高中英语 Module 1 Grammar 1Passive voice课件 外研版必修3

Passivevoice 被动语态的定义 语态是动词的一种形式 用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系 当主语是谓语动作的执行者 则为主动语态 当主语是谓语动作的承受者 则为被动语态 被动语态由助动词be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 一 何时使用被动语态 1 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 Paperismadefromwood Hewaswoundedinthefight 2 需要强调动作的承受者时 Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn tbetakenaway Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest 3 为了使语气婉转 避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态 或由于修饰的需要 使用被动语态 使句子得以更好的安排 Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth Electricityisusedtorunmachines 二 被动语态的构成1 be done可以是被动语态 也可以是系表结构形式 被动语态中 done可以带by短语 而系表结构中done相当于adj 不带by短语 Thequestionissettled 系表结构 Suchquestionsaresettledbyus 被动语态 Thecompositioniswellwritten 系表结构 Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare 被动语态 2 许多verbs broken interested shut worried 既可以用做adj 也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词 句中如果有by 通常是被动语态 Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight 表状态 Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight 表动作 TheglasswasbrokenbyJack 表动作 Theglassisbroken 表状态 三 不同形式的被动语态1 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构 变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语 Heshowedmehispictures Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim Auntmademeanewdress Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt 2 含有复合宾语的主动句 宾补不变 1 将宾语变为主语 宾补不变 TheycallherXiaoLi SheiscalledXiaoLi 2 make let have hear watch see feel notice 使役动词后做宾补的不定式一般不加to 变为被动 必须加to 1 MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung 2 Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung 3 DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine 3 情态动词的被动语态是由情态动词 be p p 构成 Theycannotfindhim Hecannotbefound Youmustpaymeforthis Imustbepaidforthis 4 短语动词的被动语态一般来讲 只有及物动词才有被动语态 因为只有及物动词才能有动作的承受者 但有许多由不及物动词 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词 相当于及物动词 可以有宾语 因而可以有被动语态 但应注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词 这样的短语有 lookafter listento lookat payattentionto takecareof lookforwardto makeuseof Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirebrigadearrived Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire brigadearrived 5 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义 Thegoodssellswell Thedoorcan topen 6 有些词如want need require和beworth后面加v ing形式为主动 意义为被动 Theroomneeds wants requirescleaning Thebookisworthreading 7 主动语态中的宾语是从句 变成被动时使用形式替代词it WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry It sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry 8 宾语为反身代词 相互代词及虚词it时 不用被动 只用主动 Iwilldoitmyself ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr Wang 9 谓语动词是以下时 无被动 happen belongto suit fit 适合 have let join fall last cost 花费 breakout 爆发 appear burstout 迸发 hold 容纳 lack 缺乏 agreewith 同意 10 据说类动词 say consider think report know believe suggest understand hope etc 如 Itissaidthat Thereissaidtobe Sth Sb issaidto 11 主动形式表被动 感官动词 sound taste smell fell look seem等主语是物时 一些vi 主动形式表被动含义 open close shut read write translate wash clean lock sell wear cut cook eat weigh drink pay draw etc 不定式toblame tolet 出租 作表语时 主动形式表被动含义 Youaretoblame Thehouseistolet 表某物需要的need want require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义 Thehouseneeds wants requirerepairing beworth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义 Thebookisworthreading Makethesesentencespassive 1 AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeachyear Florenceisvisitedbyaboutamilliontouristseachyear 2 TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear 3 LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci 4 Picassodidn tpainttheMonaLisa TheMonaLisawasn tpaintedbyPicasso 5 ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina TheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltbythousandsofworkers Example TheSagradaFimiliawasdesignedbyanEnglisharchitect Spanish No itwasn t ItwasdesignedbyaSpanisharchitect 1 TheLouvreArtGalleryislocatedinAthen Paris No itisn t It slocatedinParis 2 Parisissituatedonthecoast RiverSeine No itisn t ItissituatedontheRiverSeine 3 Florenceisvisitedbyeightmilliontouristseveryyear onemillion No itisn t Itisvisitedbyonemilliontouristseveryyear 4 Barcelonaisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization Athens No itisn t Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization 5 TheParthenonwasbuiltahundredyearsago 2 400yearsago No itisn t TheParthenonwasbuilt2 400yearsago 课后练习 将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态 每空一词 1 Allthepeoplemadefunofhim He byallthepeople 2 Thewholecountryuseselectricitywidely Electricity inthewholecountry wasmadefunof iswidelyused 3 Peoplesaythathousepricewillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewyears thathousepricewillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewyears 4 Weexpectallthestudentstocomeearlytoschool Allthestudents tocomeearlytoschool Itissaid areexpected 5 Wefoundhimworkinginthefieldswhenwearrived He inthefieldswhenwearrived 6 Thefathermadetheboyworkonthefarmduringsummerholidays Theboy onthefarmduringsummerholidays wasfoundworking wasmadetowork 7 Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman Thesickman bythenurse 8 Peopleallovertheworld