工业革命史History of The Industrial Revolution_英语介绍

1、History of The Industrial Revolution (工业革命史,Contents,1.A simple introduction 2.First Industrial Revolution 3.Second Industrial Revolution 4.The third revolution of science and technology 5.latest Industrial Revolution,Introduction,There have been three complete industrial revolutions in human histor

2、y, successively the steam technology revolution(蒸汽技术革命), the power technology revolution(电力技术革命)and the information technology revolution(信息技术革命). Today,with the development of internet industrialization(互联网产业化), industrial intelligence(工业智能) and industrial integration(工业一体化),people claimed that the

3、 fourth industrial revolution(第四次工业革命) has come quietly,First Industrial Revolution,The First Industrial Revolution( or steam technology revolution 蒸汽技术革命) took place from the 18th to 19th centuries in Europe and America. It was a period when mostly agrarian(农耕), rural societies became industrial an

4、d urban.The iron and textile industries(钢铁和纺织工业) , along with the development of the steam engine(蒸汽机), played central roles in the Industrial Revolution,Picture of the steam engine (蒸汽机,In 1785, Watts improved steam engine(瓦特改良的蒸汽机) was put into use, providing more convenient power and driving the

5、popularization(普及) and development of machinery. In 1807, the steam-powered steamboat pilot of American Fulton succeeded.美国人富尔顿制成以蒸汽为动力的汽船试航成功。 In 1814, British man Stephen sun invented the steam-powered car.英国人史蒂芬孙发明了蒸汽汽车,The first industrial revolution greatly strengthened the links between differ

6、ent parts of the world, changed the face of the world, and finally established the dominance of the bourgeoisie for the world(确立了资产阶级对世界的统治地位).Britain first completed the industrial revolution and soon became the worlds hegemon(世界霸主,The first industrial revolution greatly improved productivity(生产力)

7、and spread advanced production techniques and advanced production experience. Capitalist countries(资本主义国家) seize commodity markets and raw materials around the world and enslave(奴役) local farmers.It has exacerbated(加剧) the poverty and backwardness of local farmers, making the east belong to the west

8、,Second Industrial Revolution,TheSecond Industrial Revolution( or power technology revolution电力技术革命) took place between 1870 and 1914, just beforeWorld War I.It was a period of growth for pre-existing industries and expansion of new ones(原有的产业和新产业的扩张), such as steel, oil and electricity, and used el

9、ectric power to create mass production. Major technological advances during this period included thetelephone,lightbulb, phonograph(留声机)and the internal combustion engine(内燃机,Electric energy is a new source of energy to complement and replace the steam engine.电能成为补充和取代以蒸汽机为动力的新能源。 In 1866, the Germa

10、n Siemens(西门子) made a generator(发电机).By the 1970s, the actual generators were available.After that, electric lights, trams(电车) and movie projectors(电影放映机) came into being, and humans entered the age of electricity(电气时代,In the 1970s and 1980s, an internal combustion engine fueled by gas and gasoline

11、was born.(以煤气和汽油为燃料的内燃机相继诞生) The invention of the internal combustion engine solved the engine problem of the vehicle,In the 1880s, German Carl Benz(卡尔本茨) succeeded in making cars powered by an internal combustion engine. In 1903, the Wright brothers(莱特兄弟) invented the worlds first airplane,Some oth

12、er inventions during the second industrial revolution,The second industrial revolution greatly promoted the development of productive forces, and exerted a far-reaching influence on the economic, political, cultural, military and technology of human society.第二次工业革命极大地推动了生产力的发展，对人类社会的经济、政治、文化、军事，科技产生

13、了深远的影响。 The second industrial revolution changed the face of society and formed the advanced situation in western and backward situation in eastern.Capitalism gradually established its rule over the world. 第二次工业革命使社会面貌发生翻天覆地的变化，形成西方先进、东方落后的局面，资本主义逐步确立起对世界的统治,The third revolution of science and techn

14、ology,The third revolution of science and technology(or information technology revolution信息技术革命)was marked by the invention and application of atomic energy, electronic computer, space technology and biological engineering(原子能、电子计算机、空间技术和生物工程).It affected the way of human life and the way of thinkin

15、g.Along with the continuous progress of science and technology, human clothing, food, shelter, travel, and other aspects of daily life have also undergone significant changes,New scientific technology revolution from 40 to 50 s of the 20th century, represented by application of the atomic energy tec

16、hnology, space technology and the computer technology(原子能技术、航天技术、电子计算机技术的应用), including synthetic materials, molecular biology and genetic engineering and other high and new technology(人工合成材料、分子生物学和遗传工程等高新技术,The emergence of the third technological revolution, on the one hand, was due to the formati

17、on of material and technological foundations, and on the other hand, the result of the urgent need of high-tech countries after world war ii.第三次科技革命的出现一方面是由于物质、技术基础的形成，另一方面也是第二次世界大战后，各国对高科技迫切需要的结果,The third technological revolution has greatly improved the science and technology, provided a solid ma

18、terial basis for the development of world culture, and made the global cultural connection more and more close.第三次科技革命，使得科学技术大幅度提高，为世界文化的发展提供了雄厚的物质基础，并使得全球的文化联系越来越密切,The third technological revolution has had a profound impact on international relations. The third technological revolution has contributed to the economic development of countries around the world, bringing both