最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配.doc

最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般过去时yesterday(afternoon), last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, today, this week etc.一般现在时频度adv.every ,on/at/over weekends, once a week 一般将来时next year, tomorrow, in the future,before long etc.现在进行时now,right now, at present,at this moment, these days过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, this time yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening when, while, then etc.现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently, before etc.过去完成时by the time, until, when, after, since, (long) before etc.现在完成进行时 all this time, this week(month.), all night(the morning), recently,及since和 for引导的状语过去将来时多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作一、一般现在时1.表示经常习惯的动作(频率词) It often snows here. He gets up at 6 every day.2.表示主语现在的特征或状态 He loves sports. We are in the same class.3.表示永恒不变的真理和事实或格言警句 Knowledge is power. The sun rises in the east. 特殊用法：1.按计划(时间表/时刻表/日程表)将要发生，句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时,要用一般现在时1.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _A_ off at 8:20. (06四川)A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken2.The train _leaves_ at three this afternoon.2.状语从句“主将从现”时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中用现在时表示将来 “主将从现” if/when/until/as soon as/though.一般现在时:表示将要发生的动作 现在完成时:表示将来已经完成的动作1.If their marketing plans succeed, they _A_ their sales by 20 percent. (2008全国2)A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing2.I _C_ leave at the end of this month. Really? I dont think you should leave until you _ another job. A. am going to, find B. will, will found C. am going to, have found D. will, had found二、一般过去时1.表在过去发生的和现在没有联系的动作或状态明示:yesterday, ago, last , just now, in 1990暗示:when I was a little girl, when he put on his coat2.描述过去的情况言外之意:只有过去如此 现在并非如此Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. (2009全国I) A. didnt know B. hadnt known （A） C. dont know D. havent known三、一般将来时1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态Ill return you the book next week. Shell be twenty years old next year.2.表示一种倾向或习惯动作Well die without air or water. Whenever Im in trouble, hell come to help me.表示将来时的六种形式 will /shall +动词原形（单纯的将来/说话时的临时决定） be going to do(客观计划) be about to do(即将/马上要做某事) be to do(表示职责命令,相当于should/must;或表示“注定”)(可用于条件句中） be doing(瞬间动词用表将来) 一般现在时(强调动作“列入日程”)1) be going to 表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事情，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。 Kate is in hospital. （A） Oh, really? I _. _ visit her. A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go and C. dont know; Im going to D. didnt know; Im going to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? （C） -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 2) be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3) be about to do =be on the point of doing表示说话时就要发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 常构成句型： be about to do when. when 并列连词 就在这时 I was about to leave when it rained. 4). be to do 表示约定,计划be going to;职责、义务;命令、要求;可以；想要；不可避免,注定要发生的事等(过去式was/were to do) be to do 可用于条件从句中 The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time.(计划) You are to report to the police.(要求) You are not to make noises in the classroom.(命令) Such people are to be found everywhere. (可以) If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.(想要) This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.(注定要发生) You are to answer for what you have done. .(注定要发生) Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing. (虚拟条件句)5)某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. （A） A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been 6)一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to )四、现在进行时1.此刻正在进行的动作(look, listen, now) We are having an English lesson now.2.短期内持续的动作(当时不一定在进行) Im preparing for the test these months.3.与always, usually, all the time, forever, continually, constantly连用，表示某种情绪, You are always forgetting the important things. My teacher is forever criticizing us. My wife is asking me for money all the time.特殊用法： 1. 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week. 2. 表示“存在,所有,知觉,认识,感情”等状态的词一般不用于进行时态存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound(听起来), look /seem /appear (看起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来),feel (摸起来), see ,hear认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think情感： like, love, hate , prefer, 3.表示委婉意义 某些动词，如hope，want，wonder等与进行时连用时，常探询式地表示一种愿望或态度。此用法在语言上 显得含蓄、委婉，如果改用现在时，则显得不那么隐讳且稍欠礼貌。 Im hoping to borrow some money.我希望借些钱。 I was wondering if you could help me. 不知道你能否帮助我。 4.be有时可用于进行时，强调短暂的行为或表示“故意”；而一般现在时则表示永久的特征。 You are not being modest. 你这样说不谦虚。You are not modest. 你不是一个虚心的人。 You are being stupid. 你在装糊涂/你这是一时糊涂。 You are stupid 你很糊涂。 五、过去进行时1、在过去某一时间点/某一时间段正在进行的动作 标志词：at that time / moment / at this time yesterday2、过去进行时(作背景)+一般过去时I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_.(06安徽) （C）A.went, was occurring B. went, occurred C. was going, occurred D. was going, had occurred六、现在完成时1.过去的动作对现在产生直接影响Why does the Lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water _.(09福建) A. have polluted B. is being polluted （D） C. has been polluted D. have been polluted2.始于过去并持续到现在的动作(+时间段)标志词：since, so far, in the past years, in the recent years:从过去到现在的几年- _ David and Vicky _ married? -For about three years. (2003北京) （C） A. How long werebeing B. How long havegot C. How long have been D. How long didgetIt/This is the . time that +现在完成时 It/This was the . time that +过去完成时一般过去时可以和明确过去时间搭配 现在完成时不可以All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _ . (2003全国) （C） A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)A. works B. is working （C） C. has worked D. worked七、过去完成时1 在过去之前发生的动作 “过去的过去”by the end of +过去时间/be the time +从句(用一般过去时),其主句用过去完成时The film had already begun when I got there./They had left before I returned./ We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)2 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.3 用于hardly when ;no sooner than （一就）等句子中 Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.4 hope ,think, expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等用于过去完成,表示过去未实现的希望或意图 I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found.5 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you .八、现在完成进行1 在不用时间状语的情况下,现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行.而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束The students have been preparing for the exam. （还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared