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1、中考英语总复习-形容词副词用法专题精讲 形容词-考查重点中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级,比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如,its a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。例如,he looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,every
2、thing等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。例如,would you like something hot to drink? 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。例如,how long is the river? its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;例如,the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的
3、;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (误)7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的 english-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的;man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的;ten-year-old十岁的。二、多个形容词修
4、饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)出处材料性质类别名词a small round table一张小圆桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a famous american medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好
5、的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如,its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dan
6、gerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如,its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如,glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。im
7、 very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。副词-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too,also,either等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly
8、程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor,疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如,1.we shou
9、ld listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.he is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3.“what happened?”I asked,rather angrily.“发生什么事情了?”我相当生气地问。4. in spring ,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”例如,he had already left wh
10、en i called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?i havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末例如:has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?(表示很惊讶)3.so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,例如,my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上
11、他。he is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.例如,he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词4.also,too,as well与either 的区别also,as
12、well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。例如,my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。i cant speak french. jenny cant speak frenc
13、h,either.我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时sometimes:有时,不时的some time:一段时间some times:几次,几倍. 例如,well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。he stayed in beijing for some time la
14、st year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。i have been to beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。7.now,just与just now的区别now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”. 例如,where does he live now?他现在住哪里?we have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。he was here just now. 他刚才在这里。形容词,副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或e
15、st,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautifu
16、l-most beautiful二、不规则变化一、原级的用法2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,tom runs as fast as mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。tom runs twice as fast as mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+
17、be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,this room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,he doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,的多a little,a bit,一点儿even甚至,still仍然2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,tom is taller th
18、an kate.汤姆比凯特高。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,i got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如,look at the two boys.my brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如,he is getting taller and taller.他变得越来
19、越高了。the flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如,the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,who draws better,jenny or danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹
20、尼?3.最高级常用句型结构(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如,tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。this apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如,i jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数
21、名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如,beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。例如,which country is the largest,china,brazil or canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如,which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜
22、欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?-例题剖析1 i have_to do today.a.anything importantb.something importantc.important nothingd.important something答案b形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除c、d,句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”,表示肯定用something。2 is chemistry more difficult than physics?no,chemistry isnt as_as physics.a.easyb.difficultc.easierd.moredifficult
23、答案b(not)asas中应接形容词原级,结合上句“化学没有物理难”,故b是正确的。3.beijing is becoming_and_.a.more beautiful,moreb.beautiful,beautifulc.more,more beautifuld.more beautiful,more beautiful答案c比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越”,多音节的形容词“more and more+形容词”。4._ children there are in a family,_their life will be.a.the less,the betterb.the fewer
24、,the betterc.fewer,richerd.more,poorer答案bthe+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越越”,由句意得知“家里孩子越少,生活会越好”。children是可数名词,应用few来修饰。5.the experiment was _ easier than we had expected.a.moreb.muchmorec.muchd.moremuch答案c much可修饰比较级,easier本身已是比较级,不能再用more.6 oct 15th was one of _ days in 2003.the shenzhou-v was sent up successf
25、ully.a.excitingb.more excitingc.the most excitingd.much exciting答案c根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选c。7.its seven oclock in the afternoon,but they are _ having a meeting.aalreadyb.stillc.yetd.ever答案bstill意为“仍旧,仍然”,这句话的意思是:现在已经是下午七点,他们仍旧在开会。8.remember not to speak _ when we are in the reading room.a.fastb.sl
26、owlyc.politelyd.loudly答案d“在阅览室里不要大声说话”,副词loudly修饰动词speak.9.“_ has this food store been in business?”“since 2001.”a.how longb.how oftenc.how oldd.how soon答案a“since+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”,表示一段时间,故选“how long”.10.what was the weather like yesterday?it was terrible.it rained so _ that people could _ go out
27、.a.hardlyhardb.hardlyhardlyc.hardhardlyd.hardhard答案crain在句中是动词,作谓语,后面用副词修饰,hard作副词,是“猛烈地”的意思,hardly是“几乎不”的意思。-同步练习1.what a _ cough!you seem_ill.a.terrible,terriblyb.terribly,terriblec.terrible,terribled.terribly,terribly2.i feel even_now.a.badb.wellc.worsed.worst3.she was very happy. she ran_of all
28、the runners.a.fastestb.the quickestc.slowestd.quickly4.keep quiet,please.its_noisy here.a.many toob.too manyc.much tood.too much5.have you _ spoken to a foreigner?no,_.a.already,neverb.ever,neverc.yet,alreadyd.ever,ever6.he is taller than_in his class.a.any boyb.anyc.any other boyd.some other boys7.
29、ill go and visit you _ next week.a.sometimeb.sometimesc.some timesd.some time8.the car is running_.it seems to be flying.a.more and fasterb.more and fastc.fast and fastd.faster and faster9.english is as _ as chinese.you should learn it well.a.importantb.more importantc.the most importantd.much more important10.music is not so useful as science.its _ useful than sci
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