英语句子的五种基本结构

1、英语句子的五种基本结构主+谓 (S+V)不及物动词（vi.=intransitive verb）作谓语，其后不接补语（complement）或宾语(object),但可接状语（adverbial）说明谓语动词之动作的时间、地点、方式等。主语也可有修饰语（adjunct）-定语(attribute)。The red sun rise in the east.主+谓+宾（S+V+O）及物动词（vt.=transitive verb）作谓语，其后接直接宾语（direct object）,即受谓语动词动作影响的人或事物，有被动语态。在S+V+O的句式中谓语动词必须是vt. vt. + adv.,名词作

2、宾语可前可后，不定代词作宾语在中间。 vt. + n.+prep.其后接名词或代词作宾语，例如：pay attention to, make fun of, make use of , take care of, take part in, take pride in. vt.+ object clauses vt.+ the composite structure of the gerund (动名词的复合结构) vi.+ prep. 宾语只能在prep.之后They carried out the plan successfully.The nurse will take good car

3、e of your father.I dont know where he comes from.I dont remember his giving me a hand. Ive never thought of it.主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO)此结构中的谓语动词为及物动词或短语，其后接直接（sb.）和间接（sth.）两个宾语，可有两种被动语态的变化。S + V + sth. + to + sb.结构的双宾语。例如：offer, allow, bring, give, hand, lend, owe, show, teach, tell, passS + V + sth. +

4、for + sb.结构的双宾语。例如：buy, choose, fetch, prepare, order, save, sing, spare, win, earnI owe you my success in my career.= I owe my success to you.Can you spare my five minutes? = Can you spare five minutes for me?主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+OC）此结构中的谓语动词为及物动词或短语，补足语可以为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式。此句式变为被动语态后，其中的宾补改称为主补（SC）。We

5、made/chose him captain of our football team. = He was made/chosen captain of our football team.主+系+表（S+V+P）此结构中谓语动词为系动词（copula）无被动语态，也无进行时态。常用的系动词除be动词外，还有感官动词，变化动词（become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run）,延续保持类动词（remain/keep/seem/hold/stay）,好像类动词（seem/appear/prove）Their plan proved impractical.Whether we

6、can settle the problem remains unknown.一、主谓结构The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out.该句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（vi.=intransitive verb）,所以不能接宾语或补语，也没有被动语态，但可以接修饰成分，修饰主语的的-定语，修饰谓语的-状语。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。练习一 画出下列句子的成分。1. In the last ten years great changes have taken pla

7、ce in my hometown.2. The girls came, dancing and laughing.3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up.4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches.5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me.练习二 翻译句子。1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。2. 昨晚，那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。3. 一些孩子

8、正在操场上高兴的玩耍。4. 会议将在什么时候举行？5. 有多少国家要参加奥运会？二、主谓宾结构They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them.They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them.The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the n

9、urse.练习一 画出下列句子的成分。1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer.3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible.4. I appreciate your coming to our party.5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of

10、 education.练习二 翻译句子。1. 我喜欢做网页。2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。3. 我盼望收到你的来信。4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样的一个好机会。5. 我没有看到他的工作情况,无法评论他的能力。三、主谓宾宾结构They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us.练习一 分析句子的成分，并用to/for 进行句型转换。1. I passed him the salt.2. She cooked us a delicious meal.3.

11、The new machine will save a lot of labour.4. She sang a folk song.5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation.练习二 用主谓宾宾结翻译句子。1. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？2. 那个老人正在给孩子们讲故事。3. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。4. 他把车票给列车员看。5. 他的诚实为他赢得了人们的尊敬。四、主谓宾宾补He painted the wall white. = The wall was painted white.He watched the pi

12、ano carried upstairs. = The piano was watched carried upstairs.They robbed the bank of millions of dollars. = The bank was robbed of millions of dollars.I consider it necessary that we spend more time practising spoken English. = It is considered necessary that we spend more time practising spoken E

13、nglish.练习一 将下列句子变为被动语态。1. The government has warned the villagers of the flood.2. The boss made him work day and night.3. Many people consider it possible for us to master two foreign languages.4. I saw her chatting with Nancy.练习二 翻译句子。1. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。2. 我认为有必要提高我们的社交能力。3. 我们觉得他是个诚实的人。4. 据说他正在国外学习。5. 我们应该禁止人们在公共场合吸烟。五、主系表表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。练习一 画出句子的成分。1. The problem is what to do with the waste water.2. How can the water in the sea stay clean?3. What Id li