新版Book-III-Uniit-2读写教案

1、Unit Two Section A Iron and the Effects of ExerciseSection B Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?I. Objectives1. Reading: distinguishing between facts and opinions2. Writing: a short composition starting with a result or an effect which is followed by causes to explain how the result or the effec

2、t comes about.3. Translating: developing translation skills II. Important Points1. Word Power: 1) Learning words and expressions related to exercises and nutrition, e.g. Words: moderate, evidence, consume, restrict, remedy, calculate, typically, modify, respectively, derive, indicate; Phrases: bounc

3、e back, sum up, up to, at risk, go to zero, go up, out of breath, derive from, take in, tip over the edge, interfere with 2) Word building: n + adj. e.g. child-bearing, iron-rich, health-conscious2. Grammar: 1) Appositive 2) Absolute structure III. Difficult Points1. Relation between exercises and i

4、ron 2. Remedy to iron deficiency 3. Absolute structureIV. Teaching MethodsExplaining, classroom discussion, listening and skill-practicingV. Teaching MaterialsBlackboard, multi-media facilities, audio-visual equipment, CAI teaching plansSection A: Iron and the Effects of ExerciseStep 1A Brief Introd

5、uction to the Text As is well known, iron is extremely important for our human body. We must be worried about whether we have iron deficiencies and how we can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem. For those who enjoy exercise, can exercise contribute to iron loss? After going thr

6、ough the text, we can get some surprising answers to the questions mentioned above. And also we can get some constructive suggestions which must be helpful for us to prevent iron deficiency.Step 21. Background information and questions1) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise is a multidiscipli

7、nary journal featuring original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital ex

8、change of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.2) Purdue University is a coeducational, state-assisted university in Indiana, US. Founded in 1869 and named after benefactor John Purdue, the university is one of the nations leading research institu

9、tions with a reputation for excellent and affordable education. 3) Digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouthy, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands th

10、at produce juices to help digest food. Q1: Do you like sports?Q2: What benefits can you get from sports?Q3: Do you go in for physical exercises regularly?Q4: Is there any side-effect/ negative effects that exercises bring about?Q5: What advice can you give on physical exercise (art of exercising)? A

11、s is known to all, life lies in exercise. Whatever form of exercises you take, you can reap a lot from it as long as you persist in it. In general, exercises can bring you benefits as follows:(1) Proper exercises can stimulate the flow of our blood, thus bettering our whole health condition.(2) Regu

12、lar exercises can improve the speed with which our brains react to what is going on around us(3) Good and progressive exercise can help set up in ourselves ambition for success as well as balance of mind.Just as every coin has two sides, however, exercises can bring us harm. If you are normally inac

13、tive, and then prompted by a sudden impulse, start a big program of intense exercises, there are more chances that you have yourself injured. In addition, for those who go on a fat-reducing diet, the more exercises they take, the greater loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health condi

14、tion will get. And the worst of all, continual and excessive exercises are more likely to result in sudden death. Thus how to go in for sports is something worth more of our concern. The form of exercises you choose may change with your age instead of fashion. When I was in teens and twenties, I was

15、 fond of playing balls; when I was middle-aged, I turned my interest to table-tennis, and now I am addicted to tai-chi, an exercise suitable to the senior. Here are insights gleaned from my own experience in physical exercises:(1) Before you take any exercises, you must have a clear idea of what kin

16、d of exercises is good for your health as well as suitable for your physical condition.(2) Once you start your program of exercises, both progressiveness and regularity become two key ingredient in your smooth implementation of the program.(3) With the amount of the exercises increase, you should ad

17、d more iron-rich food to your daily diet.Certain nutrients, such as vitamin C, help to boost the potency of the iron by enhancing its absorption. So eating high-iron foods with, for example, a glass of orange juice increases the amount of iron the body can use. The iron from meat sources is the best

18、-absorbed form, so a little goes a long way. This list of iron-rich foods runs from more absorbable to less: All types of liver Beef Venison Oysters Sardines Turkey Chicken Cod2. A challenge to your knowledge of iron 1). Everyone needs iron to grow and stay healthy. It is found in many parts of the

19、body. Choose one thing iron works in your body: a. It helps your fingernails stay smooth.b. It helps to carry oxygen from lungs to cells.c. It helps your hair stay healthy.d. It helps to strengthen your muscles. The answer is B. Iron carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. Iron als

20、o builds red blood cells. Without enough iron, you may feel tired and have trouble concentrating.2). Everyone requires a different amount of dietary iron to stay healthy. Which of the groups below needs the most iron each day? a. infants,7-12 months oldb. teen girls,14-18 years oldc. men,19-50 years

21、 oldd. women,19- 50 years oldThe answer is D. Women 1950 years old need more iron than any other age groups. Women need the most iron because they lose varying amounts during the menstruation. 3). You may be iron deficient if you are a woman and _.a. have a long menstrual periodb. donate blood often

22、c. dont eat meat, fish or poultryd. all of the aboveThe answer is D (all of the above). Blood loss of any kind and not eating meat, fish or poultry may lead to iron deficiency. 4). There are two types of iron. One is heme(亚铁血红素), which is easily absorbed by the body; and the other is non-heme, which

23、 is not as well absorbed. Choose one food that contains heme iron.a. bran flakes； b. beef hamburger c. eggs d. red kidney beansThe answer is B. Heme iron is found in all meat, fish and poultry. Non-heme iron, which is not so well absorbed, can be found in foods such as nuts, beans, cereals and eggs.

24、 5). Meat, fish and poultry contain different amounts of heme iron. Choose the food withthe most heme iron. a. salmon teak； b. beef tenderloin； c. chicken breast； d. pork tenderloinThe answer is B. Redder or darker meats tend to have more heme iron. For example, chicken legs (dark meat) have more he

25、me iron than chicken breast (light meat). 6). You may be iron deficient if you _. a. often feel tired； b. look palec. have difficulty concentrating； d. all of the above The answer is D (all of the above). Symptoms of iron deficiency may include: looking pale, feeling tired, having trouble concentrat

26、ing, feeling out of breath, not having enough energy, and feeling irritable. 7). The amount of non-heme iron you absorb is affected by other foods. Choose one food that increases the absorption of non-heme iron. a. oranges； b. whole grain breads； c. yoghurt； d. teaThe answer is A (oranges).Oranges a

27、re a good source of vitamin C, which can increase the amount of non-heme iron absorbed by up to four times. Meat, fish and poultry can also increase the absorption of non-heme iron. Substances in tea and coffee can lower the amount of non-heme iron your body can use. 8). People who do not eat meat,

28、fish or poultry need to _. a) eat foods enriched or fortified with iron b) have vitamin C-rich foods with their mealsc) avoid tea and coffee during their mealsd) do all of the above The answer is D (all of the above). Meat, fish or poultry and vitamin C-rich foods increase the absorption of non-heme

29、 iron in the diet. People who mostly have non-heme iron each day, need to consume more iron to meet their bodies need. 9). How much boiled spinach would you need to eat to equal the iron available in a serving of sirloin steak? a. 1cup/ 250ml； b. 2cups/ 500ml； c. 3cups/ 750ml； The answer is B. You n

30、eed to have two cups of spinach to equal the amount of iron absorbed from a 90 gram serving of beef sirloin. 10). A good way to maintain a healthy level of iron in the body is to _. a. eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals oftenb. enjoy a variety of meat dishes on a regular basisc. include vitamin C-

31、rich vegetables in your mealsd. do all of theseThe answer is D (all of the above). Step 3Guidance on Understanding the Whole TextMain idea of the text Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces serious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, acti

32、ve women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem.Part I (Paras.1-3) Problem = Central topic + Supporting details: Central topic: Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of w

33、omen.Supporting details: A new study is cited to support the topic. Three groups of people are mentioned as suffering from iron deficiency: Endurance athletes (Para. 1), women starters of a program of moderate exercise (Para. 2), and new exercisers with the normal diet (Para. 3).Part II (Para. 4-6)

34、Effect & causes:Effect: Iron deficiency is very common among women Para. 4 General reasons for womens iron loss are listed. (Refer to P45)Para. 5 The average woman takes in only 2/3 of the recommended daily allowance for iron. (Specific Reason One)Para. 6 Iron can be lost through a variety of mechan

35、isms. (Specific Reason Two)Part III (Para. 7-12) More effects + Solutions: There are 3 stages of iron deficiency, so be health-conscious, check the amount of iron storage in the blood in time and correct your iron deficiency by adding more iron to diet. Para. 7-8 Explain three stages of iron deficie

36、ncy. Para. 9 Recommend one way to check the amount of iron storage in the blood and suggest a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves for some people.Para. 10-12 Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency: 1. Add more iron-rich foods to the diet (Para. 10). 2. Select food with “iron-added” lab

37、els, cook food in iron pans and avoid coffee or tea with meals. (Para. 11) 3. Pay attention to warning signs of iron deficiency. (Para. 12)Summary of Section A:It is not infrequent for the bodies of endurance athletes to be deficient in iron. In particular, female athletes often have this problem. E

38、ven _ (moderate) exercise can cause the problem. A study indicated that formerly _ (inactive) women showed a _ (decrease) in iron levels. Iron deficiency _ (affects) many women, including exercising women, health-_ (conscious) women, etc. There are _ (3) stages of iron deficiency. However, most peop

39、le with low iron _ (reserves) dont know they have a deficiency. So its advisable for people to have a _ (yearly) blood test. In addition, people are suggested to _ (modify) their diet or take _ (supplements) such as adding more _ (iron-rich) foods.Step 4Details of the text A. Word Using1. endurance:

40、 (n) the ability to continue with an unpleasant or difficult situation, experience, or activity over a long period of timeThe exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance. a runner with great endurance; beyond/past endurance 超出可以忍受的限度2. moderate: (a) of middle degree, power, of rateTen yea

41、rs of working enabled him to buy a house of moderate size.At the time of the accident, the car was travelling at a moderate speed.3. supplement (n) additions1) mineral supplement; protein supplement; 补剂2) Did you read the special supplement to this financial magazine? 增刊4. respectively: (ad) each se

42、parately in the order mentionedThe nurses and the miners received pay rises of 8% and 12% respectively.同根词respective: 各自的; 分别的respectful: 恭敬的; 表示尊重的（对待某人/某物）respectable: 体面的；正确的；值得尊敬的Blank Filling: respective, respectful, respectable They listened in _ silence. (respectful)He was born in a _ family.

43、 (respectable)We went to visit our _ mothers. (respective)5. plus conj. / prep. (L18) furthermore or additionally: I am too busy, plus I am short of cash. (另外) and; also: Three plus six is nine.6. bounce back: return to the normal and healthy state of feeling or activity-We lost two or three early g

44、ames in the World Cup, but we bounced back. 赢回来-He is young exough to bounce back from this disappointment.恢复过来7. up to: as far as; to and includingUp to 2000 jobs are still at risk. 仍有失业危险的人多达2000。Every one works, up to the President and down to the boy who sweeps the floor.8. take in: allow air dr

45、ink or food to enter ones body, by breathing or swallowing.The wounded soldier was so weak that he could hardly take in even liquid9. restrict: (v) keep within limit; keep to a certain limit As the campus is small, there is a need to restrict the number of students.限制The first step to giving up smok

46、ing is to restrict oneself to two cigarettes a day10. be liable to: likely 倾向于，易于He is liable to shout when angry. Be liable to do sth.The boy is liable to bad colds. Be liable to sth. 11. allowance: (n) an amount of sth. provided regularly or allowed in particular circumstances There is no enough a

47、llowance for the ship to pass. 回旋余地Most of our flights have a baggage allowance of 20kg per passenger. 限额a basic grain allowance 定量12. tip sb. over the edge (L25): make someone so unhappy that they cannot deal with their life or a situation any longerBecause of financial crisis, many companies were

48、tipped over the edge of bankruptcy. 由于经济危机，许多公司处于破产的边缘。Too much pressure tipped her over the edge of breakdown. 过多的压力使她处于崩溃的边缘。13. digestive digestive funtionsThis oil is very good for regulating digestive disorders. 消化不良14. advisableIn dthe pattern “It is advisable that”, subjunctive mood should be

49、 used in the “that” clause, e.g. It is advisable that Tom be assigned the job. 15. physician: a doctor, esp. one who treats diseases with medicinessurgeon, a doctor who perform operation16. modify: (vt) change sth. slightly to improve it; describe/limit the meaning of a wordThese plans must be modif

50、ied to the benefits of the students.修改Adjectives modify nouns.修饰17. undo: (v) remove the effects of; unfasten, untieShe knew it would be difficult to undo the damage that had been done.消除If he won, he would undo everything I have fought for. 毁掉He undid the parcel/two buttons of his white shirt. 解开Th

51、e picture on the wall came undone. 掉下18. derive from(L66): obtain from; come from obtain (especially a feeling or an advantage) from He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others. come fromThe town derives its name from the river on which it was built.近形词: deprive : take away

52、 from 剥削，夺去deprive sb./sth. of sth.19Interfere with /interfere in interfere in sth. 指别人未请而自己主动参与 interfere with sth. 指阻碍事情发生 The noise interferes with my work.干扰 I never interfere in his affairs. 干涉20. remedy: (L74) correct or improve a situation; v. Efforts to remedy this fault must begin right awa

53、y. a solution to a problem; a cure for pain or minor illness n.Warmth is the best remedy for a cold. B. English Equivalents of Chinese1. 导致血缺铁 to lead to reduced iron in the blood2. 四分之一女孩one in/out of four female teenagers 3. 吸收蛋白质 to take in protein4. 危险最大 to be at greatest risk 5. 导致铁离子流失 to resu

54、lt in iron loss 6. 妨碍；干扰to interfere with 7. 气喘吁吁to be out of breath 8. 解决问题to undo the problem 9. 想呕吐a feeling of wanting to throw up 10. 弥补不足to remedy the deficiency 11. 恢复; 振作起来： to bounce back 12. 高达; 直到; 胜任: up to 13. 为了 : in an effort to (do sth.)14. 耗尽; 用完; 为零: to go to zero15. 增加: to add to1

55、6. 含铁丰富/加铁的食品iron-rich food; iron-added food; food with fortified iron17. 缺铁iron deficiency/iron loss18. 育龄女性women of child-bearing age 19. 铁离子储量iron reserve/ store20. 血蛋白分子molecules of blood proteinC. Structures1. appositive （同位语）& appositive clause （同位语从句）1) appositive: Mr. Howe, my favorite profe

56、ssor, has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.2) appositive clause: I have no idea when he will come. （由wh- 疑问词引导）Any proposals that Jack should be dismissed must be resisted.（由连词that 引导）注一：常带同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, answer, conclusion, decision, explanation, information, opinion, promise, report，truth等。注二：解释同位语从句与定语从句的区别。Please refer to Exercise VIII, P.41 for more information about the construction.2. Absolute Structur