虚拟语气2018高考专项复习讲解练习--典型例题补充

专题五 虚拟语气【概况】虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种主观愿望或假设的情况.主要用于条件状语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和其他的一些句子结构.If I had more time,I would help you with your English.(表示与现在事实相反的假设)I wish I were as young as you.(表示一种愿望)It is strange that he(should)not have been invited to the meeting.(用于主语从句)He insisted that we(should)adopt this teaching method.(用于宾语从句)His suggestion is that we(should)speak more English in class.(用于表语从句)The young man followed his doctors advice that he(should)give up drinking.(用于同位语从句)1. 虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的运用.从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.与将来事实相反的假设1.If+主语+动词的过去式主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next Monday.2.If+主语+were to+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形1.Maybe if I (study)science,and not liberal arts then,I would be able to give you more help.2.(2017北京,34)If the new safety systemto use, the accident would never have happened.A.had been putB.were putC.should be putD.would be put3.(2016北京,34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If youme, I could have helped.A.toldB.had toldC.were to tellD.would tell4.(2016天津,15)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one,I.A.were injuredB.would be injuredC.had been injuredD.would have been injured5.(2013江苏,30)I should not have laughed if Iyou were serious.A.thought B.would thinkC.had thought D.have thought 2.(2015北京,34)If Iit with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.A.didnt seeB.werent seeingC.wouldnt seeD.hadnt seen6.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Deweypresent,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A.wereB.had beenC.should beD.was8.(2013福建,30)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so,hehis car to our college yesterday.A.would driveB.droveC.would have drivenD.had driven10.(2013重庆,29)It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we.A.hadntB.haventC.didntD.dont1.(2017江苏苏锡常镇一模,33)Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.How much better life would be if we to the values of the past!A.were to return B.had returnedC.returnD.will return10.(2016江苏百校第一次联考,34)Iany more to eat,if I were you.A.wouldnt be havingB.wouldnt haveC.wont haveD.wouldnt have had6.(2017江苏华罗庚中学4月调研,34)I have been working 70 hours on my thesis this week. I am exhausted.70 hours? I would be dead if I like that.A.workedB.had workedC.have been workingD.work使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：1.错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now.If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.2.(2016江苏,27)If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC.were not to beD.should not have been7.(2013北京,34)If wea table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have bookedB.bookedC.bookD.had booked11.(2013天津,14)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,heable to speak it much better now.A.will beB.would be C.has beenD.would have been2.if省略句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式.If I were at school again,I would study harder. Were I at school again,I would study harder.If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus. Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.1.(2017江苏,22)not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her diffi-culty.A.It wereB.Were itC.It wasD.Was it3.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some troublethe schedule.A.did I knowB.have I knownC.do I knowD.had I known5.(2016浙江,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deathssince their highest in 2005.A.had not fallenB.would not fallC.did not fallD.would not have fallen9.(2014福建,32)no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were thereB.Had there beenC.If there areD.If there have been4.(2014天津,15)the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catchB.Should he catchC.Has he caughtD.Had he caught13.(2016江苏南京、盐城一模,33)I that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully.A.realizedB.had realizedC.would realize D.would have realized1.(2017江苏联盟2月联考,34)Helen, are you going to the airport to pick up Jack the day after to-morrow? tomorrow night, I would pick him up.A.Were he to come back B.If he was about to come backC.Had he come backD.If he would come back9.(2016江苏南通三模,28)She would be much healthier nowwith that much pressure from work when young.A.had she not burdened herselfB.were she not burdenedC.should she not burden herselfD.were she not to be burdened11.(2016江苏苏州一模,30)You are welcome to use this area for your baby buggy(童车). However, a wheelchair user board the bus, you are not supposed to use this special area.A.would B.might C.should D.could3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sporty meeting.(副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) I would write to her,but I dont know her address.(连词)A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.【练一练】We (be)back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.If he (catch)the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.If we (book)a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.1.(2017天津,15)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, Iable to reach her yesterday.A.hadnt beenB.wouldnt have beenC.werentD.wouldnt be8.(2015重庆,7)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingwayhis famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt writeB.hadnt writtenC.wouldnt writeD.wouldnt have written11.(2014浙江,16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or theyto our help.A.would have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come12.(2013安徽,28)Ito my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.A.wentB.had goneC.would goD.would have gone1.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we nowhere to stay now.A.hadB.had hadC.would haveD.would have had5.(2014安徽,30)People are recycling many things which theyaway in the past.A.had thrownB.will be throwingC.were throwingD.would have thrown5.(2017江苏扬州中学第二学期期中,32)But for the fact that he the truth, he with a weeks imprisonment.A.didnt know;would be punished B.hadnt known;might have punishedC.didnt know;would have been punishedD.hadnt known;could be punished二.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于宾语从句中wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望.其谓语动词构成形式为: 一般过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时) had+过去分词(宾语从句动作先于wish) would/could+动词原形(宾语从句动作先于wish) I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday. 此外,If only+句子=How I wish+that从句(that可省略) If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird! If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!6.(2015天津,13)I wish Iat my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.A.will beB.would beC.have been D.had been7.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish Ias well as her.A.danceB.will danceC.had dancedD.danced9.(2013陕西,12)My mom suggests that weeat out for a change this weekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would 用于表示建议,命令,要求等动词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,recommend等.宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为should+动词原形,should可以省略. He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. They insisted that the boy(should)go with them. 记忆口诀:一坚持(insist)，二命令(order,command),三要求(require,request,demand),四建议(advise,suggest,propose,recommend) 备注:当suggest表示暗示,表明之意,insist表示坚持说之意时,suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,应使用陈述语气. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen money.13.(2013浙江,8)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye examat the age of six months old.A.wasB.beC.wereD.is14.(2015江苏南通、连云港二模,34)The school took the students request into consideration that a partybe held to celebrate the victory.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should 在would rather后的句子中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were),表示对现在或将来的虚拟;谓语动词用过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟. I would rather they didnt hear of the news.(对现在或将来的虚拟) I would rather I had not told him the bad news.(对过去的虚拟)10.(2014陕西,23)We would rather our daughterat home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stayB.has stayedC.stayedD.stay3.(2017江苏苏北四市第一次调研,34)So boring and exhausted! Id rather I hadnt been invited to the party.Oh, no. If so, I a quiet night at home.A.didnt enjoyB.hadnt enjoyedC.couldnt have enjoyedD.couldnt enjoy2.用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句,从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.(从句谓语动词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生时,要用should have+过去分词,should可以省略)12.(2016江苏苏锡常镇一模,24)We shall hardly please everyone; nor is it necessary that we .A.needB.shouldC.canD.may3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是should+动词原形,should可以省略.My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Hangzhou for sightseeing.【练一练】Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they (be)not always late.We would rather our daughter (stay)at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.2.(2017江苏南通如皋联考,13)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attainedinto account before starting a new project. A.be takenB.should takeC.would be takenD.have to be taken三.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用as if/as though引导方式状语从句或表语从句,有时从句的谓语部分要用虚拟语气形式,其形式为: 一般过去时(状语从句动作与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生) 过去完成时(状语从句动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作) Would/could/might+动词原形(状语从句动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作) He looks as if he were an artist.(同时) She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) He learns English so hard as if he would go the USA.(后于)【练一练】 It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do)it? He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he (be)a Chinese. Looking round the town,he felt as though he (be)away for ages.3.(2014重庆,13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if Iit?A.had doneB.have doneC.didD.am doing7.(2017江苏姜堰、如东、沭阳、前黄中学二模,31)Its over three years since the release of the animation Frozen, but the icy queen and her frozen empire are still staying in the spotlight, as if the movie only last month.A.were releasedB.had been releasedC.would have been releasedD.was released 四.虚拟语气在定语从句和状语从句中的运用. 1.在定语从句中 It is (high)time(that).句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,或用should+动词原形(其中should不能省略).此句型为(现在)该.,用来表示提建议. It is(high)time that you went to school It is(high)time that we should start out.2.在目的状语从句中在in case,for fear that,in order that,so that等引导的目的状语从句中,动词用could/should/might/would+动词原形,表示虚拟. They left early for fear that they would meet him. But I gave you a map