英语历年期末卷

1、.2009级专业硕士班英语期末考试 (2010/01)Part I Vocabulary (15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singl

2、e line through the center. 1. Although the specimens are entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic _ of the organism. A. remainsB. relicsC. sediments D. traces 2. Visitors to the Soviet Union reported that the regime had allowed many churches

3、 to reopen, but at the same time Soviet newspapers and periodicals _ an anti-religious campaign. A. involved in B. embarked on C. contended for D. endeavor to 3. The environmental problem is not merely a result of _ industrial and technological development, but also an issue closely related to our o

4、utlook, values and knowledge systems. A. outrageousB. tremendousC. feverous D. overzealous 4. After the war, many Africans were _ to Christianity. A. altered B. converted C. diverted D. reversed 5. Religious leaders in China are expected to truthfully report religious affairs of different countries

5、so as to promote mutual understanding between their followers, but not exaggerate disagreement and _ confrontation. A. instill B. infuse C. instigate D. insulate 6. A new book by two Western scholars warns that the widespread practice of sex-selective abortion, though _ years ago in China, could add

6、 to societal instability and violent crime. A. outlawed B. legalized C. refuted D. overturned 7. Changes in the institution of marriage nowadays are viewed by some conservatives as a (an) _ of values and a decline of morality. A. disintegration B. separation C. alienation D. alteration 8. Contrary t

7、o the traditions, the _ role of the man as “bread winner” and the woman as housewife is changing. A. congregatedB. allocatedC. designated D. prescribed 9. The fact that the United Sates is a society of “Glorification of Youth” has left many older people _ and alone.A. decentralized B. affiliatedC. d

8、emobilized D. alienated 10. Although their members have _ into the educational and employment system of the United States, most Chinese families still maintain their cultural heritage within their homes. .A. fabricated B. segregatedC. assimilated D. deviated 11. Towards marriage and family, the Chin

9、ese youth nowadays pay more attention to _ matters, like income, housing, appearance and age, etc. A. altruistic B. visionaryC. concrete D. ultimate 12. There is no shortage of serious problems facing the Chinese government energy shortages, environmental _, infrastructure inadequacies, and corrupti

10、on. A. decomposition B. disillusion C. degradation D. desolation 13. The invasion of Chinese goods into the United States has _ claims that the national currency is undervalued, and threats of punitive tariffs against Beijing.A. resented B. inspired C. spurred D. prompted 14. In the year of 1421, Zh

11、engs ships returned with cargoes of _ goods, and envoys from more than 30 countries followed to pay homage to Emperor Yonglo (永乐皇帝). A. exotic B. bizarre C. wizard D. vivid15. By August, the _ agreed to in June on Chinese sweaters, pants, bras and other textile categories have already been reached;

12、the European customs officials have therefore blocked the import of millions of dollars worth of these items. A. tariffs B. barriers C. quotas D. nontariffs 16. The new science, _ aims at understanding the way that living systems interact with one another and with their environment. A. exobiologyB.

13、astrology C. astronomyD. ecology17. China soon will come into the Year of the Dog, one of 12 signs in her _.A. heritage B. almanacs C. systemsD. zodiac 18. Although marriage requirements such as age and permissible degree of relationship differ, each state generally will recognize a marriage _ contr

14、acted in another state.A. illegitimatelyB. convincinglyC. validlyD. creditably 19. In the space age, success in space explorations has become a _ of a countrys leadership in science, engineering and national defense. A. symbol B. dimension C. standardD. measure 20. Laboratory experiments suggest tha

15、t the essential molecules that led to living organisms combined in the atmosphere and _ on the coastlines of oceans early in the earths history. A. condensed B. compiled C. accumulated D. dissipated21. In 1984-1985, Chinas emphasis on economic reform was pressed _ at first; then it ran into difficul

16、ties, and the pace was decelerated. A. excessively B. affluently C. rampantly D. vigorously 22. The fault of subvocalization is often contributed to by teachers who _ all reading lessons with reading aloud. A. equate B. equip C. equalize D. equal23.Grammatical alterations in English take place only

17、by generations or decades at the fastest, so they pass unnoticed by _ grammarians; yet the layman nowadays can perceive those changes. A. all but B. all tooC. only but D. only too 24. When listening to music on radio, you may not understand everything, especially those English words _ in heavy guita

18、rs or synthesized distortions. A. drowned outB. melted down C. plunged up D. engaged upon25. Americans believe that work is morally right and it is immoral to waste time, so they give much emphasis to “doing” rather than “being” and adopt a _ attitude toward life. A. pragmaticB. virtualC. static D.

19、zealous 26. The disease causes losses of $150 million every year in the United States, sometimes killing half the stock on a farm and also causing tumors that make chickens unmarketable for _ reasons, although they have never been shown to cause cancer in humans.A. ethic B. ethnicC. esthetic D. etho

20、logical 27. We are truly the citizens of one world and we must therefore evolve a global _ on what is good and evil and what is right and wrong. A. obligations B. consensus C. sensations D. concedes 28. There is always an escapable tension faced by all governments in _ their commitment to principles

21、, like human rights, and the interests of the state, like national security. A. compromising B. reconciling C. yielding D. bridging 29. _ the Kyoto Protocol (京都协议) puts the USA into a position of environmental isolationism and makes it responsible for climate catastrophe; a case in point is the Katr

22、ina attack this summer, as is said by many people. A. Devastating B. SabotagingC. Disrupting D. Degrading 30. Remember that it is bad manners to be _ and sure of your own point of view, suggesting by your speech or action that no one elses is of any value. A. disobedient B. dogmaticC. prominentD. te

23、mperate Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on t

24、he Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：The decision this week by U.S. District Judge John E. Jones declaring unconstitutional the Dover, Pa., school boards advocacy of “intelligent design” is not binding on any other jurisdiction.

25、 In practical terms it doesnt matter even in Dover, where voters recently tossed out all but one of the school board members responsible for ensuring that high school biology students get advised of this “alternative” to classical evolutionary theory. It is nonetheless an important decision, both be

26、cause it exhaustively documents how the theory of intelligent design is not science but cleverly repackaged creationism and because it rightly insists that such a religion-infused idea has no place in public schools. It therefore represents a model for judicial consideration of the proliferating eff

27、ort to use intelligent design to undermine the teaching of biology.Advocates of intelligent design dont talk about God, and they use scientific-sounding language. But Judge Joness opinion, all 139 pages of it, makes abundantly clear that intelligent design which posits that the complexity of natural

28、 life shows distinctive elements of design is nonetheless religious at its core. While its partisans do not identify who the designer is, they offer a supernatural explanation for natural phenomena, which is an essentially nonscientific approach untested and indeed untestable. The separation of chur

29、ch and state does not tolerate the promulgation of religion in public schools. Case law has clarified that this restriction prevents jurisdictions both from prohibiting the teaching of evolution and from requiring the teaching of creationism as science alongside it. Judge Jones has taken an importan

30、t additional step, holding that it also forbids the teaching of creationism masked in scientific lingo, even without overt references to God. If a school district adopts a policy of promoting a religious cosmology, however couched, in an effort to undermine science and thereby instill religious valu

31、es, that policy must fall. As other jurisdictions contemplate similar acts of what Judge Jones calls “breathtaking inanity (愚蠢),” this is a good principle for courts to follow.31. We know from the first paragraph that the district court ruling to prohibit the teaching of “intelligent design” (ID) in

32、 a high school A. draws a clear picture of the relationship between ID and creationism B. sets a case model for other jurisdictional matters in that district C. shows the courts persistence against any non-scientific advocacies D. is based on the students advice against the teaching of intelligent d

33、esign 32. We can infer from the whole passage that A. “intelligent design” theory gets a lot of support from American people B. the teaching of ID is also ruled against the law by many other courts C. it was the intelligent designer that created the complex natural world D. any non-scientific theory

34、 will find no place in this modern world33. Judge Jones thinks that the advocacy of “intelligent design” is based on A. the belief that there are some elements who designed the complex life B. the non-scientific creationism that is against evolution theory C. the explanations that have not been test

35、ed and are not testable D. the fact that the advocates have not proved the existence of the designer 34. The final paragraph tells us that A. any schools attempt to resume the teaching of religious values is unlawfulB. there was once a case in which the law ruled against both evolution and creationi

36、smC. about religious matters Judge Jones set a good example for other judges to followD. any effort to mask evils with science will be defeated by law35. We can conclude that the authors attitude toward Judge Joness act is A. objective B. down-to-earth C. supportive D. hilariousQuestions 36 to 40 ar

37、e based on the following passage： A team of independent investigators at Seoul National University has determined that at least nine of 11 human embryonic stem cell colonies (胚胎干细胞群) whose creation was announced amid great fanfare (浮夸) earlier this year were fakes, deeply undermining the credibility

38、 of what had appeared to be some of the most spectacular biomedical achievements of the past two years.The stem cell colonies, created by the universitys star researcher, Hwang Woo Suk (黄禹锡), had been among the first grown from cloned human embryos and had been said to be exact genetic matches to 11

39、 patients who might benefit from the cells, which have the capacity to repair damaged tissues.But the results, published in the journal Science this spring, were called into question last month when the teams sole American collaborator abruptly withdrew from his 20-month association with the Korean

40、team, citing unspecified doubts about the veracity of the work.At first, Hwang counterattacked, admitting to relatively minor problems with his work, and saying that he thinks his cells may have been exchanged with others from a different laboratory without his knowledge.Today, Hwang resigned from h

41、is position as a professor, the Associated Press reported.The investigatory results are preliminary, awaiting confirmation from DNA testing that will also help determine the validity of the two remaining cell colonies. But in a statement released yesterday, university investigators made it plain the

42、y do not believe that the reported findings were real. At most they said, Hwangs team appears to have created two lines of the coveted stem cells, then either substituted others or split those colonies into fractions to make it appear as though there were more.“Based on these facts, the data in the

43、2005 Science paper cannot be some error from a simple mistake, and cannot be but seen as a deliberate fabrication to make it look like 11 stem-cell lines using results from just two,” the university panel said.Science is investigating as is the University of Pittsburgh, the academic home of the Amer

44、ican collaborator, Gerald Schatten.If confirmed, the fraud would be one of the most significant in recent memory and a tremendous scientific and political blow to what has been one of the most promising and controversial fields of medical research in years promising because embryonic stem cells appe

45、ar to have an unparalleled capacity to help regenerate failing organs, and controversial because the work depends on the creation and destruction of days-old human embryos.36. We can conclude from this report that Huangs creation of human embryonic stem cell colonies A. has been confirmed to have so

46、me capacity to repair damaged organs B. is a sheer nonsense to have the capacity to repair damaged human tissues C. may be true, but has some mistakes in fabricating the numbers of the cells D. is a great scandal in the scientific research world for the past two years 37. Huangs fabrication was firs

47、t exposed A. in the journal of Science B. in one of the teams papers C. by a panel at Seoul National University D. by one of his collaborators 38. The investigation is not over because A. the American collaborator needs time to prove his suspicion B. investigators from Science and the University of

48、Pittsburgh have joined in C. another laboratory needs to prove that Huangs stem cells have been exchanged D. DNA testing is needed to prove Huangs creation of the embryonic stem cells 39. In the sentence, “citing unspecified doubts about the veracity of the work,” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) veracity mean

49、s A. honesty B. accuracy C. suspect D. fraud 40. We can infer from the investigations that A. embryonic stem cells have no capacity to help regenerate failing organs B. the South Korean people feel ashamed of Huangs fraudulent claims C. cloned human embryos can never live long enough to produce stem

50、 cells D. Huangs university takes this case so seriously that it has shamed its country Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage： For generations Americans had certain courtship rituals. The boy would call the girl and ask her to the movies. He might come in and meet the father. After a

51、 few dates he might ask her to go steady. Sex would progress gradually from kissing to petting and beyond.But over the past few decades that structure dissolved. And human beings, who are really good at adapting, found that the Internet, of all places, imposes the restraints they need to let relatio

52、nships develop gradually. Couples who meet through online dating services tend to exchange e-mail for weeks or months. Then theyll progress to phone conversations for a few more weeks. Only then will there be a face-to-face meeting, almost always at some public place early in the evening, and the fi

53、rst date will often be tentative and Dutch. Now 40 million Americans look at online dating sites each month, and we are seeing a revolution in the way people meet and court one another. The online dating begins with sorting. Online daters can scan through millions of possible partners in an evening

54、and select for age, education, height, politics, religion and ethnic background. Each member at a dating site creates his or her own Web page. The most important feature on the page is the photo; studies show that looks are twice as powerful as income in attracting mates.But there are also autobiogr

55、aphical essays. All the writers try to show they are sensual yet smart in their self-descriptions. The women on these sites project themselves as being, incredibly self-confident. “I am a vivacious, intelligent, warm-hearted, attractive, cool chick, with a sharp, witty, and effervescent personality,” writes one on M. Still, men almost always make the first contact. Prospective partners begin a long series of e-mail interviews. Internet exchanges encourage both extreme honesty and extreme dishonesty, as people lie about their ages, their jobs, whether they have kids and, most often,