第十三章-祈使句

1、第十三章 祈使句祈使句（Imperative Sentences）是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。有时为了表达说话人较委婉或客气的语气，可在句子开头或末尾加please。祈使句一般省去主语“you”。祈使句有四种结构：一、Do型这类祈使句是最常见、最简单的，它以行为动词原形开头。例如：All rise! 全体起立！Sit down! 坐下！Stop！停下来！Keep off the paint! 油漆未干，不可触摸！Watch your steps! 脚下留神！Mark your words! 留心听着！Mind

2、your head! 小心别碰了头！Follow me! 跟我来！Look out! 小心！Shut up! 闭嘴！Come and meet my family. 来看看我家人。Give the book to the teacher. 把书给老师。Do it like this, please. 请像这样做。Open the door, please. 请把门打开。Catch the ball！接球！Go and ask the teacher. 去问问老师。Put the books in your bag. 把书放到书包里。Please have a rest. 请休息一下。Pleas

3、e help me. 请帮帮我。Come here on time, please. 请准时到这儿。Do me a favor, please. 请帮我一个忙。Please look after your little sister. 请照顾好你的小妹妹。Please show me your ID card. 请你出示身份证。Always remember that genius is nothing but labor and diligence. 永远牢记天才出于勤奋。Study, study and once more study. 学习、学习、再学习。Learn from Comra

4、de Lei Feng. 向雷锋同志学习。Working people of all countries, unite! 全世界无产者，联合起来！有些是有get开头引导的。例如：Get out! 滚出去！Get away! 滚开！Get back. 回来。Get organized! 组织起来！Get done with it. 完成这件事吧。Get out of here. 走开。Get along with you! 去你的！这类祈使句的否定形式是在前面加上dont或never。例如：Dont swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。Please dont be noisy.

5、请不要大声喧哗。Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。Dont go there, please. 请别去那儿。Dont worry. Ill soon be all right. 你们不要担心，我很快就会好的。Dont disturb him. 不要打扰他。Dont tell me its too late. 不至于太晚吧。Never do it like that. 千万不要那样做了。Never open that door! 千万别开那扇们。Never speak to me like that again. 别在那样对我说话了。在较慎重的场合与强调时

6、，可用do not。例如：Do not touch my things! 不要碰我的东西! Do not come in unless asked. 非请莫入。二、Be型这类祈使句是以动词Be开头。例如：Be quiet! 安静！Be a good student. 做个好孩子。Be quiet, boys and girls. 孩子们，安静点。Be polite to your teacher! 对你的老师有礼貌点Be careful！小心！Be serious. 严肃点。Be brave! 勇敢些！Be nice to her. 要待她好些。Be seated, please. 请坐。Be

7、 gone. 滚开。Be reassured. 请放心。Be refreshed by taking a bath. 洗个澡恢复恢复精神吧。这类祈使句的否定形式也是在前面加上dont或never。例如：Dont be lazy! 不要懒惰！Dont be shy. Dont be so cruel to me. 别对我那么凶。Dont be selfish. 不要自私。Dont be angry! 不要生气！Dont be leaning out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外！Never be late next time. 下次千万不要迟到。三、Let型由let引导的祈使句也

8、是常见的句型，它用来表示建议、愿望、警告、蔑视、威胁等。用Lets时，包括听话者在内；用Let us时，则不包括听话者。例如：Let me try. 让我试试。Let us play football. 我们去踢足球吧。Lets try it, shall we? 咱们再试试，好吗？Lets say good-bye here. 我们在此道别吧。Lets go at once. 咱们马上动身吧。Lets have a beer or something. 咱们喝点啤酒什么的。Let Wythe go there himself. 让伟兹自己去那儿。Let her take charge of

9、the department. 让她负责这个部门。Let her join our choir. 让她加入我们的合唱团。Let them carry the desks. 让他们搬桌子。 Let him try and he wont succeed. 让他试试，他不会成功的。 Let the invaders come and we will wipe them out in no time. 让侵略者来吧，我们会很快消灭他们的。Let the criminals be sent to prison. 把那些罪犯送到监狱去。Let the boys out. 让那些男孩出去。Let it b

10、e so! 但愿如此！Let each man decide for himself. 让各人自己决定吧。之类祈使句的否定形式有两种：如果宾语是第一人称，多用“Letnot”；如果宾语是第三人称，常用“Dont let.”。例如：Lets not disturb him. 咱们不要打扰他。Lets not waste time. 咱们不要浪费时间了。Lets not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 现在，天在下雨，雨停后咱们再出去。Dont

11、let these kind of things happen again. 不要让这种事再发生了。 Dont let him do that again.别让他再那么做了。Dont let him in. 不要让他进来。Dont let the water run into the room. 不要让水流进屋里。四、不用动词开头的祈使句有些祈使句不用动词开头，这类祈使句在口语中十分常用。例如：Good morning! 早晨好！Happy New Year! 新年快乐！Many happy returns! 祝你长寿！Good luck in everything! 万事如意！My best

12、 wishes to you! 致最好的祝愿！On your marks, get set. Go! 各就各位，预备，跑！To the airport! 去机场！After you! 您先请！Now for it! 干起来吧！Patience! 耐心点！Order! 安静！Eyes left! 向左看齐！ Hands up! 举起手来！Hands off! 不许干涉！Guns down! 把枪放下！Danger! 危险！Over. 完毕，请回复。Forward to new victories! 向新的胜利前进！Louder! 大声点！On board, please! 上车（船、飞机）了！T

13、his way, please. 请这边走。Bottoms up! 干杯！This side down! 这边向下！Away with them all! 把他们通通带走！Off with your shirt! 把衬衫脱掉！Out with it. 拿出来。In with you! 进里面吧！Down with the pens! 把笔放下！Down with “the Gang of Four”! 打倒“四人帮”！Up with the box! 把箱子放上去！Out with the toy! 把玩具拿出来！On with your hat! 把帽子戴上！Out with you! 滚！

14、No smoking! 不准吸烟！No spitting! 不准随地吐痰！No parking at night! 夜晚严禁停车！ No entry! 不准入内！No passage! 禁止通行！No thoroughfare! 此路不通！No Bill. 不准招贴。No litter! 不准乱丢果皮纸屑！ No admittance except on business! 闲人免进！No scribbling on the wall! 不准在墙上涂写！No falsehood! 决不要说谎！Not to be taken away! 不可取走！None of that! 别来那套！None

15、of your little tricks. 不要再耍鬼把戏。None of your little games! 切不可耍小聪明!None of your business! 不关你的事！ 在使用祈使句时，还要注意以下情况：1、可在祈使句前面加上助动词do来加强语气。例如：Do stay with us！千万跟我们呆在一起！Do come here often! 千万要常来！Do sit down. 务必请坐。Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。Do save us! 天那！Do be sweeping the floor when I come in. 我进来时，一定在擦地板吧。

16、2、祈使句的主语通常不说出，但有时为了指明向谁提出请求或命令，或为了加强语气，用来表示说话者的不满、愤怒、厌烦、鄙视等，也可加主语。例如：Now you listen to me. 现在听我来讲。You clean the room. 你去打扫房间。You come with me. 你与我一起去。You do it right away. 你给我马上就做。You mind your own business! 你别多管闲事!You go out of here! 你从这里滚出起！You be quiet! 你们安静一些！Girls come to the front! 女孩们到前面去！Eve

17、rybody freeze! 每个人都不要动！Nobody move. 谁也不许移动。Everybody stand up, please! 请每个人都站起来！Somebody open the door! 谁去把门开开！Someone answer phone. 谁去接电话。Vincent stand over there. 文森站到那边去。3、祈使句有时有呼唤语，呼唤语可以出现在句首或句尾。不要混淆祈使句的主语与呼唤语，呼唤语一般用逗号隔开，而祈使句的主语一般位于谓语前，不用逗号。例如：Rebecca, pass me the magazine. 丽蓓卡，把那本杂志递给我。Come her

18、e, Bard. 过来，巴德。有时呼唤语和主语可以同时出现。例如：Neil, you listen to me! 尼尔，你听我说！You go and tell father, Susan. 苏珊，你去向爸爸说吧。You write this sentence, Alva, and you write that, Tina. 阿尔瓦，你写这句句子，蒂娜，你写那句句子。4、如要表示客气或委婉的请求，可在祈使句中加please。please可放在句前、句中或句尾，在句尾时，通常用逗号隔开。例如：Please be seated. 请坐。Please dont be late. 请不要迟到。Please do come often. 请千万常来。Please help yourself. 请随便用。Dont stand please on ceremony. 请不要拘束。Dont be nervous, please!请别紧张！Have a rest, please. 请休