牙体牙髓习题集与答案

1、一、 选择题1. 对牙髓最具有破坏性的是A. Nd 激光B. CO2激光 C. 红激光 D. 光固化灯E. 牙髓活力电测定仪2. 感染根管常见的优势菌不包括A. 普氏菌 B. 放线菌 C. G细菌 D. 真杆菌 E. 梭形杆菌3.备洞时易损伤牙髓的因素不包括A. 施力大 B. 用冷却剂 C. 持续常时间钻磨 D. 制备深的窝洞 E. 不用冷却剂 4.与顽固性根尖周病变和窦道经久不愈可能有关的细菌为A. 普氏菌 B. 放线菌 C. G细菌 D. 真杆菌 E. 梭形杆菌5. 判断牙髓活力最可靠的检查方法是A. 热诊B. 冷诊 C. 牙髓活力电测定 D. 试验性备洞 E. X线检查6诊断残髓炎最准确

2、的依据是A. 叩诊B. 牙髓活力测试C. 病史D. 症状E. 探查治疗后根管有痛觉7急性根尖周脓肿最佳的排脓途径A. 从牙周间隙排脓B. 从颊、舌侧粘膜或皮肤排出C. 经根管从龋洞排脓D. 从上颌窦或鼻腔排脓E. 以上都不对 8感染侵入牙髓组织的途径A. 深龋B. 深牙隐裂C. 深牙周袋 D. 重度磨耗E. 以上都有可能9根尖周炎疼痛最剧烈的阶段是A. 粘膜下脓肿期 B. 骨膜下脓肿期C. 浆液期D. 根尖脓肿期 E. 瘘管形成期10上颌第一磨牙的根管形态特点是：cA. 多数是2根管，即1个颊根管和1个腭根管B. 多数是3根管，即1个近颊、1个远颊和1个腭根管C. 多数是4根管，即2个近颊、1

3、个远颊和1个腭根管D. 多数是4根管，即1个近颊、2个远颊和1个腭根管E. 多数是4根管，即1个近颊、1个远颊和2个腭根管1115号标准根管锉的锉尖直径和刃部末端直径分别是：dA. 0.10mm和0.47mmB. 0.10mm和0.45mmC. 0.15mm和0.45mmD. 0.15mm和0.47mmE. 以上都不对12弯曲根管预备的常见并发症是：aA. 根管台阶B. 药物性根尖周炎C. 牙周组织坏死D. 皮下气肿E. 误戏和误咽13根管预备的工作长度是指：dA. 牙的实际长度B. 从牙冠参照点到牙本质牙釉质界C. 从牙冠参照点到解剖根尖孔D. 从牙冠参照点到生理根尖孔E. 从牙冠参照点到距

4、生理根尖孔0.51mm14根管成形的标准是：aA. 根管比原来直径至少扩大3个器械号B. 根尖预备到20号标准器械C. 根管内无大量渗出D. 根管冲洗无混浊液体E. 根管内无严重气味15下列哪一项不是牙髓切断术的潜在并发症：eA. 根髓感染B. 根管钙化C. 内吸收D. 牙髓坏死E. 髓室穿孔16下列哪一项描述不是玻璃离子粘固剂修复术窝洞预备的特点 （）CA. 玻璃离子粘固剂与牙体组织有化学粘接，对固位形的要求可放宽B. 不必作倒凹、鸠尾等固位形C. 去除龋坏牙本质，必须作预防性扩展D. 窝洞的点、线角圆钝E. 洞缘釉质不作斜面17深龋患者激发痛较重，洞底软龋能够彻底去净，治疗方法应选择（ ）

5、CA. 双层垫底，一次完成充填治疗B. 局麻下开髓失活，行牙髓治疗C. 先做安抚治疗，待12周复诊时症状消除后，再以双层垫底充填治疗D. 实行活髓切断术E. 间接盖髓、双层垫底，一次完成充填治疗18临床上不易查出的继发龋可用下列哪些方法帮助诊断（）CA. 探诊B. 温度测验C. X线D. 染色法E. 麻醉法19深龋备洞时，下列哪项措施是错误的（）AA. 洞底平、侧壁直，两相垂直B. 去尽腐质C. 保护牙髓D. 洞缘线圆钝E. 尽量保留健康牙体组织20复合树脂充填后脱落的原因如下，除了（）AA. 制备了固位形B. 牙齿表面未注意清洁C. 酸蚀后的牙面接触唾液D. 未制备洞斜面E. 充填体过薄21

6、下列哪项不是窝洞的基本固位形(B)A. 侧壁固位B. 钉道固位C. 倒凹固位D. 鸠尾固位E. 梯形固位22制备倒凹是为了：(B)A. 获得良好的抗力形B. 获得良好的固位形C. 便于垫底D. 便于充填E. 便于放置盖髓剂23V类洞充填备洞时，要求：(A)A. 适当的固位形B. 严格的抗力形C. 必须做鸠尾D. 口小底大E. 底平壁直24右下颌第一恒磨牙颊面龋洞破坏越过边缘嵴至咬合面窝沟是：(A)A. I 类洞B. II 类洞C. III 类洞D. IV 类洞E. V 类洞25垫底的部位为：(D)A. 仅在髓壁B. 仅在轴壁C. 仅在侧壁D. 仅在髓壁和轴壁E. 任何壁均可垫26下列说法正确的

7、是 BA. 男性患龋率略高于女性B. 龋病流行率主要随社会经济模式而变化C. 龋病流行模式依靠地理环境而改变D. 遗传因素对龋病的发生和发展产生重要的影响E. 环境因素对龋病的发生和发展无影响27釉质龋损害的4个区不包括 A A. 坏死区B. 透明带C. 暗带D. 损害体部E. 釉质表面层28牙本质龋损在光镜下可看到微生物渗透至牙本质小管的区域是 B A. 坏死区B. 感染层C. 牙本质脱矿区D. 硬化区E. 修复性牙本质层29静止龋属于 B A. 急性龋B. 慢性龋C. 继发龋D. 牙釉质龋E. 牙骨质龋30病程进展快，多数牙在短期内同时患龋的急性龋称为 EA. 湿性龋B. 慢性龋C. 干性

8、龋D. 继发龋E. 猛性龋31 Which is the best way of pain control for endodontic treatmentA. Local anestheticsB. DevitalizationC. AnalgesicsD. Occlusal reductionE. Incising and drainage32 Which one is not the reason for use of rubber damA. Protect aspiration or swallowing of instruments or irrigantsB. Eliminate

9、 the dental fear of patientsC. Improve visibilityD. Reduced risk of cross-contamination E. Legal considerations33 The following statements are correct exceptA. Nearly all canals exhibit a certain degree of curvature.B. There may be more than one canals within one root. C. The apical foramen usually

10、opens at the anatomical apex.D. Apical constriction occurs at 0.51mm from the apical foramen.E. Lateral and accessory canals might be the cause of treatment failure.34 Which one is wrong regarding the principle of access cavityAStraight-line accessBConservation of tooth structureCUnroofing of the ch

11、amber and exposure of pulp hornsDFacial surface of anterior teethEOcclusal surface of posterior teeth35 The advantages of gutta-percha as a filling material are A. It is compactible and adapts excellently to the irregularities and contour of the canalB. It is radiopaqueC. It can be easily removed fr

12、om the canal when necessaryD. It can be softened and made plastic by heat or by organic solventsE. All of the above36 Which one is incorrect about the criteria of the root canal is ready to be filled after the completion of root canal cleaning and shaping? A. The tooth is asymptomatic.B. The canal i

13、s wet.C. There is no sinus tract.D. There is no foul odor.E. The temporary filling is intact37 Which one is not the pathways of pulpal and periapical infections? A. Dentinal tubulesB. Pulp exposureC. GingivalD. Periodontal ligamentE. Anachoresis38 Tug-back is achieved and the canal is ready for fill

14、ing A. When the gutta-percha has extended beyond the apexB. When the gutta-percha is easily removed from the root canal C. When the gutta-percha placed to apical constriction exhibits resistance on removalD. After cementationE. None of above 39 Most root canal infections involve A. a single obligate

15、 anaerobic speciesB. multiple anaerobic species onlyC. mixed aerobic and anaerobic microorganismsD. multiple aerobic species onlyE. none of above40 An abnormally shaped tooth that may appear as an extra wide crown, a normal crown with an extra root, or other combinations resulting from the union of

16、two adjacent tooth germs by dentin during development is called A. fused teeth B. concresence of teeth C. geminated teeth D. dilacerations of tooth E. taurodontism41 Which isnt the non-operative treatment of dental caries in the following?A. application of fluorideB. application of APF gelC. reminer

17、alizative therapyD. enameloplasty E. pit and fissure sealing42 Which is not the aim of operative therapy on the dental caries management?A. To remove infected dentine and prohibit cariesB. To protect the pulp and avoid painC. To enhance the strength of the toothD. To facilitate plaque controlE. To r

18、estore the appearance (of teeth) and its function43 Which is the best statement about resistance form A. Resistance form is the design of a cavity in such a way that the remaining tooth substance and the restorative material can withstand masticatory stressB. The bulk required will depend on the fle

19、xural strength of restorative material. In the case of amalgam it is estimated that a minimum of 1.5-2mm thickness of the restorative material is required to withstand masticatory stressC. If a marginal ridge is found to be too weak in the cause of an occlusal cavity preparation, a Class II cavity m

20、ay have to be prepared instead, so as to eliminate the weak marginal ridge. This is particularly indicated where the ridge is only of enamel thickness and unsupported by sound dentineD. The cavity should be designed that the occlusal margins of the cavity are in areas not subjected to excessive occl

21、usal trauma, otherwise the enamel wall of the cavity and/or the margins of the restorative material may fracture. In practice, this may be achieved by placing an occlusal margins of a cavity about one-quarter (1/4) of the intercuspal distance. Note, that efforts should always be made to conserve sou

22、nd tooth tissueE. All of the above44 Which is the most danger area of tooth in dental caries occurred after you have learned dental caries? A. Pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolarsB. Approximal surfaces of all teeth. C. Gingival thirds of all teeth, both on facial and lingua

23、l surfacesD. Pits and fissures near the lingual of maxillary incisors and canines (lingual pits)E. Pits and fissures on the buccal of molars45 Which is not true in the following statement about dental caries and micro-organisms? A. Caries could be induced by specific bacteria, especially mutans stre

24、ptococci-group (eg. Streptococcus mutans and Strep. sobrinus). B. There are caries occurred when only fed a cariogenic (high sucrose) diet. C. In the 60s Keyes infected germ-free animals with known strains of streptococci and found that these organisms were transferred to uninfected litter mates who

25、 then became susceptible to caries. He thus demonstrated that dental caries was potentially infectious and transmissible.D. When talking about cariogenic microorganisms, we often refer to Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces.E. Occlusal caries could be prevented using penicillin in an

26、imal study.46 The advantages glass-ionomer cement includeA. high adhesion propertiesB. low abrasion properties C. use as a permanent restoration D. reduction in caries due to fluoride releasing properties E. all of the above47 Which one of the statements is error in retentive pin placementA. be avoi

27、ded bifurcation and trifurcation areas B. parallel to the external surface of the toothC. many pin holes be better placed in different planes D. the length of pin in dentine should be longer than that of in restoration E. be in the hardest dentine48 The reasons of spontaneous pain after tooth fillin

28、g include A. mistakenly judge the condition of pulp B. neglect small pulp exposureC. irritation of materials to pulpD. residual carious dentineE. all of the above49 Which of the following is a contra-indication to endodontic treatmentA. DiabetesB. PregnancyC. HIV-infected patientsD. Patient sufferin

29、g from heart attack within past 6 monthsE. Cancer50 Central cusp is most common in A. maxillary the second premolars B. maxillary the first premolarsC. mandibular the first premolarsD. mandibular the second premolarsE. maxillary the second molars51 Submerged deciduous teeth occurs most common in A.

30、primary maxillary the second molarsB. primary maxillary the first molars C. primary central incisorsD. primary mandibular the second molarsE. primary mandibular the first molars52 In clinical assessment, which is not correct? A. Spontaneous discomfort at night provide a clue as the tooth is inflamed

31、B. Vitalometer tests are very unreliableC. If the tooth is excessively mobile , it may have abnormal root resorptionD. Swelling or with a fistulous tract is indicative of a necrotic pulpE. No pain history affirmed no inflammation 53 If you mechanically expose the mesiobuccal pulp horn on the primary

32、 maxillary first molar .The carious lesion on the mesial and distal surfaces is moderate, the treatment now should be A. Pulp capping with Ca(OH)2; restor with silver amalgamB. Pulpotomy; restored with a stainless steel crownC. Pulpectomy; restored with a stainless steel crownD. Pulp capping with Ca

33、(OH)2; restored with a stainless steel crownE. Extraction and a space maintainer54 The tooth of root fracture should be treated with splint for A. 2-3 weeks B. 1-2weeks C. 3-8 weeks D. 2-3 months E. 1-2 months55 In which situation below the pulp would be exposed? A. Enamel infractionB. Enamel fraciu

34、reC. Enamel-dentin fractureD. Complicated crown fractureE. Uncomplicated crown-root fracture56 We should advocate a routine dental appointment on or before A. the ZERO birthdayB. the first birthdayC. the second birthdayD. the third birthdayE. the six birthday57 The order of susceptibility of the pri

35、mary teeth to carious attack is as follows A. Mandibular primary molar Maxillary primary incisor Maxillary primary molar mandibular primary anterior teethB. Maxillary primary incisor Maxillary primary molar mandibular primary molar mandibular primary anterior teethC. Maxillary primary incisor mandib

36、ular primary molar mandibular primary anterior teeth Maxillary primary molarD. Maxillary primary incisor mandibular primary molar Maxillary primary molar mandibular primary anterior teethE. Maxillary primary incisor mandibular primary anterior teeth mandibular primary molar Maxillary primary molar 5

37、8 A 7 years old boy with bilateral loss of the mandibular primary first and second molars, which of the following may be best A. Band and loop respectively B. Lingual arch C. Removable appliances D. Distal shoe E. None of them59 Clinical features of dental fluorosis do not include A. The lesion symm

38、etrically distributed in the mouth, but not all teeth are equally affected B. The least affected teeth are the incisors and first permanent molarsC. Changes from fine white opaque lines running across the tooth on all parts of the enamel to features where parts of the chalky white and porous outer e

39、namel become detached and discoloredD. The loss of surface enamel in the severest cases results in a loss of anatomical form of the teethE. Well-demarcated borders lesion along incremental line 60 For intrusive luxation of teeth, the most common complication is A. Pulp necrosisB. OsteitisC. Root res

40、orptionD. Alveolar process resorptionE. All of above二、 名词解释a) acquired pellicleb) resistance formc) indirect pulp cappingd) retrograde pilpitise) 自发痛和激发痛f) Dentine hypersensitivityg) Smear layerh) Pulpotomy i) Initial apical filej) Dental plaque三、 简答题简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素简述深龋的治疗特点简述深龋的治疗特点简述窝洞的基本固位形简述牙隐裂的病因

41、What is the sequelae of root fractures ? Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation.What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?What are the properties of the Cariogenic Bacteria?四、 问答题详述窝洞的结构及窝洞预备的基本原则结构引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是什么？根尖周脓肿与急性牙周脓肿的鉴别要点Please discuss the purpose of root canal

42、preparation and the procedures of Step-down technique.Explain the indications and types of pulp treatment for primary and young permanent teeth.State The Principles Of Cavity Preparation on Amalgam Restoration.答案一、选择题1CCBBD6ECEBC11DADAE16CCCAA21BBAAD26BABBE31BCDE B36CCCAD41DCEAB46EDEDA51DEBDD56BDCEA

43、二、名词解释1. acquired pellicle唾液蛋白或糖蛋白吸附至牙面所形成的生物膜称获得性膜。2. resistance form修复体和余留牙结构获得足够抗力，在承受合力时不折裂的形状称抗力形。3. indirect pulp capping(P91)用具有消炎和促进牙髓牙本质修复反应的制剂覆盖于洞底，促进软化牙本质再矿化和修复性牙本质形成，从而全部生活牙髓的方法叫间接盖髓术。4. retrograde pulpitis逆行性牙髓炎：感染来源于深牙周袋，通过根尖孔或测副根管逆行入牙髓，引起跟部牙髓的慢性炎症。5. 自发痛和激发痛自发痛是指患牙在未受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。激发痛是指

44、患牙受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。6.Dentine HypersensitivityDentine hypersensitivity is a form of hypersensitivity caused by the effect of thermal, tactile, osmotic or chemical stimuli on exposed dentine.7.smear layerCutting or abrading the hard tissues with rotary and hand instruments produces a little chips or parti

45、cles which attached to the tooth surface produce the smear layer8. PulpotomyIt is indicated for carious or mechanical exposures in primary teeth and to induce root closures in the young permanent dentition9.initial apical fileThe first file that binds in the canal at WL .10.dental plaqueAn adherent

46、deposits of bacteria and their products, which is not mineralized and forms on all tooth, denture restorations surfaces. It is not an accident accumulation of bacteria but develops in a sequence of steps.三、简答题1. 简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素1） 药物种类2） 根管的直径3） 冲洗的液体量4） 病变情况5） 根管内玷污层2. 简述深龋的治疗特点1） 停止龋病发展，促进牙髓的防御性反应2）

47、保护牙髓3） 正确判断牙髓状况4） 治疗方法：垫底充填，安抚治疗，间接盖髓术3. 简述窝洞的基本固位形侧壁固位到凹固位鸠尾固位梯形固位举例4简述牙隐裂的病因1）牙结构的薄弱环节是隐裂牙发生的易感因素2）牙尖斜度愈大，所产生的水平分力愈大3）创伤性合力5. What is the sequelae of root fractures ? Healing with calcified tissue Healing with interproximal connective tissue Healing with interproximal bone and connective tissue In

48、terproximal inflammatory tissue without healing6.Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation. Gross debridement Frequency and volume of irrigant Intracanal placement of delivery needle Elimination of microbes Dissolution of pulp remnants Removal of the smear layer Lubricating instr

49、ument7. What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?Allowing the tooth to remain in the mouth in a nonpathologic stateMaintenance of arch length and tooth spaceRestoration of comfort with the ability to chewPrevention of speech abnormalities and abnormal habits8.What are the properties of the Cari

50、ogenic Bacteria? Acidogenic: they are able to produce acid rapidly from fermentable carbohydrates. Aciduric: They thrive under acid conditions.Adherent: Able to adhere to the tooth surface because of their ability to synthesize sticky extracelluar polysaccharides from dietary sugars.四、问答题1. 详述窝洞的结构及

51、窝洞预备的基本原则结构1） 洞壁：测壁，髓壁（轴壁）2） 洞角：线角，点角，轴髓线角3） 洞缘：洞缘角4） 抗力形：洞深，盒状洞形，阶梯结构，窝洞的外形，去除无基釉和避免形成无基釉，薄壁弱尖的处理5） 固位形：侧壁固位，倒凹固位，鸠尾固位，梯形固位原则1） 去净龋坏组织2） 保护牙髓组织3） 尽量保留健康牙体组织2. 引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是什么？ 引起假阳性反应的原因探头或电极接触了大面积的金属修复体或牙龈，使电流流向了牙周组织；未充分隔湿或干燥受试牙，以至电流泄漏至牙周；液化性坏死的牙髓有可能传导电流至根尖周，当电流调节到最大刻度时，患者可能会缓慢抬手示意；患者过度紧张和焦虑，以致在探

52、头刚接触牙面或被问知感受时即抬手。引起假阴性反应的原因患者事先用过镇痛剂、麻醉剂或酒精饮料等，使之不能正常地感知电刺激；探头或电极未能有效地接触釉质，以致妨碍了电流到达牙髓；根尖尚未发育完全的新萌出牙，其牙髓通常对电刺激无反应；根管内过度钙化的牙，其牙髓对电刺激通常无反应，常见于一些老年患牙；刚受到外伤的患牙可能对电刺激无反应。3根尖周脓肿与急性牙周脓肿的鉴别要点 急性根尖周脓肿急性牙周脓肿感染来源感染根管牙周袋病史较长期牙体缺损史牙痛史牙髓治疗史长期牙周炎史牙体情况深龋洞近髓的非龋疾病修复体一般无牙体疾病牙髓活力多无多有牙周袋无深，迂回曲折脓肿部位靠近根尖部中心位于龈颊沟附近较近牙龈炎脓肿范

53、围较弥漫局限于牙周袋壁疼痛程度重相对较轻牙松动度相对轻，病愈后牙恢复稳固明显，消肿后仍很松动叩痛很重相对较轻X片无明显异常表现，若患牙为慢性根尖周炎急性发作者，根尖周牙槽骨显现透射影像牙槽骨脊破坏，可有骨下袋病程相对较长，脓液自根尖周向外排除的时间约需56天相对较短，一般34天可自溃4.State The Principles Of Cavity Preparation.1) Removal Of Dental CariesA. Hard standard B. Stained standard2) Protect pulpA. Use sharp instrumentB. Cold the

54、operating tooth by waterC. Discontinuity cutting or shapingD. Never press to the pulpE. Anatomy acknowledges3) Cavity preparation is as conservative as possibleA. Cavity preparation is as conservative as possible B. Cavity size and shape are dictated mainly by the extent of the carious lesion. C. The cavosurface only extend to the sound dental tissues ,not for prevention4) Establishing resistance and retention formA. Resistance form is the design of a cavity in such a way that the remaining tooth substance and the restorative ma