八年级下学期语法

1、语法专题Module 1简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。一. 五种基本句型：1 主语系动词表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.2 主语不及物动词（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.3 主语及物动词宾语（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.4 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语及物动词直接宾语间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.5 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The goo

2、d news made us happy.二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。6 He likes music very much.7 The soup tastes salty.8 She works very hard.9 My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.10. My father bought me a computer.Module 2宾语从句：以一个句子作为宾语的复合句。一. 宾语从句的时态：主句从句一般现在时要根据具体情况选择所需要的时态 He says that he is going to the c

3、inema.一般过去时相应的过去时态 He said that he couldnt finish the work on time.一般过去时客观真理或自然现象时，从句用一般现在时态The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.二. 宾语从句的语序：陈述句的语序。三. 宾语从句的引导词：陈述句that (在口语中可省去) He says. He likes painting.- He says (that) he likes painting.一般疑问句if / whether Is he American? He asked

4、- He asked if / whether he was American.特殊疑问句疑问词 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how) Where is the cinema? I dont know - I dont know where the cinema is.四. 练习：把下列句子改为宾语从句。1. The story is very interesting. (he said)2. What did you say? ( I didnt hear)3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)4

5、. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)5. Has she seen the film? (I dont know)6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)7. He is playing computer games. (he says)8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)Module 3动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing） 有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“

6、计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接to do的动词有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。二. 接-ing的动词有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一样

7、），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一样）等。四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Would you like _ (have) a cup of tea?2. Im very tired, lets stop _ (have) a rest.3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldnt remember _ (smile) at me.4. He wants _ (buy) a new bike.5. You must keep _ (practice) _ (speak) Englis

8、h every day.6. Have you finished _ (read) the book?7. I decide _ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8. My sister enjoys _ (listen) to music.9. He learnt _ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed _ (buy) me a computer.11. I forgot _ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate _ (lose).13. The teacher i

9、s coming, we stop _. (talk)14. We tried _ (finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused _ (play) during the final practice.16. He offers _ (help) me with the work.17. She cant afford _ (buy) a dictionary.18. I hope _ (go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked _ (play) the computer game on my fathers computer.20. He

10、 started _ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5一. 由if引导的条件状语从句 (如果.)1. 句子结构主句 + if从句. If从句, 主句.2. 时态变化主句从句一般将来时will wont一般现在时 v. dont + v.v.-s doesnt + v.启使句 v. Dont + v.e.g.:If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.= If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very hap

11、py.= If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.= =She should , or 二. 感叹句 (多.啊!)1. What + a/an/. + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)! (+ 从句)e.g.: clean classroom it ! honest kid Tom ! terrible news this ! fantastic concerts they ! funny place we went yesterday!2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be! How +

12、 adv. + 主语 + v.! How + adj./adv. + 从句!e.g.: 改写上面的句子. Module 6一、词汇：词汇表，重点考察名词、动词、形容词 （黑体、* 为掌握；其它为理解）二、语法：1. 直接引语和间接引语：1) 一般现在时陈述句的转述。 2) 一般疑问句的转述。 3) 祈使句的转述。（多以句型的形式考查，ask sb (not）to do,tell sb (not) to do, advise sb to do)学生学过了宾语从句， 理解这部分内容不会太难。中考要求也是从考查宾语从句的角度考查（语序、时态）。该部分内容主要应用于阅读或听力理解之中。但有些变化需要记

13、住。高中时这部分知识还要学习。 2. 状语从句: 1) 时间状语从句 when, while, before, after, as soon as, until 2) 原因（because）、目的 (so that)、结果 (so)、程度结果（sothat）让步（although）状语从句 3. would表想象的用法， 在作文中要尝试使用。 4. 时间表达法（年月-写法和读法）以及与之搭配的介词。三. 阅读： 题材：影评，描述度假，节假日介绍（不同国家文化差异），Heroes，My holiday体裁：记叙文四. 写作： 1. Write a passage about one of you

14、r holidays. 2. Write about the festival.3. Write about your hero. 4. Write about your perfect holiday.Module 6语法：直接引语和间接引语词汇：1.miss her parents, 2.have some close friends, 3.explain, 4. make friends, 5.be worried about sb, 6.look after sb, 7.be proud of sb, 8.believe, 9.plenty of, 10.in my opinion,

15、11.but except for that,句型：1.I advise you to go and see it. 2.Thank you for your help.Module 7语法：直接引语和间接引语词汇：1.hear sb doing, 2.shout at sb, 3.make plans to do sth, 4.do some more practice, 5.find out句型：1.Lets walk around the lake.(翻译) 2.It was wrong to pull leaves.3.She told me to look after myself.

16、 4.Why dont we go to one of.写作：Write a passage about one of your holidays. (when, where to spend, what you did, your feeling)Module 8语法：状语从句：时间状语从句 when, while, before, after, as soon as, until词汇：1.take a vacation, 2.depend on, 3.get together for a special meal, 4.go out for a walk, 5.have plans for

17、 , 6.have one day off , 7.help out more at home, 8.work harder at school, 9.promise to follow my resolutions, 10.be lazy with my homework, 11.tidy up句型：1.Do you do anything special?2.We also go back to school as soon as the May Day holiday is over.3.I wont spend much time playing video games.连词、过渡词的

18、使用 and, so, but, because, first, next, and then, finally写作：Write about the festival (time, what to do, you wish, (your resolutions).Pay attention to using these words: As soon as, while, when, until.Module 9语法：原因（because）、目的 (so that)、结果 (so)、程度结果（sothat）让步（although）状语从句词汇：1.look forward to, 2.in or

19、der to, 3.thousands of , 4.have problems with sb.句型：1.Sally is really good at the violin. 2.She did it so that Kylie could avoid problems with her parents. 3.The teacher asked what was really wrong with Sally. 4.He worked very hard without stopping to rest.写作：Write about your hero. Introduce your he

20、ro and where she/he came from.Say what he/she did.Say why he/she was so important for you. ( your opinion)Module 10语法：would表想象的用法，时间表达法（年月-写法和读法）以及与之搭配的介词。词汇：your flight number, have a safe trip, stay in touch, go away on business, depend too much on，句型：Something would go wrong with the plane.You could go by boat although it would take so long that youd need to come back immediately. As soon as I leave home, Ill learn to cook.They dont learn any life skills until they go to college.Chinese teenagers have so much homework that they dont hav