初中被动语态讲解.PPT课件

被动语态 ThePassiveVoice Cindy 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态 theActiveVoice 被动语态 thePassiveVoice A 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 B 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Weplantedthetree Thetreewasplantedbyus 注 后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 Theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天他们打扫了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday 昨天教室被他们打扫了 一 被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 被动语态由助动词be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 be 过去分词 二 被动语态的基本结构 有各种时态的变化 1 规则动词的过去分词 1 一般情况在动词原形后加 ed watch watched 2 以不发音e结尾的加 d practice practiced 3 以辅音加y结尾的 去y变i加 ed study studied 4 以重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped 2 不规则动词的过去分词 am is arewaswere been have has had do done write written go gone 动词过去分词的变化 bymanystudents 1 ManystudentsstudyEnglish English isstudied 2 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 1 一般现在时的被动语态结构 is are 过去分词 1 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动 3 将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后 运用一下吧 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing 1 Theyboughtacomputerlastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Manytrees wereplanted Acomputer wasbought Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedtheroomsforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem 3 Moreman madesatellites inthefuture A willsendupB willbesentupC aresentup 一般将来时的被动语态 主语 will be PP主语 begoingto be PP 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 begoingtobe willbe 过去分词 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays Thework willbefinished 2 Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow Theroom isgoingtobecleaned byTomtomorrow Wewillheldasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 AmycantakegoodcareofGina byAmy Gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 Youshoulddrinkmorewater Morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 5 现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is am are being 过去分词 1 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow Therooms arebeingpainted 2 HeiswatchingTV TV isbeingwatched byhim 6 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have has been 过去分词 1 Wehavemadeakey byus Akey hasbeenmade 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus Thepassivevoice 被动语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来 被动语态的构成 助动词be 及物动词的 过去分词 一般现在时 一般过去时 1 NowEnglish bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword A speaksB isspokenC wasspoken 一般现在时的被动语态 主语 am is are PP 2 Thelostboy atthestreetcornerlastnight A wasfoundB isfoundC waslookedfor 一般过去时的被动语态 主语 was were PP 3 Moreman madesatellites inthefuture A willsendupB willbesentupC aresentup 一般将来时的被动语态 主语 will be PP主语 begoingto be PP 4 Threebridges sincelastyear A havebuiltB werebuiltC havebeenbuilt 现在完成时的被动语态 主语 have has been PP 5 Flowers everyday A hasbeenwateredB shouldbewateredC shouldwater 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be PP 1 一般现在时 is am are 及物动词的过去分词2 一般过去时 was were 及物动词的过去分词3 现在 过去完成时 has have had been 及物动词的过去分词4 一般将来时 will be 及物动词的过去分词5 含有情态动词 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词6 现在进行时 am is are being 及物动词的过去分词 歌诀 被动语态be字变 过去分词跟后面 找一找规律 四 主动语态变被动语态 1 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 2 把谓语动词变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 如 Theymakethebikesinthefactory Thebikes inthefactory aremade them by 主变被步骤 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 改为主语 Hewashedhiscaryesterday Hiscar 3 判断新主语的单复数 确定be动词的单复数 be 4 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 2 修改谓语的语态 即be 原V 过去分词 washed 5 修改原句的主语 即by 主语 变宾格 byhim yesterday iswas was 1 Tombrokethewindow Thewindow 2 Shebrokethewindows Thewindows 3 Hecleanstheclassroomeveryday Theclassroom wasbroken byTom werebroken byher iscleaned byhim be动词的单复数变化 everyday 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkintendays willbefinished bythem 2 Theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow Ashow isgoingtobehad bythem tomorrow 1 Amycantakegoodcareofthecat Thecat canbetakengoodcareof byAmy 2 Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongs bythem shouldbesung 四 被动语态的特殊情况 1 在主动语态中 make let hear see watch notice等词 其后跟省略to的动词不定式 动词原形 在变为被动语态时 必须还原动词不定式符号to 如 1 Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom 2 Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday 3 Iseehimwalktoschool Heisseentowalktoschool Atrafficaccident happen justnow happened 2 连系动词 Link v 如 be look seem feel sound smell taste get turn become PekingOpera sound beautiful sounds 3 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候 Thepen write veryfast writes Thiskindofsweater sell well sells 1 不及物动词 vi 如 happen takeplace appear disappear 不用被动语态的动词 表示主语的自然属性特征 副词 well badly easily smoothly 常见动词 read write sell wash clean wear lock open cook shut dry eat drink Thebooks well A weresoldB sellC havesoldD arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth easily A haswashedB waswashedC washesD iswashed 1 Manyaccidents bycarelessdriverslastyear A arecausedB werecausedC havecausedD willcause2 Anofficial bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday A isinterviewingB isinterviewedC wasinterviewingD wasinterviewed3 Todayalotofinformationcan online A receiveB bereceivedC isreceivedD receiving4 I mgladtofindthatmanytrees inourcitylastyear A plantB plantedC wereplantedD areplanted 5 DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina A allowsB doesn tallowC isallowedD isn tallowed6 Don tworry Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback soenjoyshoppinghere A willkeepB haskeptC willbekeptD hasbeenkept7 It struethatShakespeare splay bysomanypeopleeveryyear A seeB willseeC areseeingD areseen Correctingmistake Correctthemistake s ineachsentenceifany 1 Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball 2 ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity 3 Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted 4 Classisbegunat7 30everyday 5 Hisplanissoundedgood 1 树要在春天种 2 树坑要挖得够大 但不要太深 3 把树放进坑里 扶直 4 把泥推回坑里 用脚踩实 5 在旁