轮机英语课件lesson 30.ppt

1、2001-03-25,Lesson 30 Text Watch keeping(值班),2001-03-25,At the beginning of the watch the current operational parameters and the condition of all machinery should be verified and also the log readings should correspond with(be in agreement with) those observed.,2001-03-25,The engineer officer in char

2、ge(on duty) should note if there are any special orders or instructions relating to the operation of the main machinery or auxiliaries. He should determine what work is in progress and any hazards(dangers) or limitations it presents.,2001-03-25,The levels of tanks containing fuel, water, slops, ball

3、ast, etc., should be noted and also the level of the various bilges. The operating mode of equipment and available standby equipment should also be noted.,2001-03-25,At appropriate intervals(e.g. at 30-minute intervals) inspection should be made of the main propulsion plant, auxiliary machinery and

4、steering gear spaces. Any routine adjustments may then be made and malfunctions or breakdowns can be noted, reported and corrected.,2001-03-25,During these tours of inspection bilge level should be noted, piping and systems should be observed for leaks, and local indicating instruments also be obser

5、ved.,2001-03-25,Bridge orders must be promptly(迅速地) carried out and a record of any required changes in speed and direction should be kept. When under standby or maneuvering conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unit or console should be continuously manned.,2001-03-25,Ce

6、rtain watchkeeping duties are necessary for the continuous operation of equipment or plant-the transferring of fuel for instance. In addition to these regular tasks other repair or maintenance tasks may be required of the watchkeeping personnel.,2001-03-25,However no tasks should be undertaken which

7、 will interfere with the supervisory(管理的、监督的) duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment.,2001-03-25,During the watch a log or record will be taken of the various parameters of main and auxiliary equipment. Fuel consumption figures are used to determine the efficiency of operatio

8、n, in addition to providing a check on the available bunker quantities.,2001-03-25,Lubricating oil tank levels to some extent(partly) indicates engine oil consumption. If the sump level were to rise this would indicate water leakage into the oil and an investigation(调查、检查) into (of, on) the cause mu

9、st be made. (carry on/conduct an investigation in/into),2001-03-25,The engine exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder.,2001-03-25,The various temperature and pressure values for the cooling water and lubricating oil should be

10、at, or near to, the manufacturers designed values for the particular speed or fuel lever settings.,2001-03-25,Various parameters for the main engine turbo-blowers are also logged. Since they are high speed turbines the correct supply of lubricating oil is essential. The air cooler should be supplied

11、 with adequate amount of cooling water to ensure efficient combustion.,2001-03-25,Various level and temperature readings are taken of heavy oil tanks, both settling and service, bearings, sea water, etc.,2001-03-25,The operating diesel generators will have their exhaust temperatures, cooling water a

12、nd lubricating oil temperatures and pressures logged in much the same way as for the main engine. (have +宾语+补足语 把怎么样、叫做什么),2001-03-25,Of particular importance will be the log of running hours since this will be the basis for overhauling the machinery.,2001-03-25,Other auxiliary machinery and equipme

13、nt, such as heat exchangers, freshwater generator(evaporator), boiler, air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant will also have appropriate readings taken.,2001-03-25,There will usually be summaries(总结、总计) or daily account tables for heavy oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil and fresh water, which

14、 will be compiled(汇编) at noon.,2001-03-25,The completed log is used to compile a summary sheet(表、单) or abstract(摘要、小计) of information which is returned to the company head office for record purposes.,2001-03-25,Where situations occur in the machine space which may affect the speed, manoeuvrability(机

15、动性能), power supply or other essentials for the safe operation of the ship, the bridge should be informed as soon as possible.,2001-03-25,The engineer in charge should notify the Chief Engineer in the event of any serious occurrence or a situation where he is unsure of the action to take. However, wh

16、ere immediate action is necessary to ensure safety of the ship, its machinery and crew, it must be taken by the engineer in charge.,2001-03-25,At the completion of the watch each member should hand over(交与) to his relief(接班人员), ensuring that he is competent(能胜任的) to take over (接管) and carry out his

17、duties effectively(有效地).,2001-03-25,Reading Materials A.Keeping Watch,2001-03-25,The engine room should always be kept clean and in good order. The exhaust-gases should frequently be watched. They should be almost invisible when the engine operates under full load. A smoky exhaust indicates that the

18、 engine is either overloaded or that the fuel valves are not in proper condition.,2001-03-25,The cylinder exhaust-gas temperatures should be noted and it should be confirmed that the power of the engine is well distributed among the cylinders. The cylinder-jacket outlet-water temperatures should be

19、observed and it should be seen that there are no air-locks. The water level in the fresh-water header tank should be checked.,2001-03-25,If an air-inlet pipe of a starting valve is hotter than the others, the valve should be renewed. Observation should be made of the turbo-blower lubricating-oil tem

20、peratures and pressures, also the exhaust-gas temperatures before and after the turbine.,2001-03-25,It should be confirmed that the amount of fuel oil in the service tank is sufficient during the watch. Open the cocks for draining accumulation of oil in the exhaust manifold at definite intervals.,20

21、01-03-25,The cylinder lubricators should be examined for satisfactory operation. The piston-cooling pipes and the stuffing boxes for the piston rods should be examined for leakage. All the pressures and temperatures indicated by various gauges and thermometers should be regularly observed.,2001-03-2

22、5,The amount of lubricating oil in the drain tank should be checked by sounding. If lubricating oil filters of edgewise(边对边的、沿边的) cleaning type are fitted, the handles should be given a few turns. The sea water temperature should be noted and the temperatures at the lubricating oil and fresh-water c

23、oolers (should be) examined.,2001-03-25,A keen(敏锐的) sense(感觉、判断力) of hearing obtained from practice is important for the engineer, depending on his ears, to detect abnormal happenings in the running gear.,2001-03-25,Before being used, the fuel service tank should be drained of water and residual. If

24、 two tanks are installed, the empty tank should be pumped up directly it is empty.,2001-03-25,The gauges on the fuel oil service tanks should be watched to see that the oil supply to the injection pumps is maintained. The vent cocks on the fuel injection pump lines should be opened frequently to ven

25、t any air that may have accumulated in them.,2001-03-25,During manoeuvres, the fresh-water temperature should be regulated by throttling the sea-water supply to the fresh-water cooler. Beside observing the pressure in the cooling water, regular readings should be taken from the thermometers in the v

26、arious lines and the control valves regulated to maintain even temperatures in all the jackets.,2001-03-25,Special care should be taken to stop leaks of all descriptions, immediately (when) they occur. Vital(重要的) components of the engine should be frequently examined. The crankroom cover should neve

27、r be allowed to open for investigation when the engine is running.,2001-03-25,And it should not be opened until at least fifteen minutes after the engine stops. Lights of high voltage or naked lights(没有灯罩的灯) should never be used.,2001-03-25,B. Watchkeeping Duties At Sea Constant inspection is a prec

28、aution(预防措施) which contributes to(有助于) avoiding trouble and the following routines must be carried out at regular intervals under normal operating conditions:,2001-03-25,(1) Regularly check and record all pressures and temperatures and enter the same in the engine room log. Adherence to(遵守、坚持) diffe

29、rentials in temperature and pressure limits is very important. If a temperature or pressure is in doubt it should be checked against another instument, a rough guess to temperature is by the feel of the hand.,2001-03-25,(2) Due(应有的、适当的) consideration must be given to engine speed and to the conditio

30、ns of the loading of the ship and to the cleanliness of the hull(船体) when performance and records of the engine are being assessed(评定). Shop test reports and instruction manuals are a reliable reference and must be treated as such(同样地).,2001-03-25,All records are important but particular attention m

31、ust be made to turbocharger revolutions, scavenge air receiver pressures and temperatures, and cylinder exhaust gas temperatures. Consideration must be given to the calorific value(热值) of the fuel when assessing the daily fuel consumption.,2001-03-25,(3) Check that the control valves for the cooling

32、 and lubricating systems are set properly. If there is insufficient pressure in any system then the safety device alarm will be accelerated and the engine stopped. All excessive pressure drops must be checked.,2001-03-25,(4) Adjustments must be made to bring any abnormally high or low temperatures t

33、o within the prescribed range but this must be attained gradually. Abrupt(突然的) temperature changes can increase thermal stress and may cause trouble.,2001-03-25,Check the air temperature after the charger air cooler. This temperature should be as low as possible, a high temperature results in less o

34、xygen being available for combustion and increased fuel consumption as well as higher exhaust gas temperatures.,2001-03-25,An ideal temperature differential between the sea water inlet to the air cooler and the air outlet from the cooler is about 17.,2001-03-25,(5) Care must be taken, in climates wi

35、th a high humidity, that the temperature of the scavenge air is, if possible, kept above the dew point(露点), otherwise condensation will form in the air receiver and the drain will require to be cracked(开缝的) open to avoid rust formation.,2001-03-25,When water is apparent in the air receiver then a ch

36、eck must be made to verify whether it is sea water or fresh water; if it is sea water then the cooler is leaking and rectification(修正) is required.,2001-03-25,(6) Drain scavenge space and jacket drains, also piston rod glands if there is an excess leakage of lubricating oil from the gland, then the

37、scraper and sealing rings should be attended(维修) to at the first opportunity.,2001-03-25,(7) Check, and if necessary, adjust the rate of feed of the cylinder lubricators. (8) Check the temperature of the crank case doors by hand. (9) Ensure that the fuel in the daily service tanks has been properly

38、cleaned and that water and sludge have been drained off. Drain sludge from fuel filters and purifiers.,2001-03-25,(10) When burning heavy fuel ensure that there is sufficient heat available to bring the viscosity of the fuel to within the prescribed limits. (11) Ensure that vents from cooling water

39、spaces are kept open to permit air to escape.,2001-03-25,(12) Check the pressure drop across fuel and lubrication oil filters. Turn all manually operated filters and check that automatic filters are operating satisfactorily, drain sludge if necessary. (13) Check the pressure drop across the charge air coolers for both sea and air pressure. (14) Check oil levels in governor and other auxiliary equipment.,2001-03-25,(15) Check all high pressure fuel lines for any