数码相机详细介绍(中英对照版)

Introduction of New Digital Camera Overview Digital cameras, digital cameras is short; also known as: Digital camera; English full name: Digital Still Camera (DSC), referred to as: Digital Camera (DC).Digital cameras, is an electronic sensor to convert optical images into electronic data camera. And ordinary cameras on film by chemical changes of silver bromide to record images of the principles of different digital camera sensor is a light-sensing charge-coupled - (zh-cn: device; zh-tw: Component) - ( CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). In the image transmitted to a computer before will usually stored in a digital storage device (usually flash memory; floppy disk and CD Rewritable (CD-RW) has been rarely used in digital cameras, equipment). The Working PrincipleDigital Camera is a optical, mechanical, electronic integrated products. It integrates image information conversion, storage and transmission components, with digital access mode, with computer processing and real-time interactive shooting and so on. Light through the lens or lens group into the camera, the imaging device into a digital signal, digital signal through the images stored in the memory chip computing device.Digital camera is the CCD imaging device or a CMOS, the imaging component is characterized by the light through, according to the different light into electronic signals. Digital cameras first appeared in the United States, more than 20 years ago, the United States had to use it to send photos via satellite to the ground, and later converted to civilian use of digital photography and constantly expanding range of applications.Advantages: 1, can immediately see the picture after picture, which provides a right not satisfied with the work immediately to remake the possibility of reducing the incidence of regret. 2, only for those who want to pay for washing photographs, and other unwanted pictures can be deleted. 3, color reproduction and color range are no longer dependent on film quality. 4, sensitivity is no longer a result of the film and fixed. Photoelectric conversion chips can provide a variety of sensitivity options.Disadvantages: 1, due to the imaging devices and image processing chip conversion, optical cameras, image quality compared to the lack of layering.2, due to the various manufacturers of different image processing chip technology, imaging performance of the color photos and actual objects, a different difference. 3, due to a lack of core technologies in China, the latter part of the use of the higher maintenance costs. The Product ClassificationAccording to the most common use of a digital camera can simply be divided into: single-lens reflex camera, card camera, telephoto cameras, cameras and home.SLR Digital CamerasSLR means single lens reflex digital cameras, namely digital digital, single individual, lens lens, reflex reflectors abbreviation dslr. The representative of the market model is commonly found in Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Fuji and so on. Such cameras typically larger, heavier.The use of electronic viewfinder evf models, but also classified as single-lens reflex type, but generally add the word similar or an indication of evf viewfinder, such as the Olympus c-2100uz, Fuji finepix 6900 and so on. The work of the SLR digital camera system, the light through the lens reach the mirror, the refraction to the top of the focusing screen and the images formed through the eyepiece and the five prism, we can see outside the viewfinder scenery. In contrast, usually only through the lcd screen digital camera or an electronic viewfinder (evf) to see the captured images. Clearly see the image directly than by processing the image to see more conducive to filming.SLR digital cameras feature a large lens can be exchanged with different specifications, it is natural advantages of SLR cameras, an ordinary digital camera can not be compared.Card camera Card camera in the industry there is no clear concept refers only to those compact shape, relatively light and slim stylish body design is a measure of the main criteria for such a digital camera. In which Sony T series, Olympus AZ1, and Casio Z series should be classified in this area.Main Features: Card is not a digital camera can be cumbersome to carry; and put them in formal occasions, suit pocket and will not fall too jacket deformation; the little hand bag ladies no longer difficult to find space for the next squeeze them; in the other occasions, the camera stuffed into jeans pockets or simply hang around the neck is also acceptable.Although they function is not powerful, but the most basic exposure compensation function is standard in ultra-thin digital cameras, combined with regional or spot metering mode, these small things are sometimes still able to complete some photography. At least you can have a basic picture of the exposure control, and then with the color, clarity, contrast and other options, a lot of beautiful pictures can also be from these are masters were failing to appreciate the little things.Cameras, camera cards and other differences: Advantages: stylish appearance, large-screen LCD screen, a compact, slim body, easy to handle. Disadvantages: manual function is relatively weak, large power consumption of a larger LCD screen, lens performance is poor.Telephoto cameraTelephoto camera focus is a digital camera refers to a larger optical zoom models, but the greater the optical zoom and can shoot the scene the more distant. Representative models are: Minolta Z series, the Panasonic FX series, the Fuji S series, the Kodak DX series. Some of the longer lens digital camera, internal lens and the light-sensitive mobile devices more space, so zoom is greater.Main features: telephoto digital camera and binoculars in fact the main features of the principle is similar to the movement through the lens within the lens to change focal length. When people are shooting distant landscape, or do not want to be disturbed by the photographer when the benefit of telephoto played out. In addition the longer the focal length while the more shallow depth of field, and the aperture the greater the more shallow depth of field effect is the same, shallow depth of field is to highlight the main benefits of the virtual background, I believe a lot of FANS at the camera when they pursue a shallow depth of field effect, so to make them more professional photo shoot.Some of the longer lens digital camera, internal lens and the light-sensitive mobile devices more space, so zoom is greater. Today, optical zoom digital camera mostly in the three-fold between -12 times, you can bring an object closer than 10 meters to 5-3 meters near; there are also some digital camera has a 10 times optical zoom effect. Home video camera optical zoom of 10 times -22 times, can be more clearly photographed something 70 meters away.Use multiplier lens can increase the optical zoom cameras. If the optical zoom is not enough, people can add a multiplier front of the camera lens, which is calculated in this way, an A 2x teleconverter, set of 4 in an original optical zoom digital camera, then it sets the digital the cameras optical zoom from the original one times, two times, three times, four times into two times, four times, six times and eight times, that is Teleconverter and optical zoom multiples of multiples derived from multiplying.Zoom range the bigger the better? For the overall quality of the lens, in fact the greater the zoom range, lens quality is also worse. 10 times as large zoom lens of the two most frequently encountered problem is the lens distortion and chromatic dispersion. Purple fringe conditions are more serious, super-zoom lens is easy to produce barrel distortion at the wide angle end, and in the telephoto side pincushion distortion produced, although the lens distortion is inevitable, but it will be a good lens distortion control in a within reasonable limits.The theory, the greater zoom lens is also more prone to deformation. Of course, many manufacturers also have done a lot of efforts. Example, manufacturers will often join in the lens of non-spherical lens to prevent the emergence of such deformation. Dispersion is commonly used for anti-dispersion lens manufacturers to avoid, such as Nikons ED lenses. As optical technology advances, the current 10 zoom lens actually optical performance should be taken to meet the everyday needs. Common BrandSony (Sony) JapanCanon (Canon) Japan Nikon (Nikon) Japan Olympus (Olympus) Japan,Samsung Electronics (Samsung) Korea, Kodak (Kodak) AmericaFuji film (Fuji Film) JapanKonica Minolta (Konica Minolta), JapanPentax (Pentax) JapanMatsushita Electric (Panasonic), JapanCasio (Casio) JapanRicoh (Ricoh) Japanese Leica (Leica) GermanPatriot ( aigo) Lenovo (lenovo) ChinaBenQ (BenQ) China The Main Parts1, UV lens 2, LCD protective film 3, gas blowing 4, lens cloth 、5, Camera Bag Terminology ExplainedCCD English translation: electronic coupling component (charged coupled device), it is like a traditional film camera, like a light sensing circuit device, you can think of many hearts it tiny sensor particles, covered with the rear in the optical lens , when the light and images from the lens, through, projected onto the CCD surface, CCD will produce current, sensed the content into digital data storage. The more the number of CCD pixels, a single larger pixel size, the collected images will be clearer. Thus, while the number of CCD image quality is determined not only focus on the camera can still regard it as an important sub-class quasi-one.Wide-angle lensWide-angle lens that is wide angle, also known as short-focus lens. A result of wide-angle lens focal length is very short, so in the end piece on the scene projected on the smaller shots to widen the angle, in addition to shooting more features, better environment in the narrow capture a wide angle image.IESP auto-focusIESP autofocus IESP in English intelligent electro selective pattern (intelligent electronic selection mode) acronym. IESP digital camera auto-focus is done in the focus of multiple blocks within the partition (with the information that way split fan-shaped partition), and then divided by the measured focus position block an integrated computing, according to the main body of the different states, to determine the best focal length bit. IESP Olympus digital camera auto-focus in the presentations often see.Optical ZoomOptical zoom relies on optical lens structure to achieve the zoom, zoom 35mm camera similar manner, that is, moving through the camera lens to enlarge and reduce the need to take the scene, the greater the optical zoom and can shoot the scene the more distant. Todays digital camera optical zoom mostly in the two-fold between -5 times, there are some yards have 10 times the camera optical zoom effect. Home video camera optical zoom of 10 times to 22 times, can be more clearly photographed something 70 meters away. Use multiplier lens can increase the optical zoom cameras.Programmed auto exposureProgrammed auto exposure Programmed auto exposure is a combination of electronic technology and artificial intelligence product of exposure in this way, the camera will not only be able to figure out the right lighting conditions according to exposure, but also automatically selects the appropriate exposure combinations.HyperfocalAfter the super-focal length lens, depth of field because of relatively large, people called for a clear image can be the focus of future ultra-focus distance. Hyperfocal distance within the scene is not really clear image, because the focus is not on the right is certainly ambiguous, but the extent of ambiguity can accept only ordinary people, this is a film camera can not be a fool to enlarge too big reason.EVFElectronic viewfinder Electronic viewfinder (EVF), the vision of the use of electronic shooting rate than the much larger optical viewfinder, such as the Sony DSC-f707 vision of the EVF rate reached 99%. The electronic viewfinder is also more practical, this filming will not only be cheaper, use very low power consumption, but also used under any ambient light. Although the viewfinder in the screen viewing angle and color effects and the final result incomplete the same, but the use of a period of time, or soon after the adaptation. Using Techniques1. MaintenanceTo keep the camera cleanStain on the lens would seriously reduce the image quality, there spots or reduce image contrast. The fingers hit the lens, which is inevitable, dust and gravel will fall into the optical device.Cleaning tool is very simple: the lens paper with a cloth or a fine tool, lens brush and cleaning sets. Do not use cardboard, paper towel or napkin to clean the lens. These products contain a scraping of wood pulp, would seriously undermine the fragile coating on the camera lens.Cleaning of paper when not in use, the micro-fiber cleaning cloth placed in the original container to keep it clean. Micro-fiber cloth is washable, can be washed with regular clothes. Try not to use cotton T-shirt or other fibers, because the coarse gravel may be infiltrated to go. If the lens cleaning brush the dust and debris, do not brush on the hair with the hand or finger contact with the skin of oil will be transmitted to the hair, and then glued to the lens.Clear lens dust Another approach is frequently used lens. If your camera has a lens cover, you can use a tape, rubber band or lens fixed devices it fixed on the camera body.Hot and cold weather will also affect the camera. If the camera had the air-conditioned room and then immediately placed in a relatively hot, humid environment, the lens and viewfinder will have a cloud point appears. Then need to use a suitable tissue or cloth to clean. If you take the camera from the cold, dry outdoor into indoor, the best camera in a bag inside the preheating should first look, and then come up on the house. And to be careful lens to see if it was not sweating, and sweat of the immediate action.Professional photographers, the recommendations: portable with a plastic zipper-lock bag. In very humid or dusty climate, you can dig a small hole in the side of the camera lens and then Fang Dexia just put the camera bag, to prevent fog, moisture and dust into the camera, extend their useful life.Finally, do not put the camera into a high relative humidity, after a car ride, automotive interior like a stove, as cause plastic deformation of wire damage.Many manufacturers are recommended: If you do not have the camera for two weeks or longer, preferably the battery out, because the battery will leak decay, and sometimes will affect the circuit connection, so that the camera not work properly.2. ShootingTtechniquesThe common digital cameras optical viewfinder is next to the shaft, from the optical viewfinder the scene to see the actual photos taken with the lens is not through the same optical axis, have been more proactive things worse the more obvious short-sightedness. Optical viewfinder often compensate for some close-up signs to tell the photographer or less errors. Using the LCD viewfinder can largely solve this problem.And use of traditional film cameras and shoot a good photograph is to predict with confidence an important prerequisite for the camera, focus. We found that some cameras, LCD brightness and color reproduction are some errors, from the LCD to see the filming and the final image on a computer monitor is not a small difference. Carefully compare after a few users will be able to adapt to this difference .一、概述数码相机，是数码照相机的简称；又名：数字式相机；英文全称：Digital Still Camera (DSC)，简称：Digital Camera (DC)。数码相机，是一种利用电子传感器把光学影像转换成电子数据的照相机。与普通照相机在胶卷上靠溴化银的化学变化来记录图像的原理不同，数字相机的传感器是一种光感应式的电荷耦合-zh-cn：器件；zh-tw：组件-(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)。在图像传输到计算机以前，通常会先储存在数码存储设备中（通常是使用闪存；软磁盘与可重复擦写光盘（CD-RW），已很少用于数字相机设备）。二、工作原理数码相机是集光学、机械、电子技术于一体的产品。它集成了影像信息的转换、存储和传输等部件，具有数字化存取模式，与电脑交互处理和实时拍摄等特点。光线通过镜头或者镜头组进入相机，通过成像元件转化为数字信号，数字信号通过影像运算芯片处理后储存在存储设备中。数码相机的成像元件是CCD或者CMOS，该成像元件的特点是光线通过时，能根据光线的不同转化为不同的电子信号。数码相机最早出现在美国，20多年前，美国曾利用它通过卫星向地面传送照片，后来数码摄影转为民用并不断拓展应用范围。优点：1、拍照之后可以立即看到图片，从而提供了对不满意的作品立刻重拍的可能性，减少了遗憾的发生。2、只需为那些想冲洗的照片付费，其它不需要的照片可以删除。3、色彩还原和色彩范围不再依赖胶卷的质量。4、感光度也不再因胶卷而固定。光电转换芯片能提供多种感光度选择。缺点：1、由于通过成像元件和影像处理芯片的转换，成像质量相比光学相机缺乏层次感。2、由于各个厂家的影像处理芯片技术的不同，成像照片表现的颜色与实际物体有一定的区别。3、由于中国缺乏核心技术，后期使用维修成本较高。三、产品分类根据数码相机的用途可以简单分为：单反相机，卡片相机，长焦相机和家用相机。单反相机单反数码相机就是指单镜头反光数码相机，即digital数码、single单独、lens镜头、reflex反光的英文缩写dslr。市场中的代表机型常见于尼康、佳能、宾得、富士等。此类相机一般体积较大，比较重。使用电子取景器evf的机型，也归入单反类，但一般加注“类似”，或注明是evf取景，如奥林巴斯c-2100uz、富士finepix 6900等。 在单反数码相机的工作系统中，光线透过镜头到达反光镜后，折射到相机的对焦屏上面并结成影像，透过接目镜和五棱镜，我们可以在观景窗中看到外面的景物。与此相对的，一般数码相机只能通过lcd屏或者电子取景器(evf)看到所拍摄的影像。显然直接看到的影像比通过处理后看到的影像更利于拍摄。单反数码相机的最大特点就是可以更换不同规格的镜头，这是单反相机天生的优点，是普通数码相机不能比拟的。卡片相机卡片相机在业界内没有明确的概念，仅指那些外形小巧的、相对较轻的机身以及超薄时尚的设计，这几点是衡量此类数码相机的主要标准。其中索尼T系列、奥林巴斯AZ1和卡西欧Z系列等都应划分到这一种类。主要特点：卡片数码相机外形小巧，可以被随身携带；而在正式场合把它们放进西服口袋里也不会坠得外衣变形；女士们的小手包再也不难找到挤下它们的空间；在其他场合把相机塞到牛仔裤口袋或者干脆挂在脖子上也是可以接受的。虽然它们功能并不强大，但是最基本的曝光补偿功能还是超薄数码相机的标准配置，再加上区域或者点测光模式，这些小东西在有时候还是能够完成一些摄影创作。至少你对画面的曝光可以有基本控制，再配合色彩、清晰度、对比度等选项，“高手”们看不上的小东西也可以拍摄出很多漂亮的照片。卡片相机和其他相机区别：优点：时尚的外观、大屏幕液晶屏、小巧纤薄的机身，操作便捷。缺点：手动功能相对薄弱、超大的液晶显示屏耗电量较大、镜头性能较差。长焦相机焦数码相机指的是具有较大光学变焦倍数的机型，而光学变焦倍数越大，能拍摄的景物就越远。代表机型为：美能达Z系列、松下FX系列、富士S系列、柯达DX系列等。一些镜头越长的数码相机，内部的镜片和感光器移动空间更大，所以变焦倍数也更大。主要特点：长焦数码相机主要特点其实和望远镜的原理差不多，通过镜头内部镜片的移动而改变焦距。当人们拍摄远处的景物或者是被拍摄者不希望被打扰时，长焦的好处就发挥出来了。另外焦距越长则景深越浅，和光圈越大景深越浅的效果是一样的，浅景深的好处在于突出主体而虚化背景，相信很多FANS在拍照时都追求一种浅景深的效果，这样使照片拍出来更加专业。一些镜头越长的数码相机，内部的镜片和感光器移动空间更大，所以变焦倍数也更大。如今数码相机的光学变焦倍数大多在3倍12倍之间，即可把10米以外的物体拉近至5-3米近；也有一些数码相机拥有10倍的光学变焦效果。家用摄录机的光学变焦倍数在10倍-22倍，能比较清楚的拍到70米外的东西。使用增倍镜能够增大摄录机的光学变焦倍数。如果光学变焦倍数不够，人们可以在镜头前加一增倍镜，其计算方法是这样的，一个2倍的增距镜，套在一个原有4倍光学变焦的数码相机上，那么这台数码相机的光学变焦倍数由原来的1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍变为