（广东专版）202x年高中英语学业水平测试复习语法突破考点四名词和主谓一致新人教版

1、考点四名词和主谓一致,-2-,-3-,第1步技法探究 一、名词 1.可数名词复数的规则变化,-4-,2.常以复数形式出现的名词 clothes衣服glasses眼镜chopsticks筷子 trousers裤子goods商品;货物contents目录 sands沙滩woods森林;树林times时代 lines台词surroundings环境belongings财产 earnings收入arms武器manners礼貌 forces军队,-5-,3.有两种复数形式的名词,4.集体名词的数 (1)只表示复数意义的集体名词 people人,人们police警察cattle牛 (2)侧重成员时表示复数

2、意义,侧重个体时表示单数意义的集体名词 这类集体名词侧重成员时,表示复数意义,不再变复数形式;侧重整体时表示单数意义,表示多个这样的整体时有复数变化形式。 class班级family家庭team队 public大众army军队government政府,-6-,5.单复数同形的名词 sheep绵羊deer鹿 works著作;作品means方式 6.名词的数量修饰语 (1)只修饰可数名词 manyfew/a fewseveral many a(后跟单数可数名词)a number ofquite a few (2)只修饰不可数名词 little/a littlemucha bit of a grea

3、t deal ofa large amount of (3)修饰可数名词与不可数名词均可 someanyenough plenty ofa lot ofa mass of quantities ofmostall,-7-,7.名词所有格 (1)s所有格 表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s或,表示所有关系。 例:a mans shirt一件男士的衬衫 my sisters telephone number我姐姐的电话号码 表示两者或多者各自的所有关系时,分别在每个名词的词尾加s或;表示两者或多者共有时,在最后一个名词词尾加s或。 例:Toms and Jims fathers汤姆的父亲和

4、吉姆的父亲 Tom and Jims father汤姆和吉姆的父亲 表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 例:at the barbers在理发店 at the teachers在老师办公室at my uncles在我叔叔家,-8-,一些表示具体的时间、距离、城镇等的名词也常用s所有格。 例:ten minutesbreak十分钟的休息 a stones throw一箭之地 Londons water system伦敦的供水系统 (2)of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 例:the t

5、itle of the song歌曲的名字 例:the name of the boy standing there站在那儿的那个男孩的名字,-9-,(3)双重所有格,注意: picture,photo,statue等用of所有格和双重所有格时意义有区别。,-10-,8.名词作定语 名词作定语往往是说明被修饰词的材料、用途、类别等,作定语的名词通常用单数。 例:gold chain金链子coffee cup咖啡杯 mountain village山村winter holiday寒假 注意: 常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数;man和woman作定语时,其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。 s

6、ports meeting运动会sales manager销售经理 men doctors男医生women teachers女教师,-11-,9.构词法名词 名词在英语学习中很重要,在词类中占的比例也很大,而且有些词,如动词、形容词等通过形式上的变化会成为名词。 下面是动词变名词时主要的几种后缀。 (1)后加-(t)ion,表示“行为或状态”。如:action,collection,suggestion,invitation,information,instruction,exhibition,attraction,pollution,solution等。 (2)后加-ment,表示“行为或结

7、果”。如:achievement,management, amusement, requirement, statement,development, equipment,disagreement, advertisement,appointment等。 (3)后加-er/or,表示“的人”。如:reporter,waiter,interviewer,player,winner,farmer,learner,actor,visitor,collector,director,inventor等。,-12-,(4)后加-ant,表示“的人”。如:assistant,attendant,servan

8、t,merchant等。 (5)后加-ist,表示“专家,从事的人”。如:tourist,violinist,pianist,artist,scientist等。 (6)后加-ian/-an,表示“有特征的,专长于的人”。如:musician,historian,physician等。,-13-,二、主谓一致 1.“主语+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except等+名词”,谓语动词的形式与主语一致。 A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Tea

9、chers Day by my students. The father as well as his children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter. 2.由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but(also).,or,nor连接的并列成分作主语,以及there be句式中,谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。 Either you or I was wrong in this matter. Not only the teacher but also his st

10、udents have been invited to the meeting.,-14-,3.被every,each等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and(every)girl has adapted to the new teacher. 4.两个单数名词由and连接表示同一人或物时,谓语动词用单数。 The scientist and professor has made great contributions to the research. 5.class,family,crew,team,group,crowd,government等集体名词作主语时,若

11、侧重整体,谓语动词常用单数;若侧重成员,谓语动词用复数。 The football team is made up of 22 members. The football team are taking their training course on the playground.,-15-,6.表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,glasses,shorts等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/.pairs of来修饰,谓语动词在数上要与pair的数保持一致。 These trousers nee

12、d cleaning. This pair of glasses is mine. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 7.表示时间、距离、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 I think $5,000 is a large sum of money for him. Forty kilometers is a long distance for him to get there on foot.,-16-,8.分数或百分数作主语,谓语动词根据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定。 Two thirds of his income has been

13、spent on books. Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty. 9.“a number/group/variety of+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the number/group/variety of+可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。 A number of new products have been successfully produced. The number of people doing fitness training is on t

14、he increase. 10.a large quantity of与large quantities of修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。 A large quantity of trees has been planted on either side of the road. Large quantities of trees have been planted on either side of the road.,-17-,11.从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 When the meeting will be held has n

15、ot been decided yet. Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. 注意: 主语是what引导的从句,谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。 What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers. 12.定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。 Mr Smith,who is now downstairs,is asking to see you. The Smiths,who are now downstairs,are asking to see y

16、ou.,-18-,13.“the+形容词”(如the poor,the rich,the young,the old,the dead,the sick,the wounded等)作主语,表示“人”时,谓语动词往往用复数形式,但表示“事物”时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The wounded have been carried to safety. 14.“many a+可数名词单数(许多)”或“more than one+可数名词单数(不止一个)”作主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数形式。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. =Many

17、ships have been damaged in the storm.,-19-,第2步真题试做 1.(2019广东)They would have a lot of (child).,2.(2018广东)Some robots can “see” clearly, for they use TV cameras as their (eye).,3.(2018广东)Many robots have computer brains. Now they have even come into our homes and work as (help) at home.,children,解析:a

18、 lot of修饰可数名词复数,故答案为children。,eyes,解析:eye是可数名词,其前被their修饰,应该用复数形式eyes。,helpers,解析:介词as后跟名词,主语是they,故用复数名词helpers。,-20-,4.(2017广东)In my town,people (likes) to give smile cards to those who (has) received help.,like,have,解析:主语people是复数名词,谓语动词用likes的复数形式like;关系代词who作主语,谓语动词的形式与先行词those保持一致,第二个空填has。,5.

19、(2018课标高考)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.,is,解析:主语为it,且全文用一般现在时,故填is。,6.(2018课标高考)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water s

20、afer for people.,pollution,解析:作decreased的宾语,故用名词形式。,-21-,7.(2018课标高考)Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.,scientist,解析:由后面的宾语从句who studies animals such as apes and monkeys可知,此处作者在介绍自己的身份,说明自己是一位科学家。,8.(2018浙江6月高考)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.,dishes

21、,解析:dish是可数名词,此处表示泛指含义,故用复数形式dishes。,9.(2018浙江6月高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.,weight,解析:根据语意“体重问题”可知,此处需要用动词weigh的名词形式weight。,-22-,10.(2017课标高考)It ran for just under seven kilometers and all

22、owed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.,crowds,解析:此处表示来来往往的人群,故用复数形式。,-23-,第3步模拟通关 1.(2019广东广州天河区高二期中)Whenever something_(beat)us,we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary.,2.(2019广东揭阳高二期中)From the angle of the consu

23、mers,it can save much time for a person who (have)little spare time to go shopping in the malls.,beats,解析:本句的主语是something,不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。,has,解析:定语从句的引导词who指代a person,故从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。,-24-,3.(2019广东佛山高二质量检测)She also seemed to know when people (be)upset and.,were,解析:在when引导的宾语从句中,主语是people,结合主句的时态可知,此处be须用were。,4.(2019广东示范性高中第二次联考)Sports c