The RoaringTwenties咆哮的20世纪[基础教学]

1、The Roaring Twenties,No.25 唐冰华,What are “The RoaringTwenties”,Riotous(放荡的) living? Flappers(轻佻女子)? Jazz,2,The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nations total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929,

2、 and this economic growth swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar “consumer society.” People from coast to coast bought the same goods (thanks to nationwide advertising and the spread of chain stores), listened to the same music, did the same dances and even used the same slang! Many Am

3、ericans were uncomfortable with this new, urban, sometimes racy “mass culture”; in fact, for manyeven mostpeople in the United States, the 1920s brought more conflict than celebration. However, for a small handful of young people in the nations big cities, the 1920s were roaring indeed,The Roaring T

4、wenties,3,The Roaring Twenties emphasizes the periods social, artistic, and cultural dynamism in America. Jazz music blossomed, the flapper redefined modern womanhood, Art Deco (装饰艺术)peaked, and finally the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ended the era, as the Great Depression set in worldwide,The Roaring

5、 Twenties,4,咆哮的20年代,咆哮的二十年代始于北美，又受一战结束影响传至欧洲。后者自1919年一战结束以来饱受经济衰退困扰，因此一直致力于战后重建并恢复因战争而造成的劳动力消减。与二战后不同，美国没有试图支援欧洲的战后复兴，反而是进一步倾向于孤立主义政策。在加拿大，美国取代英国成为主要经济伙伴导致了该国历史上一次极为重要的经济转型。总体上，自20年代中期开始，北美经济规模开始凌驾于欧洲之上，而几乎与此同时，咆哮的二十年代也开始在英法德等几个主要欧洲国家显现。20年代后半的欧洲经济高速发展，被称作“黄金20年代”，在法国和加拿大亦称做“疯狂年月” 咆哮的二十年代的精髓可以被描述为现代

6、主义与反传统精神的某种不协调结合。此间，现代科学似乎能够化一切为可能，经济与技术的发展潜力似乎无限巨大，所有人都感到一个全新的截然不同的时代即将到来。诸如火车，小汽车，电话以及无线电等面向受众的通信手段使得现代主义思潮在民众间扩散，实用主义原则使得一切不必要的冗馀装饰统统被去除，无论是建筑领域还是在日常生活中,5,The 1920s era went by such names as the Jazz Age, the Age of Intolerance and the Roaring Twenties. The popular images of the 1920s are unforge

7、ttable memory for the Americans, such as a decade of prosperity and riotous living, bootleggers(走私贩) and gangsters(黑帮), flappers and hot jazz. The 1920s was also a decade of deep cultural conflict. The decade witnessed a titanic struggle between an old and a new America. Immigration, race, alcohol,

8、gender politics, and sexual morality- all became major cultural battlefields during the 1920s,The Roaring Twenties,6,Social Changes in 1920s,The 1920s were a decade of profound social changes. The most obvious signs of change were the rise of a consumer-oriented economy and of mass entertainment, wh

9、ich helped to bring about a “revolution in morals and manners.” Sexual mores(风俗，道德观念), gender roles, hairstyles, and dress all changed profoundly during the 1920s. Many Americans regarded these changes as liberation from the countrys past. But for others, morals seemed to be decaying, and the United

10、 States seemed to be changing in undesirable ways,The lost generation,Art Deco,Dance clothing costs more than tripled. A steel strike that began in Chicago in 1919 became much more than a simple dispute between labor and management. Many unions won recognition, and the 12-hour workday was abolished.

11、 An 8-hour day was instituted, and by 1919, half the countrys workers had a 48-hour workweek. With profits soaring and interest rate low, plenty of money was available for investment. Much went into the stock market. The bubble in the stock market burst in 1929, triggering a worldwide depression. The Great Depression was the most devastating economic blow the nation had ever suffered, lasting ten years and dominating every aspect of American life during the 1930s,29,At the end of 1920s,The decades of economic boom, fueled by oil, cars, the rapid grow