高三英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(社会文化)(及答案)

1、高三英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解( 社会文化 )( 及答案 )一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解at one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. the chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art

2、 is. animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. no cutting, no pasting.but did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering?equipment that could be of real practical use? origami mee

3、ts the demand for things that need tobe small when transportedand large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. in fact,origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.its now mathematically prove

4、n that you can pretty much fold anything, says physicist robertj. lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold anairbag into a dashboard. he is currently work

5、ing on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.at the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. theres no doubt that computers o

6、f the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. some day, says mits erik demaine, well build reconfigurable ( 可重构的 ) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into

7、 another, like transformers. too much like science fiction to be true? maybe though you certainly wouldnt want to bet against it.（ 1） what do we know about origami?a. it consumes lots of time.b. it involves interesting ideas.c. it requires complex techniques.d. it has to do with cutting and pasting.

8、（ 2） which of the following is an application of origami?（ 3） what is erik demaines attitude towards origami engineering?a. hopefulb. doubtful.c. disapproving.d. ambiguous.（ 4） in which section of a newspaper may this text appear?a. entertainment.b. culture.c. education.d. pop-science.【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2

9、） c（ 3） a（4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ thechances are that as youdid it, you reflected onhow inventive this traditional art is. animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from asingle square or

10、 rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. no cutting, no pasting.可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选 b。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ lang,an origamienthusiastsince age six, advised awell- known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a d

11、ashboard.可知折纸爱好者”lang 向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选c。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ applications for origami engineering go further thanmany of us might imagine”可知 erik demaine 认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测 erik demaine 对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选a。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ in 1995, japanese engineers launched asatellite withsolar

12、 panels that folded like a map. ”；第三段中的 “ lang,an origamienthusiastsince age six,advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best waytofold an airbag into adashboard. ；”第四段中的 “ theresno doubtthat computers of thefuture may contain tiny,folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and bett

13、er memory.和第五段中的 “ some”day, says mits erik demaine, well build reconfigurable (可重构的 ) robots that can fold on their ownfrom one thing into another, like transformers.可知卫星，安全”气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正

14、确答案。2阅读理解march 21 has been declared world sleep day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. many sleep experts hope it will be a wake-up call.according to a poll ( 民意调查 ) by the national sleep foundation, nearly 4 in 5 americans dont get as much sleep as they should during the workwee

15、k. on average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some wont do well without more. but the survey found that, on weekdays, only 21% of americans actually get a full eight hours of sleep, and another 21% get less than six hours.to m

16、any of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. on the otherhand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. and those are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get enough sleep, researchers say. als

17、o on the plus side: were likely to have better skin, better memories, betterjudgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives.“ when you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influences your performance the next day, ” says dr. alon avidan, director of the ucla sleep disorders center.a study published l

18、ast year found the same to be true even of children. when kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didnt function as well during the day.but sleeping has an image problem.“ we see napping or sleeping as lazy,”clinical psychologist in ottawa, canada, an d the leading autho

19、r of the study with children.so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. sleep is in the back seat. in fact,matter how much we work out, no matter how well we eat, we cant be in top physical shapeunless we also get plenty of sleep.”（1） the underlined part in paragraph 1 means.a. waking up the

20、sleepersb. drawing peoples attentionc. serving as a morning calld. declaring the special day（2） from paragraph 3 we can infer that.a. being healthier is one of the advantages for usb. sleeping has nothing to do with ones expectationsc. enough sleep is the guarantee of the appealing thingsd. spending

21、 more time in sleeping is a waste of time（3） what jennifer vriend said in the last paragraph implies that.a. people care little about sleepingb. sleeping is an image problemc. lazy people tend to sleep longd. sleeping is only part of our life（ 4） what is the purpose of the passage?a. to talk about p

22、eoples sleeping problems.b. to provide an investigation result of sleeping.c. to stress the function of sleeping at night.d. to arouse the awareness of enough sleep.【答案】 （ 1） b（2） c（3） a（4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3 月 21 日被宣布为世界睡眠日。（ 1）考查词义猜测。此处指,睡眠专家希望3 月 21 日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡

23、眠的重视。由此可知,a wake-up call 含有警钟的意思。与b 项表述的意思相近,故选b。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ onthe otherhand,the thoughtof being smarter,thinner, healthier and more cheerfulhas a certain appeal. 可”知 ,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。故选c。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ weput so much emphasis on diet, nutritionandexercise. sleep

24、is in the back seat. 可知 ,人们注重”饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。故选a。says jennifer vrien“ we put ” sh（ 4）考查推理判断。这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。故选d。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解in korea, it is rude to wear shoes inside someones house because it is considered dirty. in saudi arabia,

25、 you should not bring food to someones house because taking food or drink suggests that you think the host cannot afford the meal. more and more people around the world are travelling abroad to study, to go on vacation, or to work, and while it can be a great way to learn about other cultures, there

26、 may be times when travelers accidentally annoy their host.the same gesture can have very different meanings in different countries. the gesture meaning ok in the united states means something completely different in brazil as ella yao discovered. ella had travelled to brazil to study and was living

27、 with a host family. during dinner, her host asked ella if she was enjoying the meal. because her mouth was full of food, ella made a sign with her hand that to her meant ok. although ella meant the food was good, this symbol in brazilian culture is extremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed.whi

28、le travelling in thailand, elizabeth brown learned that there are differences in food in the united states and thailand. she stopped at a small, family-owned restaurant in chiang mai and ordered spring rolls. she was really enjoying eating them until she got the last one and noticed that there was a

29、n insect inside. she complained to the server. later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting to most americans, they are considered a delicacy( 佳肴 ) in some countries.all these mistakes can be avoided with some research on cultural differences before you go abroad. however, if you do ac

30、cidentally annoy someone, quickly apologize, and learn from your mistake.（ 1） for what reason did ella make her host angry?a. she spoke with her mouth full.b. her host misunderstood her gesture.c. she didnt like the meal her host prepared.d. her host didnt like using body language.（2） what happened

31、to elizabeth brown in a thai restaurant?a. she ate an insect.c. she argued with the server.（3） what may be the best title for the text?b. she was badly treated.d. she learned insects are welcome there.a. what mattersb. when in romec. how to be polited. why make mistakes【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） d（ 3） b【解析】 【分

32、析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和 ok 这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第二段中because her mouth was full of food, ella made a sign withher hand that to her meant ok. although ella meant the food was good, this symbol in brazilian culture is ex

33、tremely rude and her host was deeply annoyed. 可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示 ok，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选 b。（ 2）细节理解题。根据第三段later, she discovered that although insects are disgusting tomost americans, they are considered a delicacy( 佳肴 ) in some countries. 可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选 d。注意 a 项错误，文章是说 she was rea

34、lly enjoying eating them until she got the last one and noticed that there was an insect inside. 她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。（ 3 ）主旨大意题。本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故b 项“ when in rome,do as the romans do即入乡”随俗，适合作文章题目。4阅读理解its not a new phenomenon, but have you noticed how many nouns are being used as verbs

35、?we all use them, often without noticing what were doing.i was arranging to meet someone for dinner last week, and i said ill pencil it in my diary, and my friend said you can ink it in, meaning that it was a firm arrangement not a tentative one!many of these new verbs are linked to new technology.

36、an obvious example is the word fax.we all got used to sending and receiving faxes, and then soon started talking about faxing something and promising wed fax it immediately. then along came email, and we were soon all emailing each other madly. how did we do without it? i can hardly imagine life wit

37、hout my daily emails.email reminds me, of course, of my computer and its software, which has produced another couple of new verbs. on my computer i can bookmark those pages from the world wide web that i think ill want to look at again, thus saving all the effort of remembering their addresses and c

38、alling them up from scratch. i can do the same thing on my pc, but there i dont bookmark; i favorite coming from favorite pages, so the verb comes from an adjective not a noun.now my children bought me a mobile phone, known simply as a mobile and i had to learn yet more new verbs. i can message some

39、one, that is, i can leave a message for them on their phone. or i can text them, write a few words suggesting when and where to meet, for example. how long will it be before i can mobile them, that is, phone them using my mobile? i havent heard that verb yet, but im sure i will soon. perhaps ill sta

40、rt using it myself!（1） ill pencil it in my diary in the second paragraph probably means.a.it was a firm arrangementb.he prefers a pencil to a penc.the arrangement should be written as a diaryd.it was an uncertain arrangement（ 2） a website address can be easily found if it has been_.a.favoritedb.mess

41、agedc.emailedd.texted（ 3） which of the following has not been used as a verb yet?a.messageb.mobilec.emaild.page（ 4） the best title for this passage is_.a.technology and language.b.development of the english languagec.new technology and new wordsd.new verbs from nouns【答案】 （ 1） d（ 2） a（ 3） b（ 4） d【解析】

42、 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词。说明词汇是并不断的在变化。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ meaning that it was a firm arrangement not a tentativeone! ”用铅笔写意为着不是最终的决定，只是临时的决定，故选d。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ i favorite coming from favorite pages , so the verb isderived from an adjective not a noun. ”把这些网站设置成我最喜欢的网站，通过这种方法我可以让我很快

43、就找到这些网站。故选a。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ and we were soon all emailing each other madly. ；第”四段中的 “i favoritecoming fromfavorite pages, so the verb is derived from an adjective not anoun. ”以及最后一段中的；“ ican message someone” 说,明 acd都可以作为动词，只有b 项文章没有提及可以作为动词，故选b。（ 4）考查主旨大意。本文通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词，故选d。【点评】本题考点涉及

44、细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解on hearing the words just do it!, you will know there is a nike product nearby. if its coca-cola ” , you can be suresomeone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.an advertising slogan(广告标语 ) is to a brand what ey

45、es are to a person. the slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. good slogans leave a message inside peoples minds. its almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.here are a few examples:just do it!-this slogan speaks out to te

46、ens. it tells them to do something, but only if they think its worth it. and if so, why not do it wearing nike?always coca-cola.-cokes slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brands spirit. it seems to say coke is the only drink there is; th

47、ere are no other forms of drinks.share moments, share life.-this slogan from kodak connects photos and beauty. it asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using kodak film of course!（ 1） what would be the best title for the text?a.just do it!b.slogan and brandc.famo

48、us slogansd.what is a good slogan?（ 2） which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?a.a good advertising slogan should draw peoples attention.b.a brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.c.an advertising slogan is as important to a brand as ey

49、es are to a person.d.an advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.（ 3） the word them in the last paragraph refers to_.a.peopleb.the happy momentsc.photos and beautyd.kodak film（4） which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?a.b.c.d.【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） c（ 3） b（ 4） d【解析

50、】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。（ 1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ on hearing the words just do willit! know there,youis a nike product nearby. if its-colaalways,youcocacan be sure someone wants to sell you arefreshing drink. 介绍了”品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选b。（ 2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“ the slogan helps people understand the brand

51、 betterby telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. good slogans leave a message insidepeoplesminds. 标”语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，使用 “anadvertising slogan(广告标语 ) is to a brandwhat eyes are to a person.作者把”标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。故选c。（ 3）考查代词指代。根据最

52、后一段中“ it asks people to remember the happy moments in lifeby takingphotos ofthem- using kodak filmof course! 可”知， them指的是前文的“ happymoments”。故选b。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ the slogan helps people understand the brand betterby telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. good slogans leave a message

53、insidepeoplesminds.( 标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，表格中的第一条“obey your thirst 服从”你的渴望，标语当中的 “thirst有”口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告语。结合选项，故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6阅读理解on the banks of tanzanias lake eyasi lives the wor

54、lds last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落 ) thehadza. they dont grow food, raise animals or build houses. instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.their world is one of complete freedom something modern society can barely imagine andis unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. text messages and phone calls dont exist. nor do cars and electricity. no jobs, timetables, and social structures. no laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money the closest thing to curre