Lesson 4 Love is a Fallacy PPT

1、Unit 5 Love is Fallacy,- By Max Shulman,Aims,To have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic. To appreciate the humor in the story. To analyze the structure of the story To appreciate the language,Teaching Contents,Special terms in logic Detailed study of the text Organizational pattern The chief at

2、traction of the story Language features Exercises,Time allocation,Terms in logic (15 min.) Detailed study of the text (210 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.) Exercise (25 min.),II Background Knowledge,1. Max Shulman (March 14, 1919August 28, 1988) a writer in the earl

3、y 40s as one of Americas best-known humorists. Lots of his novels were adapted to the screen.,1. Max Shulman,.Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis, a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst(担忧）. The character appeared on a popular television sitco

4、m （situation comedy) during the 50s and was in a feature film in 1953. The text is from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies which was a popular TV play.,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies,Charles Lamb (1775-1834),English essayist and critic who is now best known for his Essa

5、ys of Elia (1823,1833). He collaborated with his sister Mary in adapting Shakespeares plays into stories for children. Tales from Shakespeare Specimens of English Dramatic Poets,Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881),English author, Scottish writer He influenced social thinking about the new industrial working

6、 class through his essay Chartism and his book “The Present and the Past”. He is best known for his epic history of “The French Revolution”( 1837 )and his lectures “On Heroes and Hero-Workshop” (1841),Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881),He produced Sartor Resartus (裁缝）1833-34, the book in which he first dev

7、eloped his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled Sardonic (scornful 挖苦的) attack upon the shams(欺骗） and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed.,Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881),Carlyle developed a peculiar

8、 style of his own which was called - “Carlyese” “Carlylism”卡莱尔风格 Style - a compound of biblical phrases colloquialisms Teutonic （条顿的，日尔曼的）twists his own coining arranged in unexpected sequences.,John Ruskin - (1819-1900),English critic and social theorist a writer on art and architecture In his late

9、r writings he attacked social and economic problems Modern Painters The Stones of Venice The Seven Lamps of Architecture Time and Tide,John Ruskin - (1819-1900),Positive program for social reforms: Sesame and Lilies （芝麻和百合） The Crown of Wild Olive The King of the Golden River,Background Knowledge,2.

10、 Logical Fallacy An argument in logic presents evidence in support of some thesis or conclusion. An argument has two components: a conclusion, the thesis argued for; and certain premises（前提）, the considerations adduced（引用） on behalf of the conclusion.,2. Logical Fallacy,The conclusion is said to be

11、drawn, or inferred, from the premises. An argument is deductively valid（演绎的有效性） when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion. An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid; it is said to be fallacious.,2. Logical Fallacy,Fallacies are divided into eight groups: 1.D

12、icto Simpliciter (绝对判断)(Para. 66) 2. Hasty Generalization (草率结论)(Para. 72) 3. Post Hoc (牵强附会) )(Para.77) 4. Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提）（Para.83） 5. Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)（Para.96） 6. False Analogy (错误类比) 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Facts(与事实相反的假设）（Para.103） 8. Poisoning the Well (井下放毒)(Para. 112),Dic

13、ta Simpliciter（绝对判断）,Everyone wants to get married someday. - The example starts a logical train of thought with an assumption that is false. Not everyone wants to get married.,Hasty Generalization（草率结论）,Mr Wangs handwriting is terrible. Mr. Hus handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible

14、 mens handwriting is . - It applies a special case to general rule. That fact that certain persons handwriting is bad doesnt imply that all mens handwriting is bad.,Post hoc, ergo propter hoc （牵强附会）,“After this, therefore because of this The last five times that Ive worn my white pants, something de

15、pressing has happened. Im not going to wear those pants again! - This fallacy assumes that if event Y happened after event X, then X must be the cause of Y.,False Analogy（错误类比）,High school should not require a freshman writing course . Harvard doesnt require a freshman writing course, and the studen

16、ts get along fine without it. - The analogy is false because the two items dont have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.,Ad misericordian (an appeal to pity) (文不对题),Look at this fourteen-year-old child whos run away from home to hide her shame- pr

17、egnant, unwashed, friendless. penniless, at the mercy of our social service agencies. Can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?,Ad misericordian (an appeal to pity) (文不对题),- In this shifty approach to argumentation, the writer gives tear jerking descriptions of the cruel opponen

18、ts victims in order to arouse sympathy from the reader.,Pre-reading Questions,1) How do you understand the title of the text? 2）What is his purpose of writing this essay? 3) Whats the theme of this story?,Pre-reading questions,2) How do you understand the title of the text? The title of the story “L

19、ove is a fallacy” has two meanings . When “fallacy” is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means “ there is a deceptive or delusive quality about love”. When taken as a specific term in logic, the title means “ love can not be deduced from a set of given premises”,Title,Fallacy: a false or mistak

20、en idea It is a fallacy to suppose that riches always bring happiness. Love is a fallacy: 1. There is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. 2. Love is an error, a deception that does not fellow the principle of love. The title is humorous and well-chosen.,2.What is his purpose of writing this

21、essay?,He compared logic to a living thing ( a human being). Logic is not at all a dry learned branch of learning. It is like a living human being, full of beauty, passion and painful emotional shocks.,3) Whats the theme of this story?,Racoon and Racoon Coat,III. Organizational Pattern,4 sections Se

22、ct. I (first three sentences) It is the authors note. 1. The authors idea about this story. 2. The authors idea about the purpose of this story.,Authors note,1) His own idea about his own essay. From his point of view, his essay is sth limp, spongy. It is very informal. 2) His own idea about the pur

23、pose of that essay. It is not a dry branch of learning , but like a human being.,IV. Organizational Pattern,Sect II （ para. 1 56） （Act 1) the bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl,IV. Organizational Pattern,sub-divisions: 1) p1 introduction of the narrator -

24、protagonist 2) p4-18 introduction of the first antagonist - Petey Burch He downgrades his roommate, who has nothing upstairs. 3) p19 - 24 introduction of he second antagonist - Polly Espy,Characters in the Play,Actors: 1. Dobie: a law school student very young clever over-conceited - cool, logical,

25、keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, powerful, precise, penetrating 2. Petey Burch - pitiful, dumb, roommate, faddist,Character in the Play,Actress: Polly Espy - beautiful, gracious, stupid,IV. Organizational Pattern,4) p 25-37 sounding out / finding out the relationship between Petey an

26、d Polly. 5) p.38 -56 unethical transaction over Polly The student gives the raccoon coat the roommate wants, and his roommate gives his girl friend in return. They have a kind of deal.,IV. Organizational Pattern,Sect III. para 57 121 (Act 2 start; esp. to talk or ask questions 开始谈话或提问(Para. 122) e.g

27、. “I have some question.” “Fire away.”,IV language Points,7. hammer away (at) : to keep emphasizing or talking about一再强调 e.g. He kept hammering away at his demand for a public inquiry 8. month of Sundays : (colloq)long time很久，很长的时间,VII Role-play,Four Acts Four groups perform the story. Actors: 1. a

28、law school student very young clever over-conceited - cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, powerful, precise, penetrating 2. Petey Burch - pitiful, dump, roommate, faddist Actress: Polly Espy - beautiful, gracious, stupid,3) Whats the theme of this story?,3. The theme of t

29、he story is stated by the writer in the title of the story. Perhaps Max Shulman wants the reader, after reading the story, to conclude that love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. But the writer, through this story has succeeded perhaps unwittingly(

30、不经意的） in revealing what love may sometimes mean in the affluent society. Girls do not want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands, but want husbands who are rich and wealthy enough to provide all the wealthy things necessary for keeping up with the joneses（炫富）-home , clothes, cars, (big mansions, fa

31、mous brand cars,etc.),The main idea of this lesson:,It is about a law student who tries to marry the girl after suitable re-education, but hes been too clever for his own good. The narrator, Dobie Gillis, a freshman in a law school, is the protagonist,VII Role-play,Five Scenes Five groups perform th

32、e story. Actors: 1. a law school student very young clever over-conceited - cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, powerful, precise, penetrating 2. Petey Burch - pitiful, dump, roommate, faddist Actress: Polly Espy - beautiful, gracious, stupid,Pay attention to the change o

33、f his emotions:,1. favoring her with a smile 2. chuckled with amusement 3. chuckled with somewhat less amusement 4. forcing a smile/ ground my teeth 5. croaked, dashed perspiration from my brow 6. bellowing like a bull,V. The chief attraction of this lesson,Its humor The whole story is a piece of li

34、ght, humorous satire, satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school.,V. the chief attraction of this lesson,Why : 1) the title The title is humorous. The writer wants the readers to conclude that love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.,

35、V. the chief attraction of this lesson,2) the authors note spongy, limp, flaccid are specific characteristics of his essay. He is joking, which indicates that the whole story is humorous. 3) the contrast - the law student and Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education.The c

36、limax of the story is reached in paras 147-150 when Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch. The denouement follows rapidly and ends on a very ironic note.,The summary of the story,This text is a piece of narrative writing, a story.

37、 The narrator of the story, Dobie Gill is a freshman in a law school, is the hero or protagonist. He struggles against two antagonist: Petey Burch, his roommate whose girl friend he plans to steal; and Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education. Dobie tried very hard to per

38、susde Petey to exchange a raccoon coat with his girl. Then Dobie had several dates with Polly, with the view to educate her to meet the requirements for an ideal wife.,The summary of the story,The story reached its climax when Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she had already prom

39、ised to go steady with Petey Burch, simply because Petey owned a raccoon coat, a coat that all fashionable people on campus were wearing. The raccoon coat which he gave to Petey Burch for the privilege of dating his girl. The story ends with a very ironic tone.,Exercise VII,1. Fashion is the prevail

40、ing custom in dress manners, speech, etc. of a particular place or time, especially as established by the dominant section of society or the leaders in the fields of art, literature, etc. Fad stresses the impulsive enthusiasm with which a fashion is taken up for a short time.,Exercise VII,2. Incredu

41、lous shows a persons unwillingness or inability to believe. Incredible generally describes something that is too unusual or impossible to be possible something unbelievable,Exercise VII,3. Passion usually implies a strong emotion that has an overpowering or compelling effect, connoting specially sexual love or intense anger. Eagerness implies great enthusiasm, zeal, or sometimes impatience in the desire for or pursuit of something.,Exercise VII,4. Feeling, when unqualified in the context, refers to any of the subjecti