2021年最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)7

1、最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)7 PASSAGE 51 Ul _rs Even though ul _rs appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than geic factors in causing the illness, aording to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, _oking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasi

2、ng medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ul _r. Overall, 61% of ul _r risk appears to be due to enviro _ental factors, such as _oking, and the re _ining 39% is due to genes aording to Dr. I _o Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsi

3、nki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families _y spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ul _rs. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, aording to the report. Raiha and colleagues stu _d data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of geic

4、and enviro _ental factors in the origin of peptic ul _r disease, they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ul _r if the pair were geically the same as pared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some geic sus _ptibility to ul _r development. However, the risk wa

5、s no greater in twins living together pared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. Enviro _ent effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to _oking and stress in men and the use of _gesics in women, the authors wro

6、te. The minor effects of shared enviro _ent to disease liability do not support the con _pt that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the geic factor of peptic ul _r disease, they concluded. 1. Aording to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause

7、of ul _r in men? A) Smoking and stress. B) Drinking and _oking. C) Genes and children. D) Use of a _rtain medicine. 2. What factors contribute to over half the ul _rs? A) Hereditary factors. B) Economic factors. C) Enviro _ental factors. D) Geic factors. 3. In relation to ul _rs, experts study twins

8、 in order to examine A) the roles of geic factors. B) the roles of enviro _ental factors. C) the roles of both factors. D) the roles of brotherhood. 4. What does enviro _ental effects in the fifth paragraph refer to? A) A clean enviro _ent with no _oke and dust surrounding the living area. B) Smokin

9、g and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women. C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat. D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean enviro _ent. 5. The passage argues that A) ul _rs are related to genes. B) ul _rs are related to lifestyle.

10、 C) ul _rs appear in men and women. D) ul _rs are caused by pylori infection. KEY:ACCBB PASSAGE 52 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid _y save a life or improve _rtain vital signs including pulse

11、, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid _y prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can _ke the differen _ between

12、 plete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to per _nent spinal injury a

13、nd paralysis. Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first

14、aid. Next, assess the s _ne, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that _y have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for medical bra _let or card that des

15、cribes special medical conditions. Unless the aident s _ne bees unsafe or the victim _y suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid asses _ent of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the

16、acronym ABC, which stands for: A- Airway: is it open and unobstructed? B- Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C- Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems

17、. On _ obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured persons head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no eviden _ exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, pla _ the injured person in a fortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without cho

18、king or obstructing the airway. 1. It is very important in first aid to A) move the injured person from the s _ne of aident immediately. B) spend a few minutes for _ the differen _ between recovery and death. C) know what to do and what not to do aording to the condition of the victim. D) remove the

19、 medical bra _let or card from the victim. 2. One of the following practi _s is NOT right in the first aid, that is, A) to check whether the victim is breathing. B) to let the victim lie on one side. C) to telephone a hospital at on _. D) to wait patiently for more skillful medical treatment before

20、carrying on first aid. 3. The article implies that the provider of first aid should be especially careful A) in handing the victim only if he learns that the victim has both diabetes and heart trouble. B) in handing the victim if he learn that the victim has diabetes or heart trouble. C) not to move

21、 the victim if he finds a medical bra _let on the victim. D) not to move the victim if he finds the aident s _ne to be unsafe. 4. Aording to this article, first aid is usually provided by A) professional doctors. B) the victims family members. C) the victims friends. D) those people who are not ne _

22、ssarily professional doctors. 5. This article can be said to be one to A) give basic knowledge about how to practi _ first aid. B) give a brief introduction to the history of first aid. C) give some knowledge to anyone who _y be injured in an aident. D) give warning that first aid is dangerous to th

23、ose who do not know to do it. Key: CDBDA PASSAGE 53 Sleeplessness Insomnia or sleeplessness is a mon plaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sw

24、eats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally on _ the night sweats are controlled a nor _l sleep pattern returns. If it doesnt it _y be, or have bee chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of

25、one month then you have chronic insomnia. If youre not having night sweats then its time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most mon causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement

26、 disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that _y help. Other mon causes are shift working, and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with

27、 sleeping pills. It is esti _ted that 25% of the _ population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The remen

28、dations are:-Go to bed only when sleepy.-Do not wait up to a specified time.-Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc. 1. The word insomnia means A) having trouble falling asleep. B) feeling that sleep is enough. C) Having no sweats at night. D) Having nor _l sleep pattern. 2. How _ny possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second parag