微电子技术专业（Microelectronics technology major）

1、微电子技术专业（Microelectronics technology major）This article is contributed by shenqidexuanDOC documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Microelectronics technology majorAn overview of the main profess

2、ional training professional with a solid semiconductor materials, devices and technology, integrated circuit principle and design theory of professional knowledge and basic knowledge of electronic technology, mainly engaged in the semiconductor integrated circuit chip manufacturing, packaging and te

3、sting, layout design and quality management, production management, equipment maintenance and other semiconductor manufacturing industry in urgent need of line engineering and technical personnel and senior technical workers. This is the first professional semiconductor manufacturing to cultivate st

4、udents practical ability, according to the characteristics of semiconductor manufacturing industry automation equipment to strengthen the students of electronic technology, computer, equipment maintenance and other professional knowledge, so that students have strong adaptability and large professio

5、nal development ability. The main course of main theory courses: basic semiconductor physics semiconductor devices and semiconductor measurement, semiconductor materials, manufacturing technology, microelectronic packaging technology, semiconductor technology, integrated circuit reliability principl

6、e, integrated circuit design, electrician foundation, analog electronic circuits, digital circuits, chemical engineering and foundation, CAD circuit, programmable logic device, professional English, electronic measurement, microcontroller principle, quality management. The main course: integrated ci

7、rcuit manufacturing, semiconductor device, semiconductor device measuring training curriculum design, curriculum design, technology of semiconductor integrated circuit design curriculum design, curriculum design, electronic electrician training, electronic assembly training, training of computer ass

8、embly and maintenance, circuit CAD course design. Professional certificate, CET three certificate, national computer grade examination certificate, Ministry of Labor issued: semiconductor integrated circuit installation Intermediate Certificate (or semiconductor chip manufacturing, intermediate work

9、ers), etc. The employment direction mainly for microelectronic products production enterprises and business units engaged in the semiconductor chip manufacturing, packaging and testing, inspection and quality control, equipment maintenance, process improvement and small scale semiconductor integrate

10、d circuit layout design technology, production management and electronic product procurement, sales and service work. Edit this paragraph edit this paragraph, edit this paragraphMicroelectronics technology overviewWith the rapid development of science and technology, information technology, electron

11、ic technology, automation technology and computer technology integration, has become an important pillar of technology in the field of science and technology in todays society, in any field of research and development are closely linked with these technologies, and cross each other, their mutual pen

12、etration is also more and more close. As a cutting-edge information technology should include the following contents: microelectronics and nanoelectronics; RISC RISC and parallel computing technology; Multimedia (Multimedia) and Virtual Reality (virtual reality, (also called Lingjing) technology; so

13、ftware engineering, CASE software engineering environment and according to the general method of thinking and human cognitive process to develop the object oriented software technology; automatic control (except the first and the second generation control theory and system, and fuzzy control, artifi

14、cial intelligence, neural network theory and system), and finally related and modern communication technology. We make a brief introduction to microelectronics and nanoelectronics, electronic computer technology and modern communicationsedit this paragraph, edit this paragraph edit this paragraphMic

15、roelectronics and nanoelectronicsMicroelectronic technology and microelectronic technology are the direct foundation of modern electronic information technology. Three scientists from the Baer Institute in America won the Nobel prize for physics in 1956 for the development of the first crystalline t

16、riode. Transistors become the basis of the development of integrated circuit technology, and modern microelectronic technology is a high and new electronic technology based on various semiconductor devices with integrated circuit as the core. The production of integrated circuit started in 1959. It

17、is characterized by its small size, light weight, high reliability and fast operation.Sign of microelectronic technology progress in three aspects: one is to reduce the chip size of the device structure, namely reduces processing line width; two is to increase the number included in the chip compone

18、nts, namely the integration scale; the three is the development of the design and application of. Large scale integrated circuit (LSI) means that more than one thousand components can be fabricated on each single silicon wafer. The integration degree is above ten thousand to one hundred thousand, an

19、d the components are very large scale integrated circuits. Internationally, in 80s, large-scale and super large scale integrated circuit lithography standards, line width of 0.7, 0.8 microns, integration of 108. The standard line width in 90s was 0.3, 0.5 microns, and the integration level was 109.

20、Integrated circuits have dedicated circuits (such as clocks, cameras, washing machines, etc.) and general circuits. The most typical circuits in general circuits are memory and processor, which are widely used. The upgrading of the computer depends on the integration scale of the two integrated circ

21、uits. Memory is a device with information storage capability. With the development of integrated circuit, semiconductor memory has been widely used to replace the magnetic memory used in the past. It has become an information storage device in the process of computer digital operation and informatio

22、n processing. Memory size (or capacity) is often in bytes, bytes in uppercase letters B, memory chip integration has been millions of bits (MB) as a unit. At present, the lab has made 8MB dynamic memory chip. A Chinese character occupies 2 bytes, that is to say, 4 million characters can be placed on

23、 a silicon chip of fingernail size. The integration of dynamic memory has grown at a rate of quadrupling every 3 years. The central processing unit (CPU) is another important aspect of integrated circuit technology. Its main function is to perform instructions, perform calculations, or process data.

24、 The CPU of modern computers usually consists of hundreds of thousands to millions of transistors. In the 1980s, 70, with the development of microelectronics, a complete CFU could be made on a fingernail sized silicon chip. The most important indicator of CPU performance is speed, which is how many

25、instructions it can execute per second. At the beginning of the 60s, the fastest CPU could execute 1 million instructions per second (often abbreviated as MIPS). In 1991, the speed of high-end microprocessors had reached 5000, in case 80 million times. Now continue to improve technology RISC CPU spe

26、ed (i.e. complex instruction reduction, reduction) and parallel computing technology (and the concurrent execution of several instructions) is under development. In this field, Intel, the Silicon Valley company, has been in the lead. In addition, the combination of Optics and electronics has become

27、a photoelectric technology, known as the tip of the tip, and has found a new way for the further development of microelectronic technology. Time magazine predicts: twenty-first Century will be the photoelectron era. It mainly owns laser technology, infrared technology, optical fiber communication te

28、chnology and so on. edit this paragraph, edit this paragraph edit this paragraphMicroelectronic technology and large scale integrated circuitsMiniaturized integrated systems, microelectronics, have brought prosperity to mankind for half a century. At present, 8 wafer and 0.35um process have been wid

29、ely used in IC production line internationally. The level of large-scale production of integrated circuits in our country is developing very fast. 1995 has reached the level of 61.2um, IC production is expected to reach an annual output of 1 billion blocks in 2000. In April 1995, the Chinese Academy

30、 of Sciences Microelectronics Center has developed a CMOS 0.8um process, in the area of 5 * 5.7mm 26000 transistor, the output pin number 72 integrated, made the general fuzzy control integrated block. High density electronic assembly technology, integrated circuit IC actually completed the chip lev

31、el electronic assembly, with a very high Internet density. Well then,Can the high integrated SI/VLSI/ULSI (mass / magpie peptone / large scale ultra large scale integrated circuit) and ASIC/ FPGA/EPLD (special IC / FPGA / electrically erasable programmable logic device) assembled together to achieve

32、 the function of IC integration? These are SMT (surface mount technology), HWSI (mixed wafer scale integration) and 3D (3D assembly technology). These technologies, to promote electronic equipment and products to continue to develop in the light thin short, small chip components and automatic instal

33、lation of equipment can handle the size of the component is on the verge of the limit today, plays a key role. Into 90s, the representative technology is the turn of MCM, called multi chip assembly era, by 2000, the beginning of the next century, will be the WSI/HWSI/3D era! WSI is the integration o

34、f complex electronic circuits on a large wafer. IC chip, MCM and WSI for three-dimensional stacked 3D assembly, breaking the two-dimensional limit, so that the assembly density to a higher level. In the last few decades, electronic computers have undergone several generations of change, which are ma

35、rked by scale changes in basic electronic units that store or process information from generation to generation. Since 80s, scientists have begun to explore electronics with characteristic sizes of nanometers. Nanoelectronics mainly studies single atom or single molecule manipulation techniques usin

36、g scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These techniques are possible in the process of nanometer, nanometer scale has been formed, information storage, storage status has been maintained for more than a month, hoping to use this technique to make the memory of 16GB. Dr Fawkes of Germany made atomic

37、switches, which reached 1 million times the storage capacity of todays chips and won the Maurice prize. Quantum mechanics tells us that both electrons and light have Li Zibos properties, and todays microelectronics and optoelectronic devices will shrink to. 0.1 linewidth, the nature of electronic fl

38、uctuations can no longer be ignored, and the theory of semiconductors, which considers electrons as a purely particle, has been shaken. At this point, the fluctuations and the quantum functions possessed by electrons are the tasks of nanoelectronics. Nanoelectronics has more attractions. Scientists

39、have predicted that nanoelectronics will lead to a revolution in electronic technology! Computer science and Technology (1) supercomputers and microcomputers, at present, the overall direction of the development of electronic computer hardware is still to improve speed, expand capacity, increase fun

40、ctionality, improve the interface and reduce volume. Small computer system tends to diversification, and promote the development of PC personal computers and workstations, is replacing the large and medium-sized machine. As for supercomputers, all countries in the world pay great attention to it. In

41、 1991, the vice president of the United States, Gore, introduced the high performance computer and communications program (HPCC plan) to accelerate research in the computer and information networks between 19921 996 and to strengthen the US leadership. They develop the giant machine to solve the fol

42、lowing problems: the development of the conquest of cancer and AIDS medicine; development of the next generation of supersonic aircraft; the development of a new generation of automobile engine fuel saving, pollution and small; long-term weather forecast; explore galaxies form. Present hundredMillio

43、n of secondary supercomputers have been fully flowering in the United States and Japan, and billions of secondary supercomputers have been introduced. In 1992, the United States NCUBE company has announced the development performance index all reached 3T (Trillion) is teraflops, terabytes of storage

44、, CPU and memory are per trillion bytes of bandwidth of a new generation of supercomputers. (two) Internet global computer network in order to realize the sharing of information resources, the Internet continues to expand, the most representative of the net, is joined the computer online operation o

45、f more than 140 countries and regions, the number of Internet users reached about 3800000, more than about 35000000 of the net. More than 4800 organizations have registered the Internet network address,There are more than 160 countries and regions through which users communicate with E-mail. By the

46、end of the century, 1 million networks, 100 million computers and 1 billion users will be expected to use it. The goal of modern communication is global network! It is based on digital technology, computer technology, microelectronics and Optoelectronics technology. The general trend is that digital

47、, broadband, integrated, intelligent and personalized, and ultimately constitute a global, broadband, intelligent, personalized integrated service data network. The three heat flows in todays communication industry are optical fiber communication, satellite communication and mobile communication. Mo

48、dern communication technology (1) optical fiber communication technology, the light wave is electromagnetic wave, the wavelength of micron level and frequency in the level of 1014Hz, 1031 is more than 04 times higher than the microwave, so have higher communication capacity and thousands of times. H

49、ow does the existing fiber optic window accommodate 20000GHz bandwidth signals and how to exploit its potential? One is to increase the bit rate of the signal; one is to use coherent optical communication; the other is to use erbium doped fiber amplifier; one is to adopt the optical frequency divisi

50、on multiplexing technology, and the other is to adopt optical soliton communication. What is an optical soliton? Optical pulses can form solitons when they are compensated by the nonlinearity of the fiber and the dispersion of the fiber. Optical soliton pulses can be transmitted over long distances

51、without distortion in optical fibers, so they can obtain very high bit rate, which is a good scheme for high speed and long distance fiber communication. (two) satellite communication technology satellite communication has the characteristics of large capacity, wide coverage, high communication qual

52、ity, flexible station selection and low cost. According to the orbit of satellite communication, there are synchronous orbits, satellites, Middle Earth orbit satellites and elliptical orbit satellites. Satellites range from telephone, data and television broadcasts to mobile communications, GPS posi

53、tioning, navigation and VS AT (satellite small ground stations). By 1995, the worlds satellite communications forwarded by 36MHz effective bandwidth has reached 3140. In 80s, there was a national defense maritime satellite communication system. At present, 5 satellites are providing air, sea, busine

54、ss and disaster / rescue services for the ships of the three seas. In the near future, they have used 11 geostationary satellites which are 35860 kilometers away from the ground on the basis of the original satellite communication system, and will carry out 14 service businesses. At present, the glo

55、bal car phone system has been opened, the user has a car wireless system, regardless of how the vehicle running direction and speed change, the antenna system can automatic tracking of Internet satellite communication, in order to achieve global communication in the car running in. At present, there

56、 are 6500 users, each user average 2 times a day, about 2 minutes, the cost per minute is only $4-6. Telephone and fax service has been opened and data transmission service will be opened at the end of this year. (three) mobile communication technologyMobile communication is rich in content: cellula

57、r mobile phone system, cluster dedicated dispatching, mobile communication, CT cordless telephone system and radio paging (BP) system. The general trend of development is digitalization, miniaturization and personalization. Cellular mobile telephone system has more than 20 years of history, past is

58、simulation system, there are defects in the frequency of low utilization rate, poor security, less functional, complex equipment and high price, so from the beginning of 80s, many countries have developed the second generation digital cellular mobile telephone communication system. In 2000, users ar

59、e expected to reach 1 billion 200 million, the United States accounted for 50%, analog system was eliminated. (four) GPS satellite navigation system in 1964 the worlds first satellite navigation system of the U.S. transit operation, navigation satellite network by 46 satellites, running on the approximate circular polar orbit satellite, running from the south to the north, 1100 km altitude, running period; 107 minutes, two-dimensional location longitude complete the global, all-weather, precision is