高考英语阅读理解考点聚焦及例题讲解.doc

Xupeisen110 高中英语高考英语阅读理解考点聚焦及例题讲解一、考点聚焦1、题型特点阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的能力。中学英语教学大纲规定，中学生应侧重培养阅读理解能力。阅读材料的选取原则为：（1）阅读量不少于1000个单词。近三年超过2000字篇数为5篇，读速要求为44.2，44.6和46.3wpm。（2）题材多样化，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、史地、经济、新闻报道乃至广告说明。（3）体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。2、试题要求（1）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。（4）既理解某句、某段的意义也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。（5）能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。3、基本能力（1）能迅速看准每句的结构，抓住主句的主语、谓语、宾语。（2）有一定的词汇量和辨词能力。（3）能灵活运用所学语法知识，根据句中的某个词迅速断定真假、语态和时态等。（4）对英美文化背景知识有一定了解。（5）有良好的思维能力，能边看边加工所得到的信息，从而作出正确分析、判断和综合。（6）有平时大量阅读作基础，有一定的语感和相当的阅读速度。 二、应试技巧点拨1、四个步骤（1）速读短文，了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。（2）看题。了解考查内容，带着问题读材料，寻找答案。（3）复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。（4）核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能找到（从文中）根据，确保正确无误。2、四个善于（1）关于审题，找出文中依据。（2）善于寻找线索。（3）善于抓主题句，解决概括题。（4）善于筛选、比较、衡量、综合文章的有用信息。3、三个避免（1）只见树木不见林。（2）难题耗时太多。（3）阅读方式不当。%三、精典范例 例1 （NMET 2001）Shanghai: Car rentals（出租）are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Years Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees（白领雇员），who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co.( )1. The words deluxe sedans,minivansand station wagonsused in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firmsC.cars for rent D.car makers( )2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.B. 70% of the customers are while-collar employees.C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.( )3. Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to _.A. better cars supplied by producers.B. fast service offered by car rental firms.C. the increasing number of white-collar emplioyees.D. peoples growing interest in travelling during holidays.例2：（2004年全国卷II）Rome had the Forum. London has Speakers Corner. Now alwayson the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk.Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says,Talk to Me.they attract conversatio- nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.They dont collect money. They dont push religion(宗教). So whats the point?To see what happens, said Liz.We simply enjoy life with open communication（交流）.Shortly after the September 11,2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.It started as a crazy idea,Liz said.We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything.Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.Marcia had lost her husband to a serious disease.That was very heavy on my mind,Marcia said.To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,she explained.To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say theyll consider.1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September 2001?A. Chatting with people. B. Setting up street signsC. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speakers corner2. What they have been doing can be described as .A. pointless B. normal C. crazy D. successful3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text?A. They knew Liz and Bill very well.B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.C. They organized the get-together in the city park.D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future?A. Go in for publishing. B. Do more television programs.C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time reading books.5. How do they like they idea of writing a book?A. They have decided to wait a year or twoB. They will think about it carefullyC. They agreed immediately D. They find it hard to do that例3：My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my work for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: Mrs.Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision（视觉模糊）ever since her medical test this morning.I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems.This week my patients had questioned everything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting(用代替)St . Johns word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes.My second reaction was worry. As I looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. Shes probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldnt have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone.What I next felt can only be described as delight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-raytechnician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know why.Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose（诊断），treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too.1.The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew . A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests B. the patient was being unreasonableC. the nurse was joking with him D. Mrs. Jones would call him2. What had caused Mrs . Jones eye problem?A. Wrong glasses B. Medical checkup.C. Her own imagination D. Chatting on the Internet3.The underlined wordsclouded her judgmentin the last paragraph probably mean .A. made her less trustful toward the doctorB. put her in control of her own feelingsC. made her less able to think clearly D. put her in a dangerous situation例4：Its not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars cant : run on solar energyenergy from the suns light and head!Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology（神话）。The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of green,or environmen- tally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save enengy. Its not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency（耗油量）rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students.A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road.That was my favorite part,says Anna Browne,15.We explained how the car runs.Due in part to old, inefficient batteries（电池），Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind, the sun-powered class.We were there for the fun of it,Anna says,Were proud of Helios,says Ariel Gleicher, 14.Its a car thats good for the environment.1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?A. It was built by middle school studentsB. It has an attractive designC. It was made in 1971 D. It won the fourth prize2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?A. 1 B. 4 C. 23 D. 443. What would be the best title for the text?A. The Making of Helios B. 1999 American Tour de SolC. Sun-powered Gars on the Road D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut 4. The students felt proud of Helios because . A. it could run as far as 350 miles B. it was favored by many childrenC. it had high-quality batteriesD. it was driven by clean energy例5：The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.By 9:45,everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:308:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.But this is not always the case. If asked to a students party at 6:30pm, it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrivelooking eageris social death. When my mother asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties)falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think were young. Were probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.The accepted custom at present is confusing（混乱的），sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element（成分）of surprise.1. The underlined wordsoff their headsprobably mean .A. tired B. crazy C. curious D. hopeless2. Jane and Davids story is used to show that .A. party-goers usually get hungry at partiesB. party invitations can be confusingC. people should ask for food at partiesD. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students party will probably be considered .A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtfulC. friendly and polite D. socially unacceptable4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties .A. are likely to arrive late for a partyB. care little about the party timeC. havent really grown up yetD. like surprises at parties5. What is the general idea of the text? .A. Its safe to arrive late just when food is servedB. Its wise to eat something before going to a partyC. Its important to follow social rules of party-goingD. Its necessary to read invitations carefully例6：Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the French film festival(电影节)in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme dOr, the festivals top prize. The festival ru