英语倒装句讲解

英语倒装句讲解倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 一 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist.) 句型中。例如： There are thousands of people on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. There stands a little girl.4）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如： Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here you are.Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 二 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语。如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, in no case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until 等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. -never have I seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. -not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.典型例题 1）Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit 答案A. 当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道考点为倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 2以否定连词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等，前倒后不倒。例如： Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 典型例题 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game beganB.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。 注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。 3 so, neither, nor作部分倒装。表示另一主语“也样”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不样”时，用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you wont go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。 典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know，_. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard. -So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。 4only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。例如： Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语） Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词）Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从句） 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 5 as, though 引导的部分倒装 as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： 1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如： Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.(副词提到句首)Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。 注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 6so that，suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用”sosuch + adj. + 主语+谓语”。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。7. 在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如： Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨，我们就不会去打篮球了。=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.Had I prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job.如果我准备充分了，就不会失去这份工作了=If I had prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job.Were I you, I would try it again.=If I were you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。 倒装练习 1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion. A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would 2._ that this region was so rich in natural resources. A. Little he knew B. Little did he know C. Little he did know D. Little he had known 3.Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency. A. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought B. seriously Alfred E. Smith sought C. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek D. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek 4.Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm. A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have 5._, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands. A. What may come B. Come what may C. May what come D. What come 6.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head. A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didnt turn D. he had turned 7._ received law degrees as today. A. Never so women have B. The women arent ever C. Women who have never D. Never have so many women 8.Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, _. A. so does a liquid B. so a liquid does C. as does a liquid D. so is a liquid 9.On no account _ to anyone. A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention 10. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are C. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are 11._ do we go for picnics. A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once 12._ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. A. Either B. Often C. Nor D. Usually 13.Her answer is not acceptable, and _. A. neither am I B. either is mine C. neither is mine D. mine is neither 14._, I must do another experiment. A. Be it ever so late B. It is ever so late C. It be ever so late D. So late it be ever 15.So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel 16.A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, _ be easily suppressed. A. nor it can B. nor can it C. it cannot D. and cannot it 17._ notebook and report that I promised you last week. A. Here is the B. Here are the C. Is here the D. Are here the 18._ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly. A. If he took B. If he has taken C. had he taken D. Should he take 19.Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing. A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lie the earth D. lies the earth 20._ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms. A. At B. By C. Up to D. Not until 21.Hardly _ he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him. A. had when B. hadthan C. didwhen D. hasthan 22.Among these books _ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present. A. have included B. is included C. has included D. are included 23.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; _ is this more true than in Europe. A. nowhere B. hardly C. little D. seldom 24.Important _ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. A. to B. for C. as D. although 25.According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered. A. there seem to be B. it seems C. it seems to be D. here seems 26.Here _ you want to see. A. the manager comes B. comes the manager C. comes a manager D. is coming a manager 27.Barry can hardly drive a car, _. A. so cant Molly B. cant Molly either C. Molly cant too D. neither can Molly 28._ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded. A. Had not it been B. Had it not been C. There was D. Is there 29._ no air or water, there would be no life in the world. A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there 30.Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them. A. the computer can memorize B. can the computer memorize C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer 31.Not once _ his view of life. A. did the gentleman mention B. the gentleman mentioned that C. the gentleman mentioned D. does gentleman mentioned 32.By no means _ their own language well. A. it is true that all English people know B. is it true that do all English people know C. it is true that do all English people know D. is it true that all English people know 33.The molecules of gases move more freely than _. A. do liquids and solids B. liquids and solids do C. do those of liquids and solids D. those do of liquids and solids 34.The worlds birth rates are on a decline and _ are the death rates. A. so B. also C. too D. the same 35._ is the volume of chemical goods. A. Constantly growing too B. Too constantly growing C. Growing constant to D. Too growing constant 36.Many a time _ me with my English study. A. have he helped B. has he helped C. he have helped D. did he have helped 37.Typical of the new type of young people _, who set a shining example to the whole nation. A. was Lei Feng B. Were Lei Feng C. Lei Feng was D. Lei Feng were 38.What Mr. Smith did was important , but _. A. more important the way of he did things was B. the way of he did things was more important C. more important was the way he did things D. more important the way were he did things 39.She didnt want to buy it, _. A. however good was it B. however good it was C. for how good might it be D. for how good it might be 40._ , it is always possible to find out its volume. A. Whatever the shape of a body may be B. The shape of a body may be whatever C. May whatever the shape of a body be D. Whatever may the shape of a body be 41.I wont pay $20 for the coat; its not worth _. A. all that much B. that much all C. that all much D. much all that 42.Hot air accompanied by high relative humidity feels warmer than _. A. is it actually B. it actually is C. actually it is D. actually is it 43.Qingdao is usually cool in summer, but Nanjing _. A. is rarely B. scarcely is C. hardly is D. rarely is 44.David, something important has happened. I wish to _. A. talk it over with you B. talk over it C. talk over D. talk you over it 45.