外研版八年级上册-Module4-知识点总结+练习-(无答案)

1、Module 4 Planes, ships and trains1. What happened? 发生了什么？happen是不及物动词，意为“发生”。用法见下表：句型意义例句Sth+happen+地点/时间某地/某时发生了某事What happened last night?Sth+happen to +sb 某人出了某事（常指不好的事情）A car accident happened to him.Sb+happen+to do sth 某人碰巧做某事I happened to meet her in the street .【注意】happen通常指偶然事件的“发生”，其主语不能用表示

2、人的词，而通常由accident或it, what, this, that, something等充当。如果表示事先安排或有准备的事件的发生，则用take place。happen 为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。【中考链接】根据汉语提示完成句子（2018连云港中考）-Have you met Luke recently ?-Yes , I _（碰巧看见他）in the science museum yesterday afternoon .2. But nobody was late ,except me .except 介词： 除之外except表示从所提到的人或事物中除去，即

3、从整体中除去一部分。该词和but用法相似。如：I dont want anything except this one. 除了这个，我什么都不想要。【辨析】except, except for, besides与but易混词（组）区别except意为“除之外”，表示“（从整体中）减去”，前后是同类事物。如：Nobody was late except Mike.除了迈克之外，没有人迟到。except for意为“除之外”，说明了整体的情况之后，对细节加以纠正，前后是不同类事物。如：His composition is very good except for a few grammar mis

4、takes.除了几处语法错误之外，他的作文非常好。besides意为“除了之外（还）”，表示一种累加关系。如：I like history besides English.除了英语之外，我还喜欢历史。but意为“除之外”，侧重整体，常用在nothing, nobody等否定词之后。如：Everyone was there but him.除他之外，大家都在那儿。【短语】except for 还表示“要不是”We would go for a picnic except for the bad weather .要不是这糟糕的天气，我们就去野餐了。【中考链接】（2019淮安模拟）-The Spr

5、ing Festival is coming. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr .Green. Do you know why he didnt go home ?-Sure .Because he was on duty .A. except B. besides C. except for 3. Maybe I should go to school by taxi.或许我应该坐出租车去学校。【点拨】（1）maybe是副词，意为“也许；大概；或许”，与perhaps, probably的意思相同。【辨析】maybe与may be易混词意义与

6、区别例句maybe是副词，意为“也许；或许”，常放在句首Maybe you put the pen in your bag .大概你把钢笔放在包里了。may be为“情态动词+be动词”结构，意为“可能是；也许是”He may be a soldier .他可能是一个军人。（2）by taxi意为“坐出租车”，是“by+交通工具”的结构，用作方式状语。可以和take a taxi 进行替换。He goes to school by taxi = He takes a taxi to school .4. Thats a good choice , but its a bit dangerous

7、 .choice做可数名词，意为“选择”【考点拓展】choice的动词形式为choose，意为选择，选择做某事是choose to do sth 固定搭配：make a choice 做出选择have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择【中考链接】（2018无锡中考）When you have the _ (选择)of being kind ,choose kind.5. He lives farthest from school , so he takes the underground .far 副词表示“远，遥远”，形容词“远的，遥远的”有关far的常用搭

8、配：（1）be far from意为“距离远”。如：Juliets home is quite far from her school. 朱丽叶的家距离她的学校非常远。（2）live far from意为“住得离远”。如：Jerry doesnt live far from his company. 杰瑞住得离他的公司不远。（3）how far意为“多远”，用来对距离进行提问。【延伸】far 的比较级 farther/further，最高级 farthest/furthest 6. Her home is the closest to school ,so she walks .close a

9、dj. 近的；接近的 adv. 接近地【点拨】close作形容词时，指“（空间或时间）近的；亲密的；势均力敌的”；作副词时，意为“接近地；靠近地；紧密地”。【延伸】close to意为“靠近；接近”，指在空间或时间上“接近”。此外，它还可表示“几乎；差不多”。如：She is close to tears. 她几乎要落泪了。be close to 离近 ，其同义词是near ,反义词组为be far from be the closest to 离最近7. the same as 与一样【点拨】the same as意为“与一样”，其反义短语为be different from，意为“与不同”

10、。8. I do not take the bus to school because it is usually very crowded .crowded做形容词，意为“拥挤的”【考点拓展】be crowded with 意为“挤满了”The ticket office is always crowded with people .9. But most of my classmates ride bikes.但是我大部分的同学都骑自行车【辨析】most与most ofmost后直接加名词；most of后加带有修饰词（定冠词、物主代词等）的可数名词复数或直接加代词。如：most stud

11、ents大部分学生most of the students大部分学生most of us我们当中的大多数10. I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam. plan作动词时，意为“计划；打算”。plan to do sth.意为“计划/打算做某事”。plan作名词时，意为“计划”。make a plan for.意为“为制定计划”。【注意】plan的过去式和过去分词都要双写词尾的n，再加-ed，即planned。例：-I plan _Hong Kong this winter vacation .What about you ?-I ca

12、nt decide where _.A. to visit , to go B. visit ,go C. visiting ,going D. to visit , going 11. how long 意为“多长时间”，用来对时间段进行提问【辨析】how long, how soon与how often易混词组意义与区别例句how long意为“多久；多长时间”，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是“（for）.days/ weeks/months/years”等时间段，可用于各种时态How long do you stay in Nanning every year?For three

13、monthshow soon意为“多久”，常用在一般将来时态中，其答语通常是“in+一段时间”How soon can you finish the work?In half an hour.how often意为“多久一次”，用来提问频率，答语通常是always, usually, often, sometimes,once/twice a day/month.How often do you see a film?Once a month.例：（2018乐山中考）-_ do you spend on WeChat every day ,Lily ?-About one and a half

14、 hours .A. How long B. How much C. How soon 12. And it takes you about twelve hours to get there .It takes sb some time to do sth .表示“做某事花费了某人多长的时间”【例题】It took her much time _ English fluently after class .A. practise speakingB. to practise to speakC. practise to speakD. to practise speaking 13. How

15、ever , it will not cost as much as going by train .(1)however 做副词，意为“可是，不过，然而”，放在句首、句中、句末He was tired after the match .However , he was quite proud as a member.赛后他很累，然而，作为比赛一员，他相当自豪。(2)however 还可以作连词连接句中，意为“无论如何，不管怎样”In ones own home ,one can act however one wishes .一个人在自己家里，可以想怎么做就怎么做。13. cost v. 价

16、钱为；花费 n. 价钱；成本；代价（1）cost作动词时，意为“价钱为；（使）花费（金钱、费用）”。主语是物，固定搭配为：sth costs/cost (sb) money 某物花费某人多少钱如：A rose costs two dollars .一支玫瑰花价值两美元。（2）cost作名词时，意为“价钱；成本；代价”。如：The cost of the computer is ￥2,000. 那台电脑的价格是2 000元。14. .but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather. （1）have

17、to意为“必须；不得不”，后接动词原形，其第三人称单数形式为has to，过去式为had to，其各种句式变化借助于助动词do, does或did完成。（2）because of意为“因为”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词。如：He didnt come yesterday because of his illness. 因为生病他昨天没来。【辨析】because of与because易混词（组）区别because of后面加名词、短语because后面加句子如：Because of his illness, the boy did not go to school.因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。H

18、e didnt attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.因为有很多工作要做，所以他没有参加会议。【中考链接】（2018齐齐哈尔中考）-_ finish my work now ?-No ,you _ .You can do it later .A. May, neednt B. Must , dont have to C. Can ,couldnt 语法形容词、副词的最高级的用法三者或三者以上的人或事物相比，要用形容词或副词的最高级1. 形容词、副词的最高级构成有两种方式，单音节词和部分双音节词加后缀est ，多音节和部分双音

19、节形容词和副词前加most，具体见下表：构成方法原级最高级单音节和少数双音节词一般在词尾加estold,quick,new,fast,hardoldest,quickest,newest,fastest,hardest以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词/副词，直接加stnice,fine,wide,close,largenicest,finest,widest,closet,largest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词/副词，改y变i,再加estEarly,friendly,happy ,busy ,easyEarliest ,friendliest,happiest,busiest ,easies

20、t以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词/副词，先双写这个辅音字母，然后再加est Fit ,big ,hot ,thin,fatfittest, biggest, hottest, thinnest,fattest 大部分双音节和多音节词在单词前面加mostPopular，difficult， expensive，quickly，dangerousMost popular，most difficult， most expensive，most quickly， most dangerous2.常见的形容词、副词最高级不规则变化如下原级最高级Good/wellBestBad/ill,b

21、adlyWorstMany/muchMostLittleLeastFar Farthest/furthest3. 形容级、副词最高级的用法形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前面的the可以省略。在含有最高级的句子中，常有一个in/of短语来表示比较范围，如：in my class, in China, of the students, of all等。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three .He works hardest in his class .4. 形容词、副词最高级的特殊用法（1）表示“最之一”的句式，用“one of +the +形容

22、词最高级+名词复数”如：Han Mei is one of the best students in our class .（2）当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，不加定冠词the。如：Monday is my busiest day .（3）当形容词的最高级修饰名词时，其前还可以加序数词。如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the word .（4）“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级，A, B or C?”，用于三者或三者以上的比较。如：Which country is the largest, China, Australi

23、a or Canada?（5）“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+实义动词+最高级，A, B or C?”，用于三者或三者以上比较。Which season do you like best, spring, summer or autumn?（6）形容词最高级或副词的最高级做表语时，其前的定冠词the可以省略。如：Who runs fastest in your class ?5. 最高级和比较级之间的转换“比较级+than any other+单数可数名词”可表示最高级的含义。如：Jack is stronger than any other boy in our class.=Jack is t

24、he strongest boy in our class. 杰克是我们班最强壮的男孩。【注意】形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但若有序数词、物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，则不必再加the。如：This is the most difficult question. （正） 这是最困难的问题。This is most difficult question. （误）Jack is Jims best friend .（正） Jack是Jim的最好的朋友。Jack is Tims the best friend . （误）语法专练：一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Dongting Lake is t

25、he second _(large)fresh water lake in China .2.Were always _(busy)on weekdays and Monday is my _(busy)day .3.Taking trains is _(quick)than taking buses and taking planes is _(quick).4.Yuan Longping is one of the _(great )people that have ever lived , I think .5.Cells are the _(small)and most basic u

26、nits of living matter .二、单项填空( )1.（2018上海中考）The bridge between the two island is _ one in Shanghai .A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest ( )2.(2018北京中考)Tony is _ of the three boys ,but he is the tallest .A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest ( )3.(2018滨州中考)-Home is _place wherever y

27、ou go.-Yes .Theres no place like home .A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest ( )4.（2018临沂中考）Of all the blue holes in the world .Sansha Youngle Blue Hole in the south China Sea is now _.It is 300.89 meters deep .A. deeper B. very deep C. as deep as D. the deepest ( )5.(2018凉山中考)Of all the subje

28、cts ,chemistry seems to be _ for me .A. difficult B. too difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult 达标测试卷第一卷听力部分(20分)一、关键词语选择。(每小题1分，满分5分)( )1. A. cakeB. bikeC. make ( )2. A. talk B. take C. walk( )3. A. rain B. main C. train( )4. A. money B. travel C. journey ( )5. A. waiting for B. looking

29、for C. going for 二、短对话理解。(每小题1分，满分5分)( )6. What is Mary going to do on Sunday?A. B. C. ( )7. What does the girl do at weekends? A. B. C. ( )8. Whats Davids new years resolution?A. B. C. ( )9. Whats Marys resolution for the new term?A. B. C. ( )10. What is Toms new plan about?A. B. C. 三、长对话理解。(每小题1分，

30、满分5分)( )11. Where is Jim going for his holiday?A. To Hangzhou. B. To Beijing. C. To Fuzhou. ( )12. How is Jim going there?A. By train. B. By plane. C. By bus. ( )13. What does Jim think of travelling by plane?A. Slow but comfortable. B. Fast but expensive. C. Fast and cheap. ( )14. How long will it

31、take Jim to get there?A. About 12 days. B. About 12 hours. C. Half a month. ( )15. Who is Jim going there with?A. His parents. B. My parents. C. His friends. 四、信息转换。(每小题1分，满分5分) Information about a tripWhere to go(16)_How to go thereBy (17)_How far(18)_ kilometres awayWhat to visit after lunchAn amu

32、sement (19)_When to come backAt (20)_第二卷笔试部分(100分)五、单项填空。(每小题1分，满分15分)( )21. Will you go to Dalian by _ ship?No, Ill take _ plane there. A. /; /B. /; aC. a; theD. the; a( )22. It is too late. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi home. A. idea B. advice C. chance D. choice( )23. All the students

33、 in my class are on the playground now. There is _ in the classroom. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody( )24. Yesterday I _ two train tickets from Wuhan to Guilin on the Internet. A. forgot B. passed C. booked D. lent( )25. The sweater _ me 500 yuan. I like it very much. A. used B. paid C

34、. cost D. spent( )26. Huaxing Theatre is _ movie theatre in my city. It is _ than any other one. A. best; best B. better; the bestC. the best; better D. better; better( )27. Tom is only shorter than Dick. He is the second _ boy in our class. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest( )28. Who live

35、s _ school in your class? Jimmy does. His home is just next to school. A. close to B. closest toC. far from D. farthest from ( )29. Money is very important. _， its not the most important thing. A. However B. And C. So D. Because( )30. Why does our writing teacher ask us to read more books?Because _

36、books we read, _ our writing is. A. the more; the betterB. most; bestC. more; better D. many; good ( )31. All the people went home _ Mr Smith, because he had to finish his work. A. with B. except C. besides D. for( )32. He often gets up early, because he doesnt like to _ class. A. be late forB. be b

37、usy withC. be ready for D. be popular with( )33. What is the fastest way to Shanghai?Of course by plane. It only takes you two hours _ there. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got( )34. _ is the new supermarket from your home? About 30 minutes on foot. A. How long B. How far C. How tall D. How much ( )

38、35. Im going to take a trip to Beijing. My plane leaves at 8: 00 tomorrow morning. _A. How fast! B. All right. C. Never mind! D. Have a good trip!六、完形填空。(每小题1. 5分，满分15分)Dad wanted to take us to go for a trip. We _36_ to travel to Dali. Its far from our city. So we chose to go there by plane. It cost

39、 us much money. But its the _37_ way to travel. My sister and I felt (感到) _38_ because it was the first time that we had traveled there. We got there _39_ the evening of September 15th. We felt a little tired. After _40_ in our hotel for some time，my sister and I went out for the evening sightseeing

40、 tour(夜景观光). My parents didnt like it，_41_ they stayed at the hotel. On the first day，we took a taxi to the Cangshan Mountain. The view(风景) was wonderful. To remember the beautiful time，I took many _42_. On the second day，we took a _43_ to Erhai Lake. For dinner，we had something specialrice noodles.

41、 We _44_ had that before. On the third day，we visited the Old Town of Dali. Walking around the beautiful town was really enjoyable. The trip was short, _45_ we had a great time in Dali. ( )36. A. forgot B. planned C. tried D. needed( )37. A. fastest B. slowest C. cheapest D. easiest( )38. A. differe

42、nt B. excited C. lucky D. comfortable( )39. A. for B. at C. in D. on( )40. A. washing B. waiting C. relaxing D. thinking( )41. A. because B. and C. but D. so( )42. A. ideas B. photos C. food D. games( )43. A. bike B. walk C. car D. boat( )44. A. usually B. never C. always D. especially( )45. A. beca

43、use B. but C. or D. and七、补全对话。(有两项多余)(每小题1分，满分5分)Tom: Id like to go for a visit to Shanghai. (46)_Jack: Taking a coach is a good way. But its a little more expensive than taking a train. Tom: The cost isnt the most important, but the time is. Jack: You can take a plane. Its the quickest way and its

44、the most comfortable. (47)_Tom: Thats great！(48)_Jack: You can get there in about one and a half hours by air. Tom: Can I take a trip to Nanjing on the way?Jack: Im afraid you cant. You can take a coach if you want to visit Nanjing. After that，you can take another coach to Shanghai. I think its a be

45、tter way. Flying is the quickest. (49)_Tom: All right. (50)_A. How soon can I get there?B. Its a better choice to take a coach. C. How can I get to Shanghai from here?D. What do you think?E. On the other hand it also takes you some time to get to the airport. F. How often can I get there?G. Its a be

46、tter choice to take a bus. 八、阅读下面的短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。Hello，my name is Jacob. I am from Sicily. Its a big island in the south of Italy. Its a beautiful island. I live in a village on the coast. The sea is blue and I like going fishing. In summer its very hot and sometimes my family go into th

47、e mountains because its a bit cooler there. The capital of Italy is Rome. Its a very old city full of famous buildings. St Peter is a very big and beautiful church. Rome is very busy，but Milan is busier than Rome. Its in the north of Italy. Milan has a population of about 1. 4 million. People are bu

48、sy working there. Milan has a lot of factories，shops and banks. 63. Whats the population of Milan？(不超过10个词)_64. Why do Jacobs family go into the mountains in summer？(不超过10个词)_65. Whats the capital of Italy？(不超过10个词)_课后练习一、单项选择( )1. I saw the girl crying ,_?A. What happen to her B. What happened to h

49、erC. What happens to her D. What happens to she ( )2.-Alice ,would you like to go hiking with us ?-What a pity ! I am free every day _ today .A. for B. except C. besides C. among ( )3. I usually ride _ bike to school .But this morning . I went to school by _ bus .A. a ,the B. the ,a C. /, a D. a ,/(

50、 )4.Lily lives _ from school than Linda .A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest ( )5.Tianjin is one of _ cities in China .A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. the bigger ( )6.How do you go to school?-On foot .Our school is _ my house .A. different from B. far away from C. close to D. next( )7.-

51、_ is it from the Childrens Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station ,Tom?-About 10 minutes ride by bus .A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How much ( )8. I dont really care if my friends are the same _ me or different_ me .A, as ,as B. from ,from C. as ,from D. from ,as ( )9.Linda lives close _ a

52、supermarket and she often goes there and does some shopping .A. to B. from C. with D. at ( )10.Do you know the Yellow River ?Yes , I do . It is _ longest river in China .A. two B. the two C. second D. the second二、根据单词的适当形式填空1.She doesnt play as _ (good ) as her sister .2.-What _(happen) to you ?- I hurt my arm when I was running .3.Does Gold Theatre have_(com