高中英语阅读理解科普环保练习题及解析

1、高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。和DA、B、C1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 After a morning hike in the Saneum HealingForest, 46-year-old firefighter Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers. He is one of 40 firefighters ta

2、king part in a three-day program, the aim of which is to offer orest healing (森林治愈); the firefighters all have posttraumatic stress disorder (创伤后 ).应激障碍 Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans-many of whom suffer from work stress, dig

3、ital addiction, and great academic pressure have accepted the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. There is increasing evidence that being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer, it seems. According to Li

4、sa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it. We dont think of being outdoors as a way to increase happiness, says Nisbet. We think other things will, like shopping or TV. But South K

5、orea is starting to challenge this opinion. So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? Being surrounded by nature has one obvious effect: It calms us and reduces our stress levels. This has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rates. Another experiment conducted by psy

6、chologist Stephen Kaplan found that people who took a 50-minute walk in a park had better attention and short-term memory than those who took a walk along a city street. Perhaps whats more surprising is that nature may also make us more creative. David Strayer, a psychologist at the University of Ut

7、ah, showed as much with a group of participants, who performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking. In fact, we may never know exactly what nature does to the brain. Something mysterious will always remain, and maybe thats as it should be. W

8、hat is Kang Byoung-wook doing? 1）（ A.Getting lost in nature. B.Building up his strength. C.Trying to control a forest fire. D.Helping firefighters under stress. What does Lisa Nisbet think of being outdoors? 2（） A.It is overlooked by people. B.It has nothing to do with happiness. C.South Koreans sho

9、w great interest in it. D.We need more evidence for its benefits. What benefit of nature did Stephen Kaplan find? ）3（ A.It affects peoples feelings. B.It lowers the risks of diseases. C.It helps improve mental performance. D.It does more good than physical exercise. What would be the best title for

10、the text? ）（4 A.Your life in forests B.Your brain on nature C.The future of forest healing D.The benefits of a stress-free life A）（1【答案】 A）（2 C）（3 B 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈 起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices

11、yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers.”可知，Kang Byoung- 。Awook正在接受森林治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer 和 evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it”以及第四段中L

12、isa Nisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然 。的重要性，户外活动少了。故选A （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“had better attention and short-term memory ”可知，Stephen Kaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高 。C了大脑的工作效率。故选 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效 。BB项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选率和减缓压力方面的益处，故 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础

13、上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 犇犇阅读理解2 While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be aught by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human-li

14、ke robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the students desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come. The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is

15、 assigned to teach Vectors a free program for Auckland elementary schools.Be sustainable with energy Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may hav

16、e, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed. Nikhil Ravishankar be

17、lieves that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost- ducational experience in the future.”effective, rich, e The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success th

18、us far. Ravishankar says, What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention. However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time so

19、on. What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland? 1）（ A. A digital teacher taught them. B. They first saw something digital. D. They could get close to smartphone screen.C. This was the start of a new school year. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction? 2）（ B. It can use

20、 microphone.A. It can smile back. D. It can change if necessary.C. It can talk any topic for free. Whats Ravishankars attitude to Wills replacing Human educators soon? ）（3 A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving. What might be the best title for the passage? ）（4 A. New High-tech Cont

21、ributes to Education B. The Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom. C. The Worlds First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students D. New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms A）（1【答案】 D）（2 D3）（ B 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲 授能源可持续发展。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They became the worlds

22、 first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。由此可知，特 。A殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。故选 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students attention, but also allows the programs developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.”即“ 这种双向互动不仅

23、有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以 。做出变化。故选D“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will ）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的3（ is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内 。代替人类教育工作者。故选D （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“While the start of a new school year is always e

24、xciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the worlds first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。之后文章就此展开，由此可 。最符合本文的标题。故选B推断出he Worlds First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom 【点评】本题考点涉及

25、细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 犇犇阅读理解3 Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adult

26、s, it becomes enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the

27、significant noisesthe phonemes (音素) of a languageeach cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution

28、 of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. Wed rather think of language as product of our thought rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both. Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known

29、 as labiodentals (唇齿音)those such as f and vthat are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that

30、 farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for the

31、m to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers Moggs) say ather.(unless theyre Rees Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively huma

32、n is both material and spiritual: speech must combine sound and meaning, and the meaning cant exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes

33、 our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to exp

34、ress. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far ).味觉beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate ( Compared with adults, babies could more easily . ）（1 A. create significant noises B. classify the forms

35、of noises C. understand the Greek language D. distinguish meaningful sounds According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language? ）（2 A. Lips and teeth. B. Jobs and habits. C. Age and regions. D. Food and thinking. is . v and （3）The reason for farmers making sounds of A. enjo

36、ying more cooked foods B. biting more with front teeth C. constantly chewing harder foods D. growing up with lager lower jaws By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal . 4）（ A. jaws help shape our thought B. food determines our thought C. diet has some influence on language D. language c

37、onsists of sound and meaning D1）【答案】 （ D2）（ A3）（ C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发晜和癜音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的 语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。:结合 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around the

38、m and group them into a language.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出 。周围的重要声音，故选D （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关the product of th

39、ought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。 。D故选 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The argument goes that famers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农 。A音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选癜和晜民们发 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Wed rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teet

40、h. In reality, though, any given language must be both.”可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素的影响。以及文 。C章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。 4犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. Stocky

41、, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving Bumpy tubercles on top of head Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and

42、 underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped 270-400 olive baleen plates Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Brydes, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropi

43、cal breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females g

44、ive birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as f

45、ish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a hump back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales. Protection status: Reco

46、vering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales? ）（1 A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin. B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 m

47、etres. C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized. D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this articles description of humpback whales migration? A. They need warmer waters to breed. B. They cant sur

48、vive in extreme cold. C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters. D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters. This article is mainly intended to . 3）（ A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters C. pop

49、ularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species C） （1【答案】 A）（2 C ）（3【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何 繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。 （1）考查推理判断 。根据第四个小点后的一段Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and u

50、nderside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual 敲潣湧瑩潩屮可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的 。C白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga)

51、 and summer Antarctic feeding areas. 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方 。A繁殖，故选 （3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并 。项符合题意，故选C对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考 生根据上下文的

52、逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 犇犇阅读理解5 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surpr

53、ising results appear in .Reportsthe journal Scientific Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic co

54、lor is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or som

55、e butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridescence also shows up

56、in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals. The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isnt a new one. The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an a