最为完整C与C++的头大全.docx

C/C+头文件一览C、传统 C+#include /设定插入点#include /字符处理#include /定义错误码#include /浮点数处理#include /文件输入输出#include /参数化输入输出#include /数据流输入输出#include /定义各种数据类型最值常量#include /定义本地化函数#include /定义数学函数#include /定义输入输出函数#include /定义杂项函数及内存分配函数#include /字符串处理#include /基于数组的输入输出#include /定义关于时间的函数#include /宽字符处理及输入输出#include /宽字符分类标准C语言头文件ISO C标准定义的头文件(24项) 验证程序断言支持复数算术运算字符类型出错码浮点环境浮点常量整型格式转换 替代关系操作符宏 实现常量局部类别数学常量 非局部goto信号可变参数表布尔类型和值标准定义整型标准I/O库实用程序库函数字符串操作通用类型数学宏时间和日期宽字符支持宽字符分类和映射支持POSIX标准定义的必须的头文件(26项) 目录项 文件控制文件名匹配类型路径名模式匹配类型组文件网络数据库操作 口令文件正则表达式tar归档值终端I/O符号常量文件时间字扩展类型Internet定义套接字本地接口 Internet地址族 传输控制协议内存管理声明select函数 套接字接口文件状态进程时间基本系统数据类型UNIX域套接字定义系统名进程控制POSIX标准定义的XSI扩展头文件(26项) cpio归档值动态链接消息显示结构文件树漫游代码集转换实用程序语言信息常量模式匹配函数定义货币类型数据库操作消息类别轮询函数搜索表字符串操作系统出错日志记录用户上下文用户限制用户帐户数据库 IPC消息队列 资源操作信号量共享存储文件系统信息时间类型附加的时间 矢量I/O操作POSIX标准定义的可选头文件(8项) 异步I/O消息队列线程执行调度 信号量实时spawn接口XSI STREAMS接口时间跟踪标准 C+ 语言头文件（54个其中16个用于构建STL,3个为附加非必须）STL通用算法 STL位集容器用于在程序运行时执行断言 字符处理 错误码用于测试浮点类型属性ISO646变体字符集测试整数类型属性 本地化函数数学函数复数类执行非内部的goto语句信号访问参数数量变化的函数用于定义实用的类型和宏 输入/输出 杂项函数及内存分配 字符串时间 宽字符处理及输入/输出 宽字符分类 STL双端队列容器 异常处理类 文件流 STL函数对象 参数化输入/输出基本输入/输出支持 输入/输出前置声明 数据流输入/输出 基本输入流 遍历序列的类 各种数据类型最值常量STL线性列表容器 国际化支持 STL映射容器 专用内存分配器 基本内存分配和释放 通用的数字操作 基本输出流STL 队列容器 STL 集合容器 基于字符串的流 STL 堆栈容器 标准异常类 iostream 的缓冲区类 字符串类非内存字符序列的流类运行时类型标识 STL 通用模板类支持值数组的类和模版类 STL 动态数组容器标准C+附加的头文件(3个)非必须The Standard C+ library consists of 51 required headers.This implementation also includes three additional headers,and ,not required by the C+ Standard, for a total of 54 headers.Of these 54 headers,16 constitute the Standard Template Library, or STL.These are indicated below with the notation - (STL) for defining numerous templates that implement useful algorithms - for defining a template class that administers sets of bits - for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a deque container - for defining several functions that control exception handling - for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files- (STL) for defining several templates that help construct predicates for the templates defined in and - (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers that map keys to values - (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers - for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument - for defining the template class that serves as the base for many iostreams classes - for declaring several iostreams template classes before they are necessarily defined - for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams - for defining the template class that performs extractions - (STL) for defining several templates that help define and manipulate iterators - for testing numeric type properties - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a doubly linked list container - for defining several classes and templates that control locale-specific behavior, as in the iostreams classes - (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers that map keys to values - (STL) for defining several templates that allocate and free storage for various container classes - for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage - (STL) for defining several templates that implement useful numeric functions - for defining the template class that performs insertions - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a queue container - (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a singly linked list container - for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate string containers - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a stack container - for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions - for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations - for defining a template class that implements a string container - for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memory character sequences - for defining class type_info, the result of the typeid operator - (STL) for defining several templates of general utility - for defining several classes and template classes that support value-oriented arrays - (STL) for defining a template class that implements a vector container 新的C标准库 - for enforcing assertions when functions execute - for classifying characters - for testing error codes reported by library functions - for testing floating-point type properties - for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets - for testing integer type properties - for adapting to different cultural conventions - for computing common mathematical functions - for executing nonlocal goto statements - for controlling various exceptional conditions - for accessing a varying number of arguments - for defining several useful types and macros - for performing input and output - for performing a variety of operations - for manipulating several kinds of strings - for converting between various time and date formats - for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings - for classifying wide characters 旧的C标准库 - for enforcing assertions when functions execute - for classifying characters - for testing error codes reported by library functions - for testing floating-point type properties - for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets - for testing integer type properties - for adapting to different cultural conventions - for computing common mathematical functions - for executing nonlocal goto statements - for controlling various exceptional conditions - for accessing a varying number of arguments - for defining several useful types and macros - for performing input and output - for performing a variety of operations - for manipulating several kinds of strings - for converting between various time and date formats - for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings - for classifying wide characters Finally, in this implementation, the Standard C+ library also includes several headers for compatibility with traditional C+ libraries: - for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files - for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument - for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams - for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage - for declaring several template classes that aid migration from older versions of the Standard Template Library /标准 C+（同上的不再注释）#include /STL 通用算法#include /STL 位集容器#include #include #include #include #include /复数类#include #include #include #include #include /STL 双端队列容器#include /异常处理类#include #include /STL 定义运算函数（代替运算符）#include #include /STL 线性列表容器#include /STL 映射容器#include #include /基本输入输出支持#include /输入输出系统使用的前置声明#include #include /基本输入流#include /基本输出流#include /STL 队列容器#include /STL 集合容器#include /基于字符串的流#include /STL 堆栈容器#include /标准异常类#include /底层输入输出支持#include /字符串类#include /STL 通用模板类#include /STL 动态数组容器#include #include using namespace std;/C99 增加#include /复数处理#include /浮点环境#include /整数格式转换#include /布尔环境#include /整型环境#include /通用类型数学宏C头文件大全-分类函数,所在函数库为ctype.hint isalpha(int ch) 若ch是字母(A-Z,a-z)返回非0值,否则返回0int isalnum(int ch) 若ch是字母(A-Z,a-z)或数字(0-9)返回非0值,否则返回0int isascii(int ch) 若ch是字符(ASCII码中的0-127)返回非0值,否则返回0int iscntrl(int ch) 若ch是作废字符(0x7F)或普通控制字符(0x00-0x1F) 返回非0值,否则返回0int isdigit(int ch) 若ch是数字(0-9)返回非0值,否则返回0int isgraph(int ch) 若ch是可打印字符(不含空格)(0x21-0x7E)返回非0值,否则返回0int islower(int ch) 若ch是小写字母(a-z)返回非0值,否则返回0int isprint(int ch) 若ch是可打印字符(含空格)(0x20-0x7E)返回非0值,否则返回0int ispunct(int ch) 若ch是标点字符(0x00-0x1F)返回非0值,否则返回0int isspace(int ch) 若ch是空格( ),水平制表符(t),回车符(r),走纸换行(f),垂直制表符(v),换行符(n)返回非0值,否则返回0int isupper(int ch) 若ch是大写字母(A-Z)返回非0值,否则返回0int isxdigit(int ch) 若ch是16进制数(0-9,A-F,a-f)返回非0值,否则返回0int tolower(int ch) 若ch是大写字母(A-Z)返回相应的小写字母(a-z)int toupper(int ch) 若ch是小写字母(a-z)返回相应的大写字母(A-Z)-数学函数,所在函数库为math.h、stdlib.h、string.h、float.hint abs(int i) 返回整型参数i的绝对值double cabs(struct complex znum) 返回复数znum的绝对值double fabs(double x) 返回双精度参数x的绝对值long labs(long n) 返回长整型参数n的绝对值double exp(double x) 返回指数函数ex的值double frexp(double value,int *eptr) 返回value=x*2n中x的值,n存贮在eptr中double ldexp(double value,int exp); 返回value*2exp的值double log(double x) 返回logex的值double log10(double x) 返回log10x的值double pow(double x,double y) 返回xy的值double pow10(int p) 返回10p的值double sqrt(double x) 返回+x的值double acos(double x) 返回x的反余弦cos-1(x)值,x为弧度double asin(double x) 返回x的反正弦sin-1(x)值,x为弧度double atan(double x) 返回x的反正切tan-1(x)值,x为弧度double atan2(double y,double x) 返回y/x的反正切tan-1(x)值,y的x为弧度double cos(double x) 返回x的余弦cos(x)值,x为弧度double sin(double x) 返回x的正弦sin(x)值,x为弧度double tan(double x) 返回x的正切tan(x)值,x为弧度double cosh(double x) 返回x的双曲余弦cosh(x)值,x为弧度double sinh(double x) 返回x的双曲正弦sinh(x)值,x为弧度double tanh(double x) 返回x的双曲正切tanh(x)值,x为弧度double hypot(double x,double y) 返回直角三角形斜边的长度(z), x和y为直角边的长度,z2=x2+y2double ceil(double x) 返回不小于x的最小整数double floor(double x) 返回不大于x的最大整数void srand(unsigned seed) 初始化随机数发生器int rand() 产生一个随机数并返回这个数double poly(double x,int n,double c) 从参数产生一个多项式double modf(double value,double *iptr) 将双精度数value分解成尾数和阶double fmod(double x,double y) 返回x/y的余数double frexp(double value,int *eptr) 将双精度数value分成尾数和阶double atof(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成浮点数并返回这个浮点数double atoi(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成整数并返回这个整数double atol(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成长整数并返回这个整数char *ecvt(double value,int ndigit,int *decpt,int *sign) 将浮点数value转换成字符串并返回该字符串char *fcvt(double value,int ndigit,int *decpt,int *sign) 将浮点数value转换成字符串并返回该字符串char *gcvt(double value,int ndigit,char *buf) 将数value转换成字符串并存于buf中,并返回buf的指针char *ultoa(unsigned long value,char *string,int radix) 将无符号整型数value转换成字符串并返回该字符串,radix为转换时所用基数char *ltoa(long value,char *string,int radix) 将长整型数value转换成字符串并返回该字符串,radix为转换时所用基数char *itoa(int value,char *string,int radix) 将整数value转换成字符串存入string,radix为转换时所用基数double atof(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成双精度数,并返回这个数,错误返回0int atoi(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成整型数, 并返回这个数,错误返回0long atol(char *nptr) 将字符串nptr转换成长整型数,并返回这个数,错误返回0double strtod(char *str,char *endptr)将字符串str转换成双精度数,并返回这个数,long strtol(char *str,char *endptr,int base)将字符串str转换成长整型数, 并返回这个数,int matherr(struct exception *e) 用户修改数学错误返回信息函数(没有必要使用)double _matherr(_mexcep why,char *fun,double *arg1p,double *arg2p,double retval) 用户修改数学错误返回信息函数(没有必要使用)unsigned int _clear87() 清除浮点状态字并返回原来的浮点状态void _fpreset() 重新初使化浮点数学程序包unsigned int _status87() 返回浮点状态字-目录函数,所在函数库为dir.h、dos.hint chdir(char *path) 使指定的目录path（如:C:WPS）变成当前的工作目录,成功返回0int findfirst(char *pathname,struct ffblk *ffblk,int attrib)查找指定的文件,成功返回0pathname为指定的目录名和文件名,如C:WPSTXT ffblk为指定的保存文件信息的一个结构,定义如下: struct ffblk char ff_reserved21; char ff_attrib; int ff_ftime; int ff_fdate; long ff_fsize; char ff_name13; attrib为文件属性,由以下字符代表 FA_RDONLY 只读文件FA_LABEL 卷标号 FA_HIDDEN 隐藏文件FA_DIREC 目录 FA_SYSTEM 系统文件FA_ARCH 档案 例: struct ffblk ff; findfirst(*.wps,&ff,FA_RDONLY);int findnext(struct ffblk *ffblk) 取匹配finddirst的文件,成功返回0void fumerge(char *path,char *drive,char *dir,char *name,char *ext) 此函数通过盘符drive(C:、A:等),路径dir(TC、BCLIB等), 文件名name(TC、WPS等),扩展名ext(.EXE、.COM等)组成一个文件名 存与path中.int fnsplit(char *path,char *drive,char *dir,char *name,char *ext) 此函数将文件名path分解成盘符drive(C:、A:等),路径dir(TC、BCLIB等), 文件名name(TC、WPS等),扩展名ext(.EXE、.COM等),并分别存入相应的变量中.int getcurdir(int drive,char *direc) 此函数返回指定驱动器的当前工作目录名称 drive 指定的驱动器(0=当前,1=A,2=B,3=C等) direc 保存指定驱动器当前工作路径的变量 成功返回0char *getcwd(char *buf,iint n) 此函数取当前工作目录并存入buf中,直到n个字 节长为为止.错误返回NULLint getdisk() 取当前正在使用的驱动器,返回一个整数(0=A,1=B,2=C等)int setdisk(int drive) 设置要使用的驱动器drive(0=A,1=B,2=C等), 返回可使用驱动器总数int mkdir(char *pathname) 建立一个新的目录pathname,成功返回0int rmdir(char *pathname) 删除一个目录pathname,成功返回0char *mktemp(char *template) 构造一个当前目录上没有的文件名并存于template中char *searchpath(char *pathname) 利用MSDOS找出文件filename所在路径, ,此函数使用DOS的PATH变量,未找到文件返回NULL-进程函数,所在函数库为stdlib.h、process.hvoid abort() 此函数通过调用具有出口代码3的_exit写一个终止信息于stderr， 并异常终止程序。无返回值int exec装入和运行其它程序int execl( char *pathname,char *arg0,char *arg1,char *argn,NULL)int execle( char *pathname,char *arg0,char *arg1,char *argn,NULL,char *envp)int execlp( char *pathname,char *arg0,char *arg1,NULL)int execlpe(char *pathname,char *arg0,char *arg1,NULL,char *envp)int execv( ch