2020刘晓燕完形强化笔记

1、刘晓燕考研完形填空2019年9月6日22:10第一节完形概述一、大家觉得考研完形难吗？完形难的原因：内心上没有重视过完形，分值过低。一直以为靠感觉做题，没有方法。单词词汇其实是考研中最基础最核心的，而且没有长难句。但是定位太难。完形填空答案的分布规律：分布在该填空所在的句子中。例：2011年14题Although sadness also _14_ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_muscular responses.14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses分布在该填空的句子之外的

2、上下句中。例：2011年17题In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofwrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-therebycreating an artificial smile or with their lips， which would produce a（n） _17_expression.16AfetchBbiteCpickDhold17Ad

3、isappointedBexcitedCjoyfulDindifferent分布在填空所处的整个意群，整个段落，整篇文章中。例：2008年21题He is that 2bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.2.A uniqueB particular C specialD rare看完这篇文章才知道的选项。二、完形填空特点1、240-280单词，首段首句不出题（那是文章中心句），每隔4-15单词一个填空，给出四个答案，选一个。例：2004年22题Many theories concerning the cause

4、s of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by youngpeople青少年犯罪的原因) focus either on the individual or on society as the majorcontributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage incriminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized（惩罚） for previous misdeedsor that

5、 they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others.22. A beforeB unlessC untilD because2、选的答案不是正确答案，而是the best one。第 1 页3、完美型 有一个明确的主题，这个主题控制全文。 文章是总分对照的结构（每一段也是总分结构）。例：2002年9题It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20thcentury, 10 by the invention

6、 of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radicallychanged the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 .9. AindeedBhenceChoweverDtherefore三、考研完形的考点1、阅读能力：精读能力2、语法能力：10种做题方法定位线索源于语法3、词汇能力只知其一不知其他；只知大概，不知具体只知认词，不知辩词；只知词义，不知使用四、完形的做题步骤1、精读完形文章前两句话把握文章中心2、按段精读，按段理解，按段做题3、对每一个空进行分析，

7、找出每一个空定位线索得出正确答案4、查漏补缺第二节具体做题方法一、逻辑关系题英语一中有4-5道，英语二中有3-4道1、英语中常见的逻辑关系词 并列关系and，and also，or，neithernor，either.or，not onlybut also，likewise，similarly，equally，in the same way，that is (to say)，as well as，the same as 递进关系also，then，besides，in addition，additionally，moreover，whats more，furthermore，above all

8、，indeed 因果关系Because，for，since，as，thus，hence，therefore，so，so that，in order that， accordinglyOn account of=in response to=because of In that=becauseSeeing that，considering that，now that 转折关系（对比关系）but，however，yet，by contrast，on the contrary，contrarily，on the other hand， unfortunately 让步关系（对比关系）although

9、，though，even though，even if，even，in spite of，despite，第 2 页nevertheless，much as，while，whereas，as 其他表示对比关系的词（对比关系）rather than，instead of，against unlike，notbut，in fact 列举关系first，second，last，to begin with，to continue，next，first，then，on one hand， on the other hand，for one thing，for another thing，one，anot

10、her，some，others，still others 条件关系if，only if，unless，otherwise，suppose/ing，provide/ed，as soon as，in case，when，with例：2002年16题“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.16.AwithBtoCfromDby 举例关系for example/instance，such as，of/among these+具体例子，to take an example， to illustrate，l

11、ets imagine，more specifically speaking，according to转折和让步的区别：转折词后面那句话意思能够把转折词前面那句话意思彻底推翻，而让步关系词后面那句话意思不能够把前面那句话意思彻底推翻。2、逻辑关系词的做题方法 只需要逻辑关系词前后对应成分的意思就可以了例：2001年1题The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases（经典案例） 1 the trial（审判） of R

12、osemary West.1.Aas to Bfor instance（后面有逗号的） Cin particular Dsuch as 例：2002年9题It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20thcentury, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radicallychanged the process, 11 its impact on the media was no

13、t immediately 12 .9. AindeedBhenceChoweverDtherefore例：2004年20题All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.20. A providedB sinceC althoughD supposing例：2005年20题The brain finds it best to keep sm

14、ell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergencysignals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.20.A similar to B such as C along with D aside from例：2007年12题Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 10 by the Spanishcrown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain C

15、atholicism 13 the official religion of thenew states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.第 3 页12.A SinceB IfC Unless D While=although=as14.A spreadB interference C exclusionD influence例：2009年14，18题Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animalswould 13 on humans

16、if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running asmall-scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, theywould test us to16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is re

17、ally 17 , not merely how muchof it there is.18, they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actuallyaware of the world they live in? 20the results are inconclusive.14.A by chance B in contrastC as usualD for instance18.A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise3、逻辑关系题的猜词技巧同性元素排除原则，有例外例外： W

18、hile和wherea都表示对比关系，但是当他们两个同时出现时选while不选whereas，因为while比whereas更正式例：06年14题And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others， 14 not addicted or mentally ill，simply lack the everyday 15 skills neededto turn their lives 16 . 14.A whenB onceC whileD whereas Indeed和其他表示递进

19、的词相比更注重强调例：06年1题The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 1 ， homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly 2 . For instance和such as都表示举例，for instance后面有逗号，such as后面没有逗号例：2005年1题The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to

20、 be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright.1.A althoughB asC but D whileABD都表示让步只有C表示转折做好not题如果逻辑关系词前后两句话一个带not一个不带not，就一定选表示对比的关系词例：2002年11题It is generally recognized， 9, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20thcentury, 10 b

21、y the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radicallychanged the process, 11its impact on the media was not immediately 12 .11. AunlessBsinceClestDalthough第 4 页例：2003年18题This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help studentsacquire a sense of commitmen

22、t by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and theirattention spans and by having clearly stated rules.18. A On the contrary B On the averageC On the wholeD On the other hand段首除第一段以外的各段段首如果要填逻辑关系的词，就要填表示对比的关系词。如果没有表示对比的关系词，则选表示递进的关系词。总分如果逻辑关系词前后的内容具有包容性也就是总分关系的话，就一定选表示举例关系的词。二、动词题的做题方法根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系来做

23、题看主语：看主语是人还是物 主语必须是有人的动词有：doubt、intend、require、regard、be impressed by、believe、notice 主语必须是物的动词有：manifest（与show同时出现选show）看宾语： 看宾语是人还是物。只能跟人做宾语的谓语动词有assure、impress、side with可跟人可跟物的动词（一般是正确答案）：ensure、agree with 看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词跟抽象名词做宾语：enhance；（+the quality）跟具体名词做宾语：fasten（系紧，绑紧）、label（贴标签）、feed既跟抽象又跟具体名

24、词有：tighten根据动词后介词以及介词后宾语来做题（固定搭配）例：2001年2、7题In a significant2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, willintroduce a 3bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictlycontrol the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter t

25、o Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that selfregulation did not 8 sufficient control.2. Atightening Bintensifying（vt. & vi. (使)增强, (使)加剧）Cfocusing（后接on） Dfastening7.Asided（后面要接人）Bshared Ccomplied

26、 Dagreed例：2002年18题The communications revolution has 18both work and leisure and how we think and feelboth about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political,social and cultural implications.18. AregardedBimpressedCinfluenced Deffected例：2004年10题For example, changes in the

27、 economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and第 5 页rising unemployment 11make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.10. A pointB leadC comeD amount例：2006年9题One of the federal governments studies9that the number of the homeless will reachnearly 19 million by the end of this d

28、ecade.9.A predictsB displaysC provesD discovers例：2009年1、13题Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. 1the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times.1.A SupposeB ConsiderC ObserveD ImagineResearch on animal intelligence also makes us w

29、onder what experiments animalswould 13 on humans if they had the chance.13.A deliverB carryC performD apply例：2010年1、19题It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1workers productivity.1.A affectedB achievedC extracted抽出提取D restored18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experi

30、mentation showed thatoutput always went up on Monday, workers19 to be diligent（勤奋的, 勤勉的） for thefirst few days of the week in any case, before20 a plateau and then slackening off.19.A attempted B tendedC choseD intended例：2011年2、9题Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and it

31、s bloodvessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption.2.A reflect B demandC indicateD produceSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help9 the effects of psychological stress.9.A aggravate B generateC moderate(使)减轻缓和D enhance例：2012年5题Part of the problem is that the justices法官 are not 5by an ethics code

32、.5.AadvancedBcaughtCbound （bind 约束限制）Dfounded三、形容词题的做题方法当形容词做定语时候，形容词所修饰的名词就是最佳的线索。当形容词做表语时，主语就是最佳的线索。形容词修饰名词并且名词后还有定语和同位语的话，提示线索不光形容词所修饰的名词，还要看名词后定语或同位语成分。例：2001年10、14题9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in E

33、uropean legislation would be left to judges12 to Parliament.10.AstormBrage（outrage）Cflare闪光DflashThe Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights legally 14in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15to privacy and that public figures cou

34、ld go to court to protect themselves and their第 6 页families.14.Abinding Bconvincing Crestraining约束限制仅仅指自己 Dsustaining例：2002年19题The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, so

35、cial and cultural implications.19. Acompetitive Bcontroversial Cdistracting分散注意力Dirrational例：2003年10题A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as forpractice in successful 11 dynamics.10. A durable持久度 B excessive过多的过量的C surplus剩余的 D multiple很多例：2006年8、15、17题7 the

36、figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 .8.A inflating膨胀 B expanding使扩大 C increasing增加 D extending延伸Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed toturn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy not

37、es that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.15.A lifeB existenceC survivalD maintenance17.A complex B comprehensive Ccomplementary补充的 D compensating例：2009年3、19题This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being

38、too bright.3.A thinnerB stablerC lighterD dimmer18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?19.A fundamental B comprehensive C equivalent D hostile例：2010年09题A(n) 8that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workersbehavior10i

39、tself.9.A suitableB excessiveC enoughD abundant例：2011年5题But because hard laughter is difficult to 4, a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefitsthe way, say, walking or jogging does.5.A measurable明显的B manageable可以控制的 C affordable负担得起的 D renewable可更新的例：2012年14题Our legal system was designed to set law

40、 apart from politics precisely because they are soclosely 14 .14.AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied例：2013年10题In theory, the9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly forinterview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .第 7 页10.A found B studiedC chosen D

41、 identified四、名词题的做题方法1、当名词充当主语时候，谓语和宾语就是最佳提示线索2、当名词充当做宾语，主语和谓语就是最佳提示线索3、当名词充当做表语，主语就是最佳提示线索4、当名词周围有定语时候，定语就是最佳提示线索5、当介词后面需要填入一个名词的时候通常考虑固定搭配例：2002年3、17题As was discussed before, it was not2 the 19th century that the newspaper became thedominant pre-electronic3 ，following in the wake of the pamphlet a

42、nd the book andin the 4 of the periodical.3. AmeansBmethodCmediumDmeasureIt was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widelyused to describe the 17within which we now live.17. Acontext环境 Brange范围 Cscope Dterritory例：2003年5题4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and

43、 a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the5thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are6by others.5. A assistanceB guidanceC confidence D tolerance忍受容忍例：2006年12题11 when homeless individuals manage to

44、find a 12 that will give them three meals a dayand a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.12.A lodgingB shelterC dwellingD house例：2006年12题This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright.4.A tendencyB advantageC inc

45、linationD priority例：2010年5、13题According to 5of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting wasincreased, but also when it was dimmed.5.A requirements B explanations C accounts描述；叙述；报告 D assessmentsHawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record, nosystemati

46、c 13was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.13.A evidenceB guidanceC implicationD source例：2012年15题Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamentalsocial 15 like liberty and property.15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisions Dconventions五、副

47、词题的做题方法根据副词修饰的对象来做题根据副词所在的语境来做题第 8 页根据文章中心来做题例：2003年13题Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the12of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.13. A particularlyB barelyC definitelyD rarely例：2009年10题Instead of casting a wi

48、stful glance10 at all the species（that省略）weve left in the dustI.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11of our own intelligence might be.10.A upwardB forwardC afterward D backward六、介词题的做题方法没有方法，只能靠语感，固定搭配例：2010年2、10题Instead, the studies ended2 giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, theextrem

49、ely influential idea that the very 3to being experimented upon changed subjectsbehavior.2.A atB upC withD offIt did not 6what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose. A(n)8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9toalter workers behavior10itself.10.A aboutB

50、forC onD by例：2011年12、15题11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.12.A withB on C inD atAlthough sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.15.A intoB fromC towards D beyond以上六种为基本方法，如果依然无法得到正确答案，就用以下三种方法。七、

51、根据上下文逻辑关系的做题方法例：Misunderstanding often，but sometimes seriousA fillingB surprisingC anxious D amusing例：2003年1、4题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 suchchanges. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.1.A thoughtB ideaC opinionD advice3.A careB nutritionC exerciseD leisure例：2004年1、4、5题Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people)