考研英语长难句(下)

1、1、But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us l

2、ook just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.主干识别：its interesting to wonder 其他成分：if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experienceIf引导的宾语从句in the same way that 引导宾语从句

3、中的状语从句：a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.翻译点拨：词汇点拨：Parenthood父母（身份）= parentSubconscious潜意识 Contributing to 造成the Rachel 瑞秋（六人行中的主角之一，很美，剧中是一个单生妈妈） Jennifer Aniston 瑞秋的扮演者，生活中也是一个单生妈妈，前夫是布拉德.皮特主句的处理：Its interesting to wonder 形式主语

4、可以直接翻译为：但是有趣的是可以思考一下宾语从句的处理：这里需要结合一个结构：To wonder ifarent 这个结构是可以翻译为否定也可以翻译为肯定的，多翻译为肯定。状语的处理：in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。参考译文： 有趣的是可以思考一下

5、，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋（单身妈妈）就有可能使我们看上去有点像有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。2、Were Fabric Tourre merely an ordinary defendant in a case brought by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), it would be time to forget his name. But on august 1st a jury in a Manha

6、ttan federal court found him liable on six counts of securities fraud-including one of “aiding and abetting” his former employer, Goldman Sachs. This means that a jury has found that the worlds most successful investment bank has done something wrong-and that the case may be far from over.词汇突破：Secur

7、ity and Exchange Commission (SEC) 美国证监会 federal court 联邦法庭 found sb liable on 认为为而负责 counts of securities fraud 股票账户造假 aiding and abetting 帮助和支持 Goldman Sachs 高盛公司（著名投资银行） Jury 陪审团 Fraud造假句子讲解：第一句：虚拟语气，省略了if 引起倒装,补全之后是： If Fabric Tourre were merely an ordinary defendant参考译文：如果法布里克.图尔是一个由证监会发起的诉讼案件中的

8、普通被告， 那么是时候忘记他的名字了。 第二句：第二句和第一句之间构成转折关系。参考译文：但是8月1日，曼哈顿联邦法庭的陪审团发现他应该为六个股票账户的造假负责，包括一个为了帮助其前雇主高盛公司的账户。 第三句：和第二句构成递进；参考译文：这就意味着陪审团发现了这个世界上最成功的投资银行做错事了，这个案子还远没有结束。3、Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the pla

9、nets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. 主干识别：Galileos greatest glory was that （主句主干） he was the first person to prove that （从句主干） the planets revolve around the sun (从句主干）其他成分：to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that （定语） （turn .on. to prove(目的状语）.） rather

10、than around the earth（我们很熟悉的rather than做状语）翻译点拨：中文到英文，如果表语较短的时候没有必要遵守英文中的主系表结构：他是第一个人，就直接翻译为：“他第一个”就可以了。 He is the one who invented the telephone.可以翻译为：他发明了电话 = 他是发明电话的那个人。参考译文：伽利略最大的辉煌就是在1609年的时候，他第一个将新发明的望远镜对准了天空，去证明了行星是围绕着太阳而不是地球转动的。附上一个句子：Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothi

11、ng.有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵主句：sometimes one pays most for the things定语从句省略了that:(that) one gets for nothing that 指代前面的things做宾语 ; 完整就是：one gets the things for nothing 直接翻译就是：有时候，一个人为不费任何代价而得来的东西支付了最多；转译：有时候不费钱的来的东西反而最贵4、In a speech delivered at Knox College in Illinois, Barack Obama launched his final campai

12、gn: a campaign to revive the American Dream. The speech, less eloquent and windier than the best of Obamas, told Americans a clear story and called on them to support a clear direction. The White House promises that this will be the beginning of a campaign, not a one-off statement for the record. Ob

13、ama finally called out the faction of Republicans that stands in the way of progress.词汇突破: windier废话连篇；心情紧张的 eloquent 流畅，雄辩 faction 派系斗争 stands in the way of progress 阻碍进步 one-off 一次性的 例句：It was just a one-off; it wont happen again. 下不为例5、We dont know if this pledge will be fulfilled, or if the init

14、iative will be swamped in the cesspool of budget negotiations, Republican obstruction and presidential concessions that will descend once more on Washington in the fall. But the initiative has the potential of drawing clear distinctions with the Republican right, and offering Americans a clear choic

15、e. Given that, it is worth understanding the scope - and the limits - of the presidents vision.词汇突破：pledge 承诺 obstruction 阻挡 concession 妥协 Given that 基于此 cesspool of budget negotiations 预算谈判的泥沼 scope - and the limits - of the presidents vision 总统视野有多远，有什么局限 draw clear distinctions 做明确的区分例句：We must d

16、raw a clear distinction between right and wrong. swamp 淹没；使沉没；使陷入困难；去除 例句：They will usually be swamped by forces working in the opposite direction. 它们常会被在相反方向起作用的力量所盖没。6、When a little-known senator named Barack Obama gave a speech at Knox College in Illinois in 2005, he ripped into then-president Ge

17、orge Bushs policies as “Social Darwinism” that left workers jobless and families unable to afford college or health insurance. Mr. Bushs ideas were at odds, he claimed, with the “decent wages, benefits and public schools” that had created a “massive middle class”.词汇突破： 1.ripinto 责骂 例句：The candidate

18、ripped into his opponent mercilessly. 这名候选人无情地抨击他的对手。 2.At odds with 与不一致； 与不和例句：This action is greatly at odds with his previous attitude. 这一行动与他以往的态度大相径庭。参考译文：2005年，奥巴马还是一个不知名的议员，他在伊利诺伊州诺克斯学院发表的演讲，他将时任总统乔治布什总统的政策批判成为“社会达尔文主义”这样的政策使得工人失业，家庭无法承担孩子的教育费用，付不起医疗保险。他表示布什总统的理念和“体面的工资，福利和公立学校，这些造就可观数量的中产阶级

19、”的理念是不一致的。7、Since then Mr Obama has repeatedly returned to this theme. He nearly always describes his policies as being good for the middle class. Nonetheless, when he returned to Knox Collegeon July 24th, he admitted that, four years into his presidency, the middle class may be worse off.在那之后的奥巴马常常

20、会提及这些问题。他几乎一直把他的政策描述为对中产阶级大有裨益的。然而，7月24日，当他再次来到诺克斯学院时，他承认，他任职总统的四年可能使中产阶级过的更糟糕。Wages are stagnant because the recovery has been slow. Globalization and technology allow foreigners and machines to compete for jobs once done by Americans. But this week Mr. Obama focused the blame on his political adve

21、rsaries and their “endless parade of distractions, political posturing and phony scandals”.词汇突破：stagnant停滞 phony 虚假的 political adversaries 政治对手 （a） parade of 一系列 posturing 故作姿态；装腔作势；装模作样 例句：She says the President may just be posturing. 她说总统也许只是在做样子而已。参考译文：由于经济复苏缓慢所以薪资停滞不涨。全球化和技术（进步）给外国人和机器提供机会来竞争原本由

22、美国人来完成的工作。但在本周，奥巴马总统将矛头指向政治对手，指责共和党不断的使政府分神、故作政治姿态和（捏造）虚假丑闻。8、Its aim was less to drum up support for specific bills than, as one official put it, to lift the conversation to a higher level”. That is away from touchy topics like the Internal Revenue Services misdeeds and the National Security Agency

23、s snooping.词汇突破：drum up 招揽，征集，鼓吹，争取例句：The government has managed to drum up some support for the idea. 政府设法征集到对这一想法的支持。less +否定 than + 肯定 touchy需要小心对待的；棘手的Internal Revenue Services misdeeds 国家税务局丑闻National Security Agencys snooping. 国家安全局窃听丑闻参考译文：像一位官员所说，奥巴马总统演讲并不是设法争取获得民众对具体提案的支持，而是：“将对话提到一个更高的层次。”

24、而这样就避开了如美国国税局丑闻和国家安全局窃听丑闻等棘手的议题。9、The immigration bill taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee, says Jeff Sessions, one of its members, is like a “mackerel in the sunshinethe longer its out there, the worse it smells”. To lengthen its spell in the sun, he and other opponents are hinderi

25、ng it with amendments. Meanwhile the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think-tank, has released a report claiming that provisions giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become citizens would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years. So far, the bipartisan alliance behind t

26、he bill appears to be holding. But the debate is revealing how delicate that coalition is, and how long and hard a fight it faces.词汇突破：taken up 受理 coalition联合合作 the Senate judiciary committee 美国参议院司法委员会 mackerel 鲭鱼 spell 时间段 amendments 修正案 a conservative think-tank保守派的智库 provisions 条款 bipartisan 两党的

27、 alliance 联盟 11m-odd 大约1100百万 trillion 万亿 holding （活动或行动）暂时用作维持现状的 第一句主干：The immigration bill is like a “mackerel in the sunshinethe longer its out there, the worse it smells” 其他成分：says Jeff Sessions 主谓做插入语 one of its members jeff sessions 的同位语 taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee 定语

28、参考译文：美国参议院司法委员会本周受理了移民法案，委员会成员之一杰夫塞欣斯(Jeff Sessions)说，法案就像“太阳底下的鲭鱼，放得越久越难闻”。第二句主干：he and other opponents are hindering it with amendments. 其他成分：状语：To lengthen its spell in the sun,参考译文:为了让这条“鱼”在太阳底下放得久一些，他和其他反对者用修正案来阻碍这个法案。第三句主干： the Heritage Foundation has released a report 其他成分：claiming that provi

29、sions giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become citizens would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years.（报告声称：）微观分析：宾语从句中的主干：provisions would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years. provisions的定语： giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become c

30、itizens参考译文：同时，保守派智库传统基金会(Heritage Foundation)发布报告称：有关让美国1100万非法移民转为公民的条款，在未来五十年将花费美国6.3万亿美元。第四句主干： So far, the bipartisan alliance behind the bill appears to be holding. 参考译文： 目前为止，两党在法案上的联合看起来依旧如故。第五句主干：But the debate is revealing how delicate that coalition is, and how long and hard a fight it fa

31、ces.参考译文：但是争执却也揭示了联合会是多么的脆弱，他们将要面对的斗争又将是多么的持久和艰难。10、With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. 词汇点拨：Federalist establishment联邦体制Ensuing 紧接的，接踵而至的例句：But as

32、to what happened there after, that will be disclosed in the ensuing chapter. 欲知后事如何，且听下回分解。主干识别：a new conception of education began to emerge.其他成分：With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment状语参考译文：随着19世纪上

33、半叶民主权利的扩展和接踵而至的联邦体制的衰退，一种新的教育观念开始浮现出来。11、Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. 参考译文：教育不再是对先前存在的地位的确认，而成了获得更高地位的工具。12、For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to li

34、ve comfortably in the world into which they had been born ,but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. 参考译文：对于不断进步的新一代学生来说，教育的目标不是培养他们在自己出生的环境中舒适地生活，而是教给他们一些新的品德和技能，从而把他们推进一个不同13、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which go

35、verns his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. （2006）解析：这句话主要难在not. . any more than.这一引导两个句子进行比较的结构上。Any more than主要用在否定句当中，表示强调语气，如： He did not want to express himself any more strongly than he had to（不到万不得已他并不

36、想这样言辞激烈）。可以把49题的这句话简化为这样一个结构便于理解： task is not tothink about something, just as a businessman is not expected to do something(他的任务不是考虑，就如同不指望一个商人去做的一样)。 Rules都可译成“规范”。 除此之外，考生还应注意moral code和rules of conduct的译法，这里的code和rules都可译成“规范”。 参考译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人会探索行业规范一样。 那么现在我们来看一下这个句子:No

37、body with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.解析:这个句子同样是结构:not.any more than 的变体；这是在这里not 变成了nobody； Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertis

38、ement先翻前半句：任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，any more than + 否定含义，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。参考译文：任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真话，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和严重过失。再补充两个短语：1.up in the air 悬而未决 2.hands-on亲力亲为例句：Its all up in the air right now: no one can agree on whether to sell the company or not.例句：Our shop manager is really h

39、ands-on. She gets involved with everything from serving customers to stocking shelves.14、下面两句话是不是一个意思？（1） No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.在科学上，职业人士和业余人士之间没有鲜明的区别：任何规则（区别）都能找到例外的情况。 （2）Amateurs can compete with p

40、rofessionals in some areas of science.在科学的某些领域，业余人士能与职业人士竞争 这两句话是在表达一个意思；在考研中可以被看作是同意替换。第一句是结论：任何区分专业和业余人士的规则都能找到例外；第二句是例子：这种情况就是一种例外啊；第一段：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index have each notched up record highs so far this year, with investors enjoying double-digitgains. European sh

41、ares, as measured by the Stoxx Europe 600 index, have reached their highest levels in almost five years.词汇突破：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index 道琼斯工业平均指数和标准普尔500指数 （美国的主要股票指数） Notch up赢取；获得高分；完成；创下例句：（1）Average earnings in the economy moved up another notch in August. 8月份这个国家的平均收

42、入又上了一个台阶 （2）The economy is expanding, notching up high growth rates.经济在发展，实现了高增长率。 the Stoxx Europe 600 index欧洲斯托克600指数参考译文：道琼斯工业指数和标准普尔500指数在今年双双创下新高，投资者也享受着两位数的收益。欧洲股票的斯托克欧洲600指数也创近五年的新高。第二段：So what is fuelling the rally? It does not seem to be the strength of the global economy. Recent data have

43、been mixed. Last month the IMF lower edits global-growth forecast for the year from 3.5% to 3.3%. If global growth prospects were improving, one would expect emerging-market stock markets to be performing well, too; in fact, they have been flat this year. And commodity prices usually strengthen when

44、 the economy improves, but The Economists all-items index has fallen by 3.2% so far this year, with industrial materials dropping by 7.1%.词汇突破：fuel 刺激，促成；A fuels B (A=原因，B=结果) rally n. 集合；重新集合；重整的信号；反败为胜(这里指股票的反弹) Mixed 这里的意思是：喜忧参半；复杂 emerging-market 新兴市场（中国等） flat 不景气The Economists all-items index经

45、济学人总商品指数（反应商品价格指数）参考译文：是什么造成了这次反弹呢？这似乎并非是全球经济形势的原因。最近的数据喜忧参半：上月世界货币基金组织把全球增长预期从3.5%下调到了3.3%。如果全球增长前景不错，那我们可以期待新兴市场的股市表现良好，但事实上，今年它们也不景气。经济提升的时候，大宗商品价格通常会走强，但今年经济学人总商品指数迄今已下跌了3.2%，工业原料指数更下跌7.1%。15、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which d

46、evelop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 词汇突破: stimuli 刺激物，单数形式：Stimulus Develop 培养 capacity for appropriate responses 恰当反应的能力 intellectual development. 智力的发展=智力水平的提高主干：1、Behaviorists suggest that行为主义者认为其他：2、the child will experience grea

47、ter intellectual development.宾语从句,孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高=儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。3、who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli定语从句,如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的。4、which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses定语从句这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展翻译点拨：依然是注意调整一下各个分句的语序。先单独成句再按照中文语序调整一下。这里就是1342的顺序比较好参考译文：行为

48、主义者认为，如果孩子是在一个有很多刺激因素的环境下长大的，而且这些因素又有利于其恰当反应能力的发展，那么孩子将会经历更大的智力水平的提高。16、A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomen

49、on in the late fifties. 词汇突破：graduate students 毕业生 Guise 伪装 intellectual智力的；有才智的；需用智力的；（主要强调后天的知识） （04年第四篇文章） 知识分子的Slum 贫民窟，贫民区 the intellectual poor穷知识分子classic poor 典型的穷人 Beat Generation 垮掉的一代 （上课提到的）主干识别：A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum 大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫

50、民窟其他成分：when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor 状语，在美国穷知识分子成为了典型的穷人the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,同位语，在颇为浪漫的垮掉的一代的伪装下的穷人a real phenomenon in the late fifties.同位语这是在50年代后期真实的现象翻译点拨：可以采取逆序法翻译，先翻译时间再翻译主句。 （在考研的时候只要能基本翻译正确，不调整语序通常只会被扣0.5分，一

51、定要确定自己调整的是正确的再去调整。）参考译文：50年代晚期在美国出现了一个真实的现象，美国的穷知识分子（披上了）颇为浪漫的“垮掉的一代”的伪装，成为了典型性的穷人，也就是在那时，大批的大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。17、Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for

52、 which it has a strong affinity.词汇突破：Aluminum 铝 Free 元素的游离状态Affinity for 一种元素对于另一种元素的亲和力 Affinity 归属感 例句：He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up.他对这片从小就了解的土地有着一种归属感。主干识别： Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century.铝直到19世纪才被人发现; 其他成分： because nowhere in n

53、ature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.微观分析：1.because nowhere in nature is it found free 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝;2. owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen 由于它总是跟其

54、他元素结合在一起;最普遍的是跟氧结合3. for which it has a strong affinity. Which= oxygen It = aluminum = aluminum has a strong affinity for the oxygen 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。翻译点拨：中文习惯先翻原因，再翻结果参考译文：铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧结合，因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力，进而在自然界找不到游离状态的铝；所以，铝直到19世纪才被人发现。18、Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereoty

55、pes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.词汇突破：Prior to 在之前 Stereotypes 模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陈规老套 Lacking=lack of 缺乏，没有 Features 特征 Unique 独特的个体 subject to容易遭受，受管制 numerous 很多的主干识别：Women in novels were stereotypes were also subject to numerous restrictions.其他成分：of lacking any features that made them unique individuals （定语）That= (features) made them unique individuals imposed by the male-dominated culture 定语修饰restrictions参考译文：20世纪前，小说中的女性都是一些刻板的形象，没有任何的特点，所以无法成为独特的个体（注意这里定语从句的处理，这里