中考英语 语法精讲精炼 第9讲 被动语态

1、语法精讲精炼,第九讲 被动语态,广州中考高分突破,考点1.有关被动语态的基础知识 1.被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。如： He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。(被动语态,2.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词

2、部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 3.被动语态的用法 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况： (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如： This watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的,2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： More trees must be planted every year. 每年都应该种更多的树。 (3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛) (4)句子的主语是动作的

3、承受者。如： Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.许多房屋被地震摧毁了,考点2.初中阶段主要掌握的几种被动语态 1.一般现在时的被动语态(主语+am/are/is+done) Russian is also taught in their school. 他们学校也教俄语。(肯定句) The windows of our house are cleaned once a week. 我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。(肯定句) The windows of our house arent cleaned once a week.(否定句,在i

4、s,am,are后加not) Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week?(一般疑问句,把is,am,are提句首,2.一般过去时的被动语态(主语+was/were+done) Beijing was liberated in January,1949. 北京是一九四九年一月解放的。(肯定句) These photos were taken on the Great Wall. 这些照片是在长城拍摄的。(肯定句) These photos werent taken on the Great Wall. (否定句,在was,were后加not

5、) Were these photos taken on the Great Wall? (一般疑问句,把was,were提句首,3.一般将来时的被动语态(will+be+done) (is /am /are going to+be+done) A new school library will be built next year. 一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句) A new school library wont be built next year. (否定句,在will后加not) Will a new school library be built next year? (

6、一般疑问句,把will提句首) A new school library is going to be built next year. 一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句,A new school library isnt going to be built next year.(否定句,在is/am/are后加not) Is a new school library going to be built next year?(一般疑问句,把is/am/are提句首) 4.一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+done) (1)肯定句式 主语+情态动词+be原形+过去分词 The

7、 computer must be repaired now.电脑必须立刻修。 Many trees should be planted on the mountains.应该在山上种许多树,2)否定句式 主语+情态动词+ not+ be原形+过去分词 It can not be done by Peter. 这件事不可能是彼得干的。 Waste paper should not be thrown on the road.废纸不应该扔在路上。 (3) 一般疑问句式 情态动词+主语+be原形+过去分词 Must the trees be watered now? 这些树必须现在浇水吗,4)特殊

8、疑问句式 特殊疑问词(不作主语)+情态动词+主语+be原形+过去分词 特殊疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+be原形+过去分词 When can my computer be repaired? 我的电脑什么时候能修好？ What must be done next? 下一步该做什么,语法选择(时态和语态,If you have failed in the past to try to make big changes in life,try again now,one small step at a time. Every year its the same.As December _to an

9、end,you think about the new year and all the ways you want to improve your life.But as you start to write down your hopes for the new year,you think about the last year.You excitedly write down all the changes you_,but by the end of January those ideas get_in your busy life,1,2,3,Heres a suggestion：

10、Forget the too big, hard to achieve goals and just think about the small ones.“We often think that we must do everything in big steps,_ usually its too hard for us to do it,”said Robert Maurer,who recently_the book One Small Step Can Change Your Life.“What we try to do is to begin with_small step th

11、at we cant find any excuse _it.” During World War II,American factory managers_able to increase productivity,4,5,6,7,8,生产率)trying small,continuous(持续的) improvements instead of big changes.After the war,the idea _to a rebuilding Japan.It made Japan develop quickly.The Japanese called it “Kaizen”, which_“improvement,)1.A.come B.came C.comes D.coming ( )2.A.make B.made C.are making D.are made ( )3.A.loses B.lost C.lose D.to lose,9,10,C,B,B,)4.A.but B./ C.because D.if ( )5.A.was written B.will write C.is writing D.wrote ( )6.A.such a B.such C.so D.so a