广州版英语八年级下册Unit 4讲义

1、Unit 4 Cartoons and comic strips 一、短语归纳：1.comic strip 连环漫画2.pop out 张大，睁大3.decide on 决定4.video camera 摄像机5.play against 同比赛6.weather forecast 天气预报7.thank goodness 谢天谢地8.make it 获得成功9.think of 考虑，想起，记得 What do you think of .？ 10.have a good idea 有个好主意11.think about 思考，考虑12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects

2、 音响效果14.at the underground station 在地铁站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 与相同18.be different from 与不同19.a pair of 一双20.at the top of 在顶部21.look out=take care=be careful 当心22.pick up 捡起23.in trouble 在困境中二、重点词汇：1.appear+(to be )+adj. She appears (to be) happy at the news. 她听到这个消息时显得很

3、开心。appear +to do sth You appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走过很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一样 be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel连系动词后接形容词作表语。6. in trouble 在困境中1)sb. have trouble with sb./sth.某人/某物有毛病I have trouble with my car.2)

4、have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. 做某事麻烦 7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人做某事10.be used to do 被用来做 used to do 过去常常做 be used to doing 习惯于做三、知识点讲解与拓展：1. character：n. 人物、角色Yue Fei is a great historical character.2. think of 考虑、思考Im thinkin

5、g of going to Paris for vacation.拓展：think of：想起、记起 I cant think of his name. think of：对有某种看法，常用于“What do you think of”句型中 What do you think of the book？3. add to& add toadd to把加到上Please add some salt to the water.add to添加，增添（欢乐、困难等抽象名词）Do you have anything to add to the list?4. record v. 录音Ive recor

6、ded the whole concert.拓展：record n. 记录 set the record创造记录 break the record打破记录 hold the record保持记录5. decide on 决定、选定What made you decide on Plan A?6. basic adj. 基础的，基本的拓展：base basis (n.)基础 basic (adj.)基本的 basically (adv,)基本上7. Here it is.以here和there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不倒装；若后面的主语为名词，主谓倒装。Here you are.

7、 给你。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。8. forget v. 忘记forget to do忘记要做某事（动作没发生）I forget to turn off the light.forget doing忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forget opening the door.9. look like 看上去像Tom looks like his father.拓展：提问长相： What do/ dose sb. look like? 提问性格： What is sb. like?10. appear v. 显得，看来，似乎A woman suddenly appe

8、ared in the doorway.拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. She appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. You appear to travel quite a lot.11. a little & a bit1) 两者都可以作副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级），或动词。 Im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容词做定语时，a little修饰不可数名词，而a bit后面加of再加不可数名词。 Theres a little water.= Theres a bi

9、t of water.12. be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，准备好做某事The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.拓展：be/ get ready for sth. 为做好准备 Are you ready for your teast?13. as well as 并且，还。用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。She is clever as well as beautiful.14. how to do 疑问词+ to doI dont know how to do it.拓展：what t

10、o do做什么 where to go去哪里 why to do为什么做15. Dont+ 动词原形.否定祈使句，意为“不要，禁止” Dont play jokes on me, will you?中考链接 -I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? -I havent decided where _. A. go B. went C. going D. to go16. the same as 和一样The twins look the same as each other.拓展：be different from

11、 与不同 考点结合London was different _ most European capitals.London was not _ _ _ most European capitals. (同义句转换)17. look 连系动词，意为“看起来，看上去”，厚街形容词作表语。Alice looks happy today.拓展：连系动词还有：be(是), look(看起来), feel(摸上去), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、显得), prove(证明是), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), turn, get, become(三个变

12、得)等18. Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事在let引导的祈使句中，sb可以是名词，也可以说代词的宾格。 Let him go.let是使役动词，常用的使役动词还有：make，have，leave等。 考点结合: They made me repeat the story. (改成被动态)_.19. a pair of+ 不可数名词/ 可数名词的复数 a pair of shoes 20. look out= pay attention to 当心、注意Look out！There is a car coming！拓展：look out of 向外看 She stopped wr

13、iting and looked out of the window.21. pick up 捡起，拾起She pick up a flower on the road.拓展：pick up sth. 捡起某物，当sth.是人称代词的宾格时，放在pick之后，如：pick it up。当sth.是名词时，可以放在pick up中间或up之后，如：pick the pen up= pick up the pen。22. in trouble 在困境中Hes in trouble, lets help him.拓展：与trouble相关的短语：get into trouble惹上麻烦 have t

14、rouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难23. success n. 成功I wish you success with your studies.拓展：succeed v. 成功。succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 成功的。 His business is successful.24. 1) tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事 He told me the reason. (改成被动句) _. ( I作主语)_. ( the reason作主语)2) tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 The teacher tol

15、d him to clean the classroom. (改成被动句)_.tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事 He told us not to buy clothes in this store.25. laugh at 嘲笑Dont laugh at him, please.练习：1.Whatdoyou_yourhometown?Itisverybeautiful.Iloveitverymuch.A. lookat B. talkabout C. thinkof D. thinkover2.WhenIwasinthesupermarket,Iforgot_

16、moneywithme.A.totake B.totaking C. taking D. bringing3.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?Idontknow_.Whydontyouwearthisredshirt?A.whentowearB.whattowear C.howtowearD.wheretowear4.Mostofmyclassmatesdontliketotalktoteirparents,butIam_them.A.differentfromB.surprisedat C. thesameasD. proudof5.Wheresyourticket?Sho

17、w_,please. A.meit B.itme C.metoit D.ittome6.-Tom,_readbookswhileyouarewalkinginthestreet.Itsverydangerous.-OK,thankyou.A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant7.He_apieceofwastepaper,andputitintotherubbishbag.A. pickedupB. threwawayC. lookedforD. handedin8.Itsureourfootballteamwill_thismatch.Werethebest.A.

18、 winB. failC. loseD. beat9.Ourteacheroftentellsus_intheriver.Itsdangerous.A. dontswimB. notswimC. nottoswimD. notswimming10.ThankstotheInternet,differentkindsofinformation_inashorttime.A.canbelearnedB.hasbeenlearnedC.canlearnD.haslearned四、语法被动语态（2）一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We v

19、isited that factory last summer 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / are + P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them?The room isnt used by them.一般过去时was / were + p.p.（1）The hunt

20、er killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the hunter.Many stories was written by him last year.现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p.(1)These workers are building a new bridge. （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers. His car is being mended

21、 by him .过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.(1)He was selling books .(2)They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .现在完成时have / has + been + p. p.(1)She has learned many English words.(2)He has finished the work.Many Engli

22、sh words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p.(1)They has solved the problem .(2)We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般将来时shall / will be + p.p.（1）I shall make a plan . (2)They a

23、re going to fix the radio in an hour.A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour. 过去将来时would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by th

24、em. A play was going to be put by them the next week.情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework .（2）You must answer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us.The question must be answered in English by you .四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变

25、被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）（被动语态）We are often told interesting stories by him.Interesting stories are often told to us by him. 常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass, send等。2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这

26、个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”2.比较：1. 4. 只有及物动词和可接宾语的(动词+介词)词组才可以有被动语

27、态, 如look after。eg： 五、不能用被动语态的情况1) 主动形式表示被动意义。某些感官系动词动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste，feel， sound等。 eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.语法练习：1. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. This listening material, togethe

28、r with its CD-ROMs, _well.A. sellsB. sellC. is soldD. are sold3. The sports meeting _next month.A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held4. Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out.A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold5. Annie _ to

29、the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited6. Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Yaan.A. is destroyed B. are destroyed C was destroyed D. were destroyed7. Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers.A. is read B. was

30、read C. are read D. were read8. Teenagers _allowed to drive.A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be9. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 10. I want to

31、borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _. For two weeks.A. keepB. be borrowedC. borrowD. be kept11. Many trees _ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted12. Didnt you see the sign No Parking! on the right? Sorry, I didnt.

32、But now I know parking _ here.A. wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow13. From May 6, pedestrians(行人) _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities. A. will fine B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined14.What languages _ in that country? German an

33、d EnglishA. are speaking B. are spoken C. speak D. is spoken15. A year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divided into D is divided into16. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are t

34、aken C. take D. takes 17. Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs _ Sorry, mum. Ill do it at once. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned18. “Frog”， Mo Yans latest novel, please! Sorry, it _ just now. But it will come out again soon.A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was

35、sold out19. Do you know Earth Day? Sure. It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.A. sets upB. set upC. is set upD. was set up20A lot of trees _around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air nowAwere planted Bare planted Cwill plant Da完型填空There was a bridge over the river._1_often took some

36、parts away. So Mr White , a farmer of fifty-two, _2_to watch it .He had neither wife nor children and lived in the house _3_the bridge . He worked hard and always got up several times at night. So it was much _4_than before.Once the old man _5_to his sister birthday party. He asked two days leave an

37、d went there. He _6_much that day and fell to sleep as soon as the _7_was over. His sister had to carry him to a room with her husband. At midnight he _8_. He forget where he was and went out to see if the bridge was all right. But he didnt _9_ it. He was surprised and told the police station about

38、it on the _10_.Later on he forgot what _11_ that night and he returned to his house the following afternoon. When he saw the bridge , he_12_ it all. He hurried to ring up the police station again and told them the bridge wasnt _13_.“Its too late , Mr White ,” said the officer . “We _14_ the criminal

39、 (罪犯) last night . The judge sentenced（判决） him to ten years in prison this _15_!”( ) 1. A.Everyboby B. Someboby C. Nobody D. Anybody( ) 2. A. told B. hoped C. was told D. was hoped ( ) 3. A. above B. on C. under D .at an end of ( ) 4.A. safe B. safer C. important D. more important ( ) 5. A. made B .

40、was made C. asked D. was asked( ) 6. A. drank B. smoked C. talked D. played( ) 7. A. class B. lesson C. dinner D. meeting( ) 8. A. woke up B. stood up C. sat down D. lay down( ) 9. A touch B. find C. hear D. build( ) 10. A. letter B. report C. telephone D. exercise( )11. A. happened B. was C. worrie

41、d D. looked ( ) 12 A. saw B. watched C. said D. remembered ( )13. A. broken B. lost C. mended D. hurt ( )14. A. missed B. killed C. knew D. caught( ) 15. A. morning B. evening C. week D. month阅读理解AWhen people talk about air pollution, they usually think of smog, acid rain (酸性雨), and other forms of o

42、utdoor air pollution. But did you know that air pollution also exists inside homes, offices, hotels and other buildings? The air in your home can be 2 to 100 times more polluted than the air outdoors! In fact, some American doctors say that 50% of illnesses have something to do with polluted indoor

43、air. Air pollution influences our health in many ways. Young children and the old often suffer more from air pollution. People with health problems may also suffer more when the air is polluted. Indoor air pollution can harm peoples eyes, nose and throat. Air pollution, both indoor and outdoor, can

44、also lead to lung cancer, heart disease, and even harm to the brain! In the great London fog in 1952, 4,000 people died in a few days because of air pollution! It is said that half a million young kids and women die each year in India because of indoor air pollution!Therere many ways to reduce indoo

45、r air pollution. Here are some of them and see if they can help you：Increase the amount of outdoor air coming indoors and open your windows for 15 to 30 minutes each day. Turn off all the lights and fans when you dont need them. Share your room with others when the air conditioner is running. Dont s

46、moke and try to stop your family members and relatives from smoking. People who smoke are going to have trouble breathing and even die someday. If youre smart, dont ever start. Environment-friendly products, such as water-based paints pollute less and work just as well.1. According to the passage, _

47、is more serious in the writers opinion. A. outdoor air pollution B. indoor air pollutionC. noise pollution D. water pollution2. Air pollution can do harm to peoples _. A. throat B. lung C. brain D. above all3. How many ways does the writer list in the passage?A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 4. W

48、hich is NOT the right way to reduce indoor air pollution?A. Open the windows for fifteen to thirty minutes each day to let the fresh air in. B. Turn off the light when you dont need them. C. Dont smoke and stop others from smoking. D. Dont use water-based paints because they can pollute air.5. We ca

49、n infer from the passage that _.A. acid rain isnt a form of outdoor air pollutionB. air pollution is not good for peoples health, but it cant cause deathC. we should share the room when we turn on the air conditionerD. environment -friendly products pollute moreBIf you watch the sky about an hour af

50、ter the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they arent really stars. Theyre satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station(ISS). The ISS is the biggest satellites because scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the thi