英语考研科技文化-类词汇

1、advanced science 尖端科学scientific invention 科学发明exert a far-reaching impact on对产生深远影响double-edged sword 双刃剑earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变lay a solid foundation for 为打下良好的基础energy crisis 能源危机depletion of resources 能源消耗milestone 里程碑sophisticated equipment 尖端设备technical innovation 科技创新over-commercialized

2、过渡商业化的a heated discussion 热烈的讨论exhaust gas 废气disastrous 灾难性的compared to/with 与相比speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适opposite forces 负面影响potential hazards 潜在危险pose a threat to 对有一种威胁promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展accelerate 加速means of transportation 交通方式transportation tools 交通工具social status 社会地位enviro

3、nmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源make peoples life easier 使人们生活更方便alternative fuel 可替代燃料sustainable development 可持续性发展scientific exploration 科学探索air travel 航空旅行ridiculous 可笑的absurd 荒唐的substitute 取代overcome difficulties 克服困难make progress 取得进步a sense of national pride 民族自豪感unprecedented 前所未有的soaring

4、不断上升的see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展aggravate 使恶化cure-all solution 万能良药 portable 便携的innovative 创新的cutting-edge 尖端的cost-effective 性价比高的augment/enhance/boost/ efficiency/productivity提高生产效率be addicted to/be obsessed with 对着迷/上瘾technological progress/advances科技进步be accessible to容易获得的with the advent o

5、f 随着的到来pay a heavy price for sth. 为付出惨痛的代价accumulated earnings 积累收益 a circular economy 循环经济 a convenient method of payment 方便的付款方式 an economic boom 经济兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession) 经济萎缩 an economic takeoff 经济起飞 anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施 assets depreciation range 资产折旧幅度 balance the tw

6、o-way trade 保持双边贸易的平衡 bonded/free trade area 保税区 bonded warehouse 保税仓库 bottleneck restrictions 瓶颈制约 break regional blockades and trade monopolies 打破地区封锁和待业垄断 capital market 资本市场 cargo handling capacity 货物吞吐量 commission/brokerage 佣金 commodity economy 商品经济 confessional/favorable terms 优惠条件 cost and be

7、nefit analysis 成本收益分析 cost-of-living index 生活费指数 cross-border takeover 跨国并购 currency depreciation/appreciation 通货贬值/升值 current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表 current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失 current debt ratio 流动负债比率 current fund employment rate 流动资金占有率 current liability 流动负债 current tangib

8、le assets 有形流动资产 domestic funds 国内配套资金 earning capacity 盈利能力 E-commerce/E-business 电子商务 economic aggregate 经济总量 economic efficiency 经济效益 economic growth point 经济增长点 economic indicators 经济指标 economic measure 经济手段 economic strength 经济实力 economy of scale 规模经济 efficiency in operation 经营效率 emerging marke

9、t economy 新兴市场经济 equity capital transaction 产权资本转让 equity earnings 参股收益；股本盈利 equity investment 股本投资 equity ownership 资本所有权 excessive consumption 超前消费 export-oriented/outward-looking economy外向型经济extensive/intensive operation 粗放/集约经营 fair trading practice 公平贸易行为 financing channels 融资渠道 fixed-assets ac

10、counting 固定资产核算 fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 创汇型企业 foreign exchange market 外汇市场 foreign investment in actual use 实际利用外资 general retail price index 社会零售物价总指数 generous pension and healthcare plans 优厚的养老金和医疗卫生保障green power 财力；金钱 gross foreign export

11、value 外贸出口总额 gross output value of industry 工业总产值guidance plan 指导性计划 2-hour economic zone 两小时经济圈 import/export quota 进出口配额 in a period of transition 在过渡时期 income tax return 所得税申报表 income to net worth ratio 净值收益率 industrial policy 产业政策 industrial redeployment/relocation 产业转移 inflation-proof bank savi

12、ngs 保值储蓄 investment in fixed assets 固定资产投资 investment portfolio 投资组合 invisible trade 无形贸易 ironclad job protection 铁饭碗 knowledge economy 知识经济 letters patent/certificate of patent 专利证书 low-profit era 微利时代 macro-economic control 宏观调控 maintenance of value 保值 majority shareholding 占有多数股权 managerial decis

13、ion-making process 管理决策程序 managerial know-how 管理专门知识 mandatory plan 指令性计划 margins desired 期望的毛利 market demand price 市场需求价格 marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道 market regulation 市场调节 market value method 市价法 medium-sized enterprise 中型企业 merchandise inventory 商品库存 mild inflation 温和通货膨胀 negative growth 负增长 non-

14、core business 非主营业务 non-performing loan 不良贷款 outbound/overseas investment 海外投资 petrol chemistry 石油化工 property right market 产权市场 public financing rate 财政 purchasing power parity 购买力平价法 qualitative analysis 定性分析quality guarantee 质量保证 quantitative analysis 定量分析 rate of return on equity 股本收益率 risk inves

15、tment/ venture capital 风险投资 sellers market 卖方市场 social benefits/returns 社会效益 start-up company 新兴企业 state revenue 财政收入 sub-prime crisis 次贷危机 tax reduction and exemption 减免税收 the globalization of capital 资本的全球化 the Great Depression 经济大萧条 The Internet of Things 物联网 the law of demand/supply 需求/供应定律纽约New

16、 York旧金山San Francisco芝加哥Chicago洛杉矶Los Angeles华盛顿Washington D.C.亚特兰大Atlanta(GA)波士顿Boston达拉斯Dallas丹佛Denver休斯敦Houston迈阿密Miami(FL)新奥尔良New Orleans盐湖城Salt Lake City西雅图Seattle底特律Detroit白宫The White House好莱坞Hollywood星光大道Hollywood Walk of Fame迪士尼乐园Disneyland Park金门大桥The Golden Gate Bridge华尔街Wall Street自由女神像Th

17、e Statue of Liberty国会大厦United States Capitol唐人街China town林肯公园Linkoln Park阿拉巴马州Alabama阿拉斯加州Alaska亚利桑那州Arizona阿肯色州Arkansas加利福尼亚州California 科罗拉多州Colorado哥伦比亚特区Columbia康涅狄格州Connecticut特拉华州Delaware佛罗里达州Florida佐治亚州Georgia夏威夷州Hawaii爱达荷州Idaho伊利诺伊州Illinois印弟安纳州Indiana爱荷华州Iowa堪萨斯州Kansas肯塔基州Kentucky路易斯安那州Louis

18、iana缅因州Maine马里兰州Maryland马萨诸塞州Massachusetts密歇根州Michigan明尼苏达州Minnesota密西西比州Mississippi密苏里州Missour蒙大拿州Montana内布拉斯加州Nebraska内华达州Nevada新罕布什尔州New Hampshire新泽西州New Jersey新墨西哥州New Mexico纽约州New York北卡罗来纳州North Carolina北达科他州North Dakota俄亥俄州Ohio俄克拉荷马州Oklahoma俄勒冈州Oregon宾西法尼亚州Pennsyivania罗得岛州Rhode Island南卡罗来纳州So

19、uth Carolina南达科他州South Dakota田纳西州Tennessee得克萨斯州Texas犹他州Utah佛蒙特州Vermont弗吉尼亚州Virgina华盛顿州Washington西弗吉尼亚州West Virginia威斯康星州Wisconsin怀俄明州Wyoming民主党Democratic Party共和党Republican Party公民投票Ballot initiative领头州Bellshepherd state权利法案Bill of rights蓝色州（民主党支持州）Blue state红色州（共和党支持州）Red state讨价还价会议Brokered conven

20、tion燕尾提举力Coattails会后弹升Convention bounce预选会议Caucus众议院House of Representatives (The House)独立选民Independent Registered医疗救助项目Medicaid全国党代表大会National convention参议院Senate大佬党GOP (Grand Old Party),指共和党四、美国经济常用词汇制造业回归To get back to manufacturing 华尔街Wall Street经融危机Financial Crisis次贷危机subprime crisis不景气slump （衰

21、退recession）首次上市IPOs (initial public offering)崩盘collapse上市公司listed company证券交易所stock exchange通货膨胀/紧缩inflation/deflation萧条depression停滞stagnation/standstill不景气，不活跃slackness顺差surplus逆差，赤字deficit总额volume关税壁垒tariff barrier反倾销措施anti-dumping measures首付down payment按揭贷款by mortgage分期付款by installments押金deposit泡

22、沫bubble抑制，控制curb/curtail投机speculation投机商speculator过热overheating调控regulate市场资本总额market capitalization居民储蓄存款residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数Engel coefficient基尼系数Gini coefficient购买力平价法purchasing power parity (PPP)泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济the real economy经济规律laws o

23、f economics信用紧缩credit crunch外汇储备foreign exchange reserves法人股institutional shares内部股（非上市招股）private company shares牛市bull market法律风险legal risk风险管理risk management信用风险credit risk主要经济指标major economic indicators国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product （不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值GNP gross national product（包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值GD

24、P per capita宏观经济macro economy互助基金mutual fund扩大内需expand domestic demand居民心理预期the general publics confidence in the future needs即期消费immediate consumption长期国债long-term treasury bonds国债利息treasury bonds财政赤字和债务deficits and the national debt住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan娱乐性、商务化Entertainment and Commercial

25、ization独立电影Independent film青蜂侠The Green Hornet变形金刚Transformers盗梦空间Inception加勒比海盗Pirates of the Caribbean新年 New Years Day1.1林肯纪念日Lincolns Birthday2.12情人节）Valentines Day2.14万圣节Halloween11.1感恩节Thanksgiving Day11月第四个星期四愚人节April Fools Day4.1独立日Independence Day7.4圣诞节Christmas12.25退伍军人节Veterans Day国旗日Flag

26、Day 6.14华盛顿诞辰日 Washingtons Birthday2.22圣帕特里克节St. Patricks Day 3.17哥伦布日Columbus Day母亲节Mothers Day五月的第二个星期日哈佛大学 Harvard University普林斯顿大学Princeton University耶鲁大学 Yale University哥伦比亚大学Columbia University加州理工学院 California Instituteof Technology麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology斯坦福大学Stanford Univ

27、ersity芝加哥大学University of Chicago宾夕法尼亚大学 University of Pennsylvania杜克大学Duke University达特茅斯学院Dartmouth College全国广播公司NBC National Broadcasting CompanyABCAmerican Broadcasting CompanyCBSColumbia Broadcasting System环球影片公司Universal Picture Co.华纳兄弟影业公司Warner Bros.纽约时报The New York Times华尔街日报The Wall Street

28、Journal時代杂志Time新闻周刊Newsweek美国新闻与世界报道U.S News & World Report西式自助餐western buffet冷餐 buffet沙拉salad家禽 poultry素菜 vegetable dish热小菜appetizers主菜main course全熟well done五分熟medium三分熟 rare芝士开片大明虾Sliced prawn with cheese澳洲鲜贝Australian fresh shellfish芝士焗蘑菇Mushroom braised with cheese奶油蘑菇浓汤Cream of mushroom soup情侣套

29、餐 valentine set脆皮鸡排crispy chicken fillet菲力牛排Sirloin steak快餐食品Fast Food快餐连锁Fast-food chain吸管straws蕃茄酱ketchup泡菜pickles餐巾纸napkins主要快餐食品：烤牛肉Roast beef炸鸡Fried chicken火腿和奶酪Ham and cheese火鸡Turkey三明治Sandwich油炸土豆片ChipsPizzas比萨饼单面煎的鸡蛋fried eggs, sunny side up双面煎的鸡蛋fried eggs, over easyIce-Cream 冰淇淋软饮料Soft Dri

30、nks碳酸饮料carbonated beverages苏打水soda water可口可乐Coca-Cola 百事可乐Pepsi Cola硅谷Silicon Valley英特尔Intel雅虎Yahoo,微软Microsoft戴尔Dell西科公司Cisco苹果公司Apple甲骨文Oracle波音飞机公司Boeing通用汽车General Motors Corporation通用电气GE General Electronics花旗集团Citigroup Inc埃克森美孚Exxon Mobil Corporation福特汽车公司Ford Motor Company美国银行Bank of America

31、JP摩根JP Morgan,沃尔玛Wal-Mart Stores, Inc美洲银行Bank of America通用电气General Electric时代华纳Time Warner埃克森美孚石油EXXCON MOBIL花旗集团 Citi Group美国电报电话公司 AT&T迪斯尼公司Walt Disney Company梦工厂动画DreamWorks Animation SKG,摩托罗拉 Motorolaadvanced science 尖端科学scientific invention 科学发明exert a far-reaching impact on对产生深远影响double-edged

32、 sword 双刃剑earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变lay a solid foundation for 为打下良好的基础energy crisis 能源危机depletion of resources 能源消耗milestone 里程碑sophisticated equipment 尖端设备technical innovation 科技创新over-commercialized 过渡商业化的a heated discussion 热烈的讨论exhaust gas 废气disastrous 灾难性的compared to/with 与相比speedy and comf

33、ortable 既快捷又舒适opposite forces 负面影响potential hazards 潜在危险pose a threat to 对有一种威胁promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展accelerate 加速means of transportation 交通方式transportation tools 交通工具social status 社会地位environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源make peoples life easier 使人们生活更方便alternative fuel 可替代燃料sustai

34、nable development 可持续性发展scientific exploration 科学探索air travel 航空旅行ridiculous 可笑的absurd 荒唐的substitute 取代overcome difficulties 克服困难make progress 取得进步a sense of national pride 民族自豪感unprecedented 前所未有的soaring 不断上升的see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展aggravate 使恶化cure-all solution 万能良药 portable 便携的innovati

35、ve 创新的cutting-edge 尖端的cost-effective 性价比高的augment/boost/ efficiency/productivity提高生产效率be addicted to/be obsessed with 对着迷/上瘾technological progress/advances科技进步be accessible to容易获得的with the advent of 随着的到来pay a heavy price for sth. 为付出惨痛的代价accumulated earnings 积累收益 a circular economy 循环经济 a convenien

36、t method of payment 方便的付款方式 an economic boom 经济兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession) 经济萎缩 an economic takeoff 经济起飞 anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施 assets depreciation range 资产折旧幅度 balance the two-way trade 保持双边贸易的平衡 bonded/free trade area 保税区 bonded warehouse 保税仓库 bottleneck restrictions 瓶颈制约 reg

37、ional blockades 地区封锁trade monopolies 待业垄断 capital market 资本市场 cargo handling capacity 货物吞吐量 commission/brokerage 佣金 commodity economy 商品经济 confessional/favorable terms 优惠条件 cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析 cost-of-living index 生活费指数 cross-border takeover 跨国并购 currency depreciation/appreciation 通货贬值/

38、升值 current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表 current asset losses in suspense待处理流动资产损失 current debt ratio 流动负债比率 current fund employment rate 流动资金占有率 current liability 流动负债 current tangible assets 有形流动资产 domestic funds 国内配套资金 earning capacity 盈利能力 E-commerce/E-business 电子商务 economic aggregate 经济总量 econo

39、mic efficiency 经济效益 economic growth point 经济增长点 economic indicators 经济指标 economic measure 经济手段 economic strength 经济实力 economy of scale 规模经济 efficiency in operation 经营效率 emerging market economy 新兴市场经济 equity capital transaction 产权资本转让 equity earnings 参股收益；股本盈利 equity investment 股本投资 equity ownership

40、资本所有权 excessive consumption 超前消费 export-oriented economy外向型经济extensive/intensive operation 粗放/集约经营 fair trading practice 公平贸易行为 financing channels 融资渠道 fixed-assets accounting 固定资产核算 fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 创汇型企业 foreign exchange market 外汇市场 foreign investment in actual use 实际利用外资 general retail price index 社会零售物价总指数 pension and healthcare plans养老金 医疗保障green power 财力；金钱 gross foreign export value 外贸出口总额 guidance plan 指导性计划 2-hour economic zone 两小时经济圈 import/export quota 进出口配额 in a period