初二英语-句子成分及基本句型讲解.doc

初二英语-句子成分及基本句型分析教学目的1、 掌握句子成分及其用法，学会分析；2、 掌握五种基本句型；3、 掌握解题技巧重点难点重点：1、理解并活运用基本句型。难点：1、句子成分及分析。 2、解题技巧及方法。教学内容即学即练即学即练 课前一句 Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hardworking will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone! 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力地学习，更加勤奋地操练。 你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。教师寄语 播下一个行动，收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。老师真心希望你越来越优秀！加油，谢德阳！相信自己！ 智能梳理 一、主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) To be a teacher is my dream.Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。即学即练二、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。三、宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practice，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window?有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)即学即练挑出下列句子中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D四.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。即学即练 找出下列句子中的定语TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname? A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D五.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：He is old enough to go to school.六.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)七.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedaboutJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Sheisthe firstto learnabout it. A B C D挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. A B C D TheycallmeLilysometimes. A B C DIsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D挑出下列句中的状语Thereisa big smileon her face. A B C DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs. A B C D Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C DThe manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C DWith the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（ ） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?智能梳理 如：The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 My head aches. The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到） It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来） 如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 如：They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.（宾补） 他总使我们笑。 专项突破 .听力测试。（共20个小题，计20分）A. 情景反应。（共7个小题，每小题1分，计7分）本题共有7个小题，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答语并将其番号填入题前括号内。（每小题念两遍）( )1. A. Fine, thanks. B. Nice to meet you. C. Im a worker.( )2. A. Thursday. B. June 10. C. My birthday.( )3. A. Thank you all the same. B. Its nice of you.C. Thanks a lot.( )4. A. Hold on, please. B. Thats all right. C. What a pity.( )5. A. Yes, do please. B. My pleasure. C. Thats right.( )6. A. Yes, here you are. B. Youre welcome. C. No, thank you.( )7. A. How are you like?B. How do you do? C. What do you do?B. 对话理解。 (共8个小题，每小题1分，计8分) 本题共有8个小题，请根据你所听到的对话及问题，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内。(每小题念三遍)( )8. A. Electronic dictionaries. B. Mobile phones. C. MP4 players.( )9. A. David. B. Nobody. C. Rosa.( )10. A. Cats. B. Snakes. C. Mice.( )11. A. School life. B. Summer holiday. C. Shopping.( )12. A. Last night. B. Yesterday afternoon. C. This evening.()13. A. Once a day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.()14. A. About 8:30. B. About 9:30. C. About 10:30.( )15. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hospital. C. In a cinema.C. 短文理解。 (共5个小题，每小题1分，计5分) 请根据你所听到的短文，从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内。(短文念三遍)( )16. My family lived in _ before I was 12 years old. A. the city B. town C. the mountains( )17. I spent _ walking to school every morning. A. half an hour B. one hour C. one and a half hours( )18. I could meet _ on the way to school. A. my friends B. my parents C. nobody( )19. There were _ students in my class. A. 12 B. 20 C. 40( )20. I could see _ there. A. the seaB. many high buildings C. many kinds of flowers 能力提升 chance cover in pain in trouble medical Tony: Daming is training hard for the big match.Lingling: Yes, the team has a good (1) _this year. Tony: Oh no, Damings (2)_. Hes down!Lingling: It looks like hes (3) _ Tony: Daming, what happened? Daming: Its my leg. Lingling: (4) _him with my coat. Tony: But dont move him. Lets wait for someone with (5) _training. Lingling: Ok. chance ,in trouble,in pain,Cover ,medical clear inside power rock trouble warnInformation is coming in that there could be (1)_because of heavy rain in the north. The government is (2)_people about falling (3)_. Some roads have a lot of rocks on them, but people are trying to (4) _them quickly. In some places there is no(5)_.And people must stay (6)_to keep away from falling rocks。 Trouble,warning ,rocks ,clear, power ,inside 从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话。AWhat can I do for you?BIm going to England for my holiday.CYou are welcome.DWith pleasure!EWhat should I call people there?FIts very kind of you.GAnd you mustnt talk loudly in public places.A: Hi, Peter！Where are you going for your winter holiday?x k b 1 . c o mB: Hi, Bill！1._ Can you tell me some rules and customs in England?A: 2._ First, you should drive on the left side of the road.B: OK！Whats the next?A: 3._B: I see.Is there anything else?A: Its not polite to ask personal questions, like “How old are you？” and “Whats your salary (薪水) ？” B: 4._A: You can call them Mr, Mrs, Ms or Miss before their family name.B: Great.Thanks very much.A: 5._ 课外拓展 Special buildings in Japan Earthquakes are very common in Japan. Many can cause a lot of damage. But now there are new ways of constructing buildings to make them safer and stronger during earthquakes. The Yokohama Landmark Tower is one of the tallest buildings in Japan. It is heavy and strong. It sits on rollers. This means the earth can rise and fall beneath the building without shaking it. 反思总结 本节课，你的收获是什么呢？ 课后作业 Homework： 1. 熟记本次课所讲的语法点，完成讲义上课后作业； 2. 将课上所做的错题整理到错题本上； 3. 下次课前做好复习，上课听写。 American people have the habit of saying “Thank you” when something kind is done for them or something polite is said to them, no matter how easy the thing is. This habit is learned by people of many 1 countries.You should say “Thank you” when someone 2 you the salt on the table, when someone steps aside to let you 3 in a corridor (走廊) , when someone 4 ahead of you keeps the door open _5_ you, when someone says your work is well _6_ or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is _7_ not only between strangers or new friends, but also between old friends, parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. Parents often tell _8_ children that they should say “Thank you” in answering to a kind word or act when they are only four _9_ five years old. Perhaps thats _10_ almost everyone has got this habit.1A. others Banother Cother Delse2A. puts Bpasses Ccarries Dborrows3A. pass Bjump Csing Ddance4A. jumps Bwalks Csits Dwalking5A. to Bwith Cfor Don6A. made Bdone Cbuilt Ddoing7A. tell Bsaid Cto say Dtold8A. his Btheirs Ctheirs Dtheir | 1 . c| O |m9A. but Band Cor Dso10 A. why Bbecause Cwhen Dreason ALadies firstIn America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above. On the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic (交通)But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them. Then if the host (主人) or hostess (女主人) or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there are no people sitting on it.1In America, men usually _.Awalk ahead of women Beat in a restaurantCwalk behind women Ddrive a car to work2In the street, men _.Across the street Bwalk on the right side of the ladiesCwalk near the ladies Dwalk on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic3If a man walks with two ladies, he should _.Awalk between them Brun before themCfollow them Dgo away4If a man asks you to speak at a meeting, first you should say, “_” AHow are you? BIs everyone here?来源:学,科,网CLadies and gentlemen. DHow do you do?5If Mrs Green invites you to her house in a car, you should _.Ajump into the car Bsit at the front seatCsit at the back seat Ddrive the carBEnjoying Dinner with Friends in AmericaAmericans, like many people elsewhere in the world, like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food, drink and conversation. Formal dinners, in fine homes and hotels in the United States are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. But as most people in the United States have no servants (佣人) , their dinner parties at home are mostly informal. Guests may sit down at a table, or, as many new small homes have no separate (单独的) dining room or very small dining space, guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room, holding their plates on their knees.A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the picnic. Americans are great picnickers, and almost every family has a picnic basket. Summer invitations are often for a picnic at a park or in the open countryside. Unless hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire, picnic food is usually cold sandwiches, salads, potato chips, etc. Watermelon is a favourite dessert, followed very often by baseball for the young and active, and naps (打盹) for the weary (疲惫的； 困乏的) 6What do most Americans like to do?ATo entertain friends at home with food and drink.BTo invite friends to some fine homes.CTo spend an evening with friends in the country.7Why do most Americans prefer informal parties?ABecause they have no servants to help them.BBecause their houses are too small to hold formal dinner parties.CBecause it takes them too much time to prepare formal parties.8Where do guests sit and eat at informal dinner?AAt a table in the dinning room.BIn the living room.CBoth A and B.9According to the passage, what do people usually NOT have for a picnic?ACooked food. BHot food. CCold food.10Why is the picnic said to be a more enjoyable form of entertainment?ABecause people can be closer to nature.BBecause a dessert is served.CBecause the whole family can have it together.C阅读短文，完成下列任务。Both th