选修八 重点短语句型

1、.Book 8 Unit 1 A land of diversityPart 1 课文知识点归纳；.1. have the distinction of 有与众不同之处2. live on 继续存在（生存）3. by means of 用办法，借助4. in addition (to) 除之外，加之5. fight against 与作斗争6. declare war on / upon 对宣战7. in the early1800s 在19世纪初8. in and around 内外，以内及周边9. make a life 习惯新的生活、工作方式等10. by the time 到时为止11

2、. of ones own 属于自己的12. keep up 沿袭，保持，坚持13. back to back 背靠背14. team up with 与合作或一起工作15. mark out 划线， 标出界限16. take in 包括(含)，吸收(引)，理解，了解17. a great / good many 许多18. apply for 申请，请求19. consist of 由组成20. be shaped like 形状像21. draw a distinction betweenand 把.和区分开来22. be on holiday 在休假23. give ones love

3、/regards to sb.代向某人问好24. make comments / about /on/ upon sth. 对发表评论25. go exploring 去探险26. be exhausted 筋疲力尽的27. a tourist area 旅游区28. take ferry to 渡船到29. feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事30. have a good view of 把尽收眼底31. rather than 而不是32. grasp the opportunity of 抓住的机会33. a two-way activity 一次互动的活动34. the

4、 Immigration Service 移民局35. due to 由于，因为36. a credit card 信用卡37. further ones studies 进修， 深造38. be responsible for 对负责39. be controversy over / about 对争议40. without doubt 毫无疑问41. take over 接任，接收42. react to 对作出反应；.句型: 1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least

5、fifteen thousand years ago. 然而， 可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。 It is likely that.句型中的It为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们相信，过不了多久，国籍间相混的

6、程度将非常大, 以至于不再有大的种族和文化团体，而仅仅是一个多种种族和文化的混合体。 It is said / believed / thought / supposed / guessed / reported / hoped / expected / concluded / announced / arranged that 后接主语从句构成常用句型，it 为形式主语。 (1). 据说多喝纯净水有益健康. _ (2). 众所周知, 光的传播速度比声音快. _ (3). 据报道一个人在没有水的条件下可以生存70多个小时. _3. ., it was the building of the r

7、ailway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s 但是，大批量的移民却在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来加利福尼亚的。 本句为强调结构，即“It is/ was.that.”。4. It didnt occur to me that there would be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. 我没想到在我度假的时候会有一个盛大的庆祝活动。 sth. occur

8、to sb. (主意或想法等突然)浮现在脑中, 某人想起 It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事It occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想起 辨析: occur, happen, take place, break outBook 8 Unit 2 CloningPart 1 课文知识点归纳；.1. share with sb 与某人分享2. make a copy of 复制; 做一份的副本3. all the time 始终; 一直4. quantities of 大量的a quantity of5. research on/ into 对进

9、行调查研究6. undertake a task 承担任务7. pay off 偿清; 得到回报 pay back 偿还;报复 pay for 支付的费用;付钱购买 pay down 付现款; 即时支付8. be removed from 从被移除9. on the one hand on the other hand 一方面 另一方面10. cast down 沮丧; 不愉快 拓展: cast aside cast off cast out cast away11. be appropriate to / for 对适合12. raise objections 引起反对 object to

10、反对; 对表示反感have no objection to不反对; 对无异议13. have a great impact on 对产生极大影响14. attain ones ambition 实现某人的野心15. forbid sb. to do 禁止做. forbid doing forbid sb. from doing sth. 16. end in failure 以失败告终17. compared with/to 与相比较（常放句首作状语）18. own sb. sth. 欠某人某物 own sth. to sth. 把归因于19. bother sb. with sth. 某人因

11、某事困扰20. strikeinto ones heart 使刻骨铭心21. experiment with 用做实验22. from time to time 有时23. bring back to life 使重生, 复活24. in vain 徒劳无功; 枉费心机25. be based on 基于26. differ from sb / sth 和某人/某物不同 differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 和某人在某事上意见分歧27. be bound to 一定; 有义；.句型: 1. Then came the disturbing news th

12、at Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。1). 本句中news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位关系.2). 本句是一个倒装句, 当表示方位、方式、时间的副词或介词短语置于句首时, 句子要完全倒装。2. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. 当园艺师从生长的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，克隆就发生了。 It happenswhen 意为“当 时这就会发生”。

13、e.g. The virus of the flu is spreading quickly. It happens when there are infected cases in a crowd. 流感病毒正在迅速传播。当人群中有感染病例时就会发生。3. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain 虽然现在作为克隆研究所需要的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获取， 不定式跟在表语形容词后，且形容词表示主语的特征，此时不定式常主动表被动。4. Div

14、ersity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.种群中的多样性意为着具有以不同方式排列基因的动物。 with their genes arranged in different ways是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在句中作animal的后置定语。Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsPart 1 课文知识点归纳；.1. decide on sth. 决定做2. call up 给打电话, 使人回忆起 拓展: call for ca

15、ll oncall in call back3. in the countryside 在乡下4. on the telephone 通过电话5. now and then 偶尔，有时6. get / be rid of 去除 ridof 除去, 摆脱7. distinguish myself by. 通过来表现自己8. set about doing 开始做 set out to do 开始做9. with caution 小心谨慎10. bend down 弯腰11. in the expectation that 期望12. seize the opportunity 抓住机会13. g

16、et recognition for 为取得认可14. the patent office 专利局15. in addition (to) 另外16. fill in / out the form 填表格17. a matter of 的一件事18. in comfort 舒适19. exchange with 把换成20. manage to do 努力做21. in a mess 乱成一团22. lead to doing 导致23. the famous saying 名言24. beaten track 常规, 惯例25. dive into 迅速把收伸入, 一心投入26. be wo

17、rth doing 值得做 Its worthwhile to do be worthy of doing 27. apply to sb. for sth 向申请.28. at a time 一次29. be aware of 意识到.30. search for 寻找.31. associate with 把和联系起来32. hang on = hold on 不挂断, 紧紧握住33. out of order 次序颠倒 in order 井然有序, 处于正常状态34. get through打电话设法联系上,做完,通过35. ring back 回电话ring off 挂断电话；.句型:

18、 1. They seemed to have made their home here. 它们好像已经在这安家了。 句型：sb. seem to do It seems that / as if / as though 2. There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes。看来只有杀毒蛇的药粉了。 备注：there seem to be 似乎有，类似的结构还有there happened / appeared / used to be , 3. Only after you have had that recognition c

19、an you say that you are truly an inventor. only + 状语(短语/从句) 置于句首句子需要部分倒装.4. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses. 直到有研究表明你的产品真的与众不同，你才能得到专利。 nor 含有否定意义的副词(never / seldom / hardly / few / little) 放句首要倒装5. It w

20、as this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention.强调句：It is/ was + 强调内容 + that 6. It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. it is / was not untilthat 是一个强调句型Book 8 Unit 4 PygmalionPart 1 课文知识点归纳；.

21、1. be gifted in= have a gift for 有天赋2. be ambitious to do sth. 立志做3. be convinced of sth./ that clause 坚信4. set sb. a task 安排某人一个任务5. pour with rain 大雨倾盆6. in all directions 四面八方7. hide /shelter from rain 避雨8. hesitate to do sth./ hesitate about sth不想做9. hold up 举起, 使耽搁10. (be) of use to sb. 对有用11.

22、take/make notes 作笔记12. take / mistake A for B 把A误当作Bbe mistaken about 把弄错13. in disguise 伪装的14. hand over / take over 移交/接管15. be classified as 把归类为16. make a remark on 就发表评论17. betray oneself 显露出原形18. condemn sb. to sth./ to do sth. 使注定做be condemned to death 被判死刑19. pass sb. off as 冒充成20. make ones

23、 acquaintance = make the acquaintance of sb. 结识21.a handful of 一把, 少量22. in amazement 震惊23. make a fortune 发财24. generally speaking 一般说来25. (be) of a / an / the same / different age(s) / shape(s) / size(s) / colour(s) / kind(s) 属于的26. apart from = besides / except / except for除外27.in terms of 就来说, 从

24、角度28.deep in conversation 深入交谈29.fancy oneself 自命不凡30.the other day 几天前31.once more 再一次32.in need of 需要33.fade out （声音，画面）渐淡34.show sb. in 领进来；.句型: 1. What if I was? 如果我是又怎样呢？ What if + 一般过去时 (1) 如果他不同意该怎么办呢? _ (2) 火车要是晚点会怎么样呢? _2. They betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们

25、句原形毕露。 every time +从句, 名词词组连词化3. Once taught by me, shed become an upper class lady. when, while, before, until, if, unless, once, though + V-ing / v-ed,是状语从句的省略4. While watching, he makes notes. 他一边观察, 一边做笔记. 现在分词作伴随状语Book 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsPart 1 课文知识点归纳；.1. have no alternative but to

26、 do 除之外别无选择2. showaround 领某人参观3. regardless of/ in spite of 不管;不顾4. scareaway 把吓跑5. keep out 阻止进入6. assume sth 假定 assume sb. to be 认为某人是 assume that +从句7. cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毁；粉碎 cut away (from sth.) (从某物上)切除、割掉、砍掉、剪去 cut down （从根基部分）砍倒；缩减；减少 cut in（on sth.） 打断（谈话）；插嘴cut off 中断（通话）；切断的来、去路；隔绝8. the freez

27、ing winter 寒冷的冬天9. removefrom 从除去10. an ample amount of 大量11. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 go ahead 先走；催促；表示许可12. keep warm 保持温暖13. preserve sb./ sth.(from sth.) 保护14. applaud sb./ sth.(for sth.) (因某事)赞赏某人、某事15. arrest sb. for sth 因某事逮捕、拘留某人16. as well as 还有；也17. to ones relief 令某人庆幸的是 relieve sb. of sth 解除某人的（负担、责任等）18. divide sth. between/among sb. 在某人中分配某物 divideinto/by 分成/除19. at most 最多20. care about 关心21. be of significance 有意义22. have affection for 喜爱23. li