2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第一套(无答案).doc

2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第一套第1部分：词汇选项1.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory B. diligent C. qualified D. competent2. It is difficult to assess the importance of the decision.A evaluate B comment C discuss D report3.Mary has blended the ingredients.A mixed B made C cooked D eaten4.They agreed to modify their policy.A clarify B change C define D develop5.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A play B send6. He is renowned for his skill.A remembered B recomm C praised D well-known7. You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.A maintain B establish C acquire D support8.These are our motives for doing it.A. reasons B. arguments C. targets D. stimuli9.Smoking is not permitted in the office.A. probably B. possible C. admitted D. allowed10.I feel regret about whats happened.A. sorry B. disappointed C. shameful D. disheartened11.They always mock me because I am ugly.A. smile at B. look down on C belitt D. laugh at12.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.A. frightened B. killed C. endangered D. rescued13.They are endeavoring to change society as a wholeA. trying B. working C. doing D. making14.The story was touching.A. inspiring B. boring C. moving D. frightening15.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.A. an easy B. a playful C. an open D. a better第2部分：阅读判断Health Care in the USHealth care in the US is well-known but very expensive. Paying the doctors bill after a major illness or accident can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.In the US, a persons company, not the government, pays for health insurance.Employers have contracts with insurance companies, which pay for all or part of employees doctors bills.The amount that the insurance company will pay out to a patient differs wildly. It all depends on what insurance the employer pays. The less the boss pays to the insurance company, the more the employee has to pay the hospital each time he or she gets sick. In 2004, the average worker paid an extra US$558 a year, according to a San Francisco report.The system also means many Americans fall through the cracks (遭遗漏). In 2004, only 61 per cent of the population received health insurance through their employers, according to the report. The unemployed, self-employed, part-time workers and graduated students with no jobs were not included.Most US university students have a gap between their last day of school and their first day on the job. Often, they are no longer protected by their parents insurance because they are now considered independent adults. They also cannot buy university health insurance because they are no longer students.Another group that falls through the gap of the US system is international students. All are required to have health insurance and cannot begin their classes without it. But exact policies (保险单) differ from school to school.Most universities work with health insurance companies and sell their own standard plan for students. Often, buying the school plan is required, but luckily its also cheaper than buying direct from the insurance company.16 In the US, a persons company buys him or her health insuranceA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 All employees in the US have the same kind of health insurance.ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned18 In 2004, most of the unemployed in the US were women.ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned19 In the US, graduated students with no jobs can buy university health insuranceARight B Wrong C Not mentioned20 All international students in the US have to buy health insuranceARight B Wrong C Not mentioned21 The international students in the US work harder than the American studentsARight B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The health care system_ in the US takes care of everyone in the country.ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis1When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子), which I hope will help others.2During the first few weeks of emotional aftershocks (余悸) from the diagnosis, I found myself unable to utter the word cancer. Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that Id had a biopsy (活检) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said, What we feared has happened. They immediately knew what I meant.3Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people I was diagnosed with cancer instead of saying I have cancer. On some deep level, I dont want to own this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your new. And keep in mind that there is no one right way of doing this.4Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step.They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy (诊疗) and/or chemotherapy (化疗). They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can, but keep in mind that I dont know right now or Im still in too much shock to think about that are good answers.5Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Dont overwhelm (使不知所措) very young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word cancer, so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.23 Paragraph 2. 24 Paragraph 3.25 Paragraph 4. 26 Paragraph 5.ABreak the news as calmly as possible to childrenBBreak the news at your own paceCShare the good news with your friends DChoose language that suits youEFollow your doctors advice FBe prepared for peoples curiosity27 You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying.28 When breaking the news about your diagnosis, you can have.29 After hearing about your diagnosis, people will ask questions.30 Very young children wont feel comfortable.Ayour own choice of words Bthe word cancerCthe positive steps Dabout the next stepEon too many answers Fwith too much information第4部分：阅读理解Sleepwalking (梦游)Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isnt physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when in fact, theyre asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.Sleepwalkers eyes are open, but they dont see the same way they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they wont remember it in the morning.Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sleepwalking may run in families (在家族中世代相传) and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is stressed (紧张).If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, its a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional sleepwalking generally isnt something to worry about, although it may look funny or even scary (骇人的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.Although occasional sleepwalking isnt a big deal, its important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions (预防措施) should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.31 When does sleepwalking usually occur?ADuring active sleep, BDuring deep sleep.CIn the daytime. DIn the early morning.32 What most sleepwalkers do isAsimply sit up. Bsimply stand in bed.Cget up and walk for some time Dget up and walk for hours33 Sleepwalkers usually go back to bedAafter waking up. Bafter being woken up.Cwith the help of others. Dby themselves.34 Youd better go and see a doctor if youAsee a sleepwalker in action. Bnever sleepwalk,Csleepwalk frequently. Dsleepwalk occasionally35 Measures should be taken toAkeep sleepwalkers safe. Bprevent people from sleepwalkingCavoid running into sleepwalkers. Dhelp people sleep well.Too Late to Regret itWhen I was a junior, I met a second-year student in my department. He wasnt tall or good-looking, but he was very nice, attractive and athletic. He had something that I admired very much. He was natural, warm, and sincere.I disregarded (不顾) my parents disapproval. We were very happy together. He picked me up from my dorm every morning, and after class we would sit alongside the stream that ran through campus, or sunbathe (晒太阳) on the lawn. At night he would walk me back to my dorm. He came from a poor family, but in order to make me happy, he borrowed money from his friend to buy presents and meals for me. Our fellow students looked up to him as a role model, and the girls envied (妒忌) me. He wasnt a local, but wanted to stay here after graduation. I thought we had a future together.However, when I got a part-time job during the summer vacation, people began giving me a lot of pressure, saying that a pretty, intelligent girl like me should find a better guy to spend time with. This was also what my family thought. He spent the summer in his hometown, so I was all by myself. When he got back, I began finding fault with him. But his big heart and warmth soon drove all unpleasant thoughts away. However, I had no idea how badly I had hurt him and that things would get worse.I had a good part4ime job off campus that paid pretty well. With my good performance at school, I also got admission to graduate school at one of Chinas best universities. He, on the other hand, did not do so well at school or at work. I had to worry about his living expenses, job and scores.Almost all my colleagues and friends advised me to break up with him. Then we had a quarrel last June. He was in great pain, and my cold words and bad moods started turning him away.Graduation time was drawing near, and he said he wanted to go back to his hometown. He said that he couldnt put up with me anymore. I was shocked and looked at him in despair.True love happens only once, but I found it out too late.36 When did the author fall in love with the boy?AWhen she was a junior. BAfter she had a quarrel with him.CWhen she was a second-year student. DAfter she found a part-time job.37 What did he do to make her happy?AHe studied much harder. BHe often took her for a ride.CHe often bought her presents and meals. DHe always endured her insults.38 Who advised her to break up with him?AHis parents. BHer teachers.CTheir fellow students. DHer colleagues and friends.39 Why did he leave her?ABecause he hated her. BBecause he could no longer bear her.CBecause his parents needed taking care of DBecause he wasnt a local.40 Upon learning that he would leave her, she wasAvery happy. Bextremely joyful. Cin great pain. Dquite relieved.Arctic MeltEarths North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low1.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover2. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness - becoming 1.13 meters thinner.Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. Thats 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. Andits a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concernedThere may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington3 in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water4.Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5Celsius warmer than average and 1.5 warmer than the previous record high5.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea6, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3m thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by seasons end.The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H.7Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.词汇：Arctic n.北极，北极圈;adj.北极的；the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋；shrink v.萎缩;缩小，减少；oceanographer n.海洋学家；skimpy adj.缺乏的，不足的；centimeter n.厘米；geophysicist n.地球物理学家注释：1. fell to a record low: 跌到历史最低点。record 作形容词时，意思是“空前的，创记 录的”。Record low 的反义词是 record high: 历史最高点。2. ice cover: 冰覆盖量3. University of Washington: 华盛顿大学，创建于 l861 年，座落在美国华盛顿州西雅图 市东北角，所以又称西雅图华盛顿大学，是美国着名的公立研究型大学。4. open water: 没有冰覆盖的海面5. record high : 见注释1。6. the Beaufort Sea: 波弗特海，是北冰洋边缘海，位于美国阿拉斯加州东北岸和加拿大 西北岸，海中岛屿稀少，有无岛海之称。7. Hanover，N.H：新罕布什尔州汉诺威市。N.H.是 New Hampshire 的缩写。该州位于美 国新英格兰地区。1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word build in the first sentence of the second paragraph?A) Construct. B) Extend. C) Create. D) Expand.2. What is the ice cover in the Arctic by the end of 2007 summer?A) 4.2 million square kilometers. B) 11.4 million square kilometers. C) 1.13 million square kilometers. D) 38 million square kilometers.3. What are the reasons for the ice melt according to the scientists?A) Strong winds and clear skies. B) Long summer and short winter.C) Open water and thin ice. D) Light clouds and light winds.4. Why is the ice melting from both above and below?A) Because extra heat warms the air.B) Because extra heat warms the water.C) Because the temperature above the water is higher. D) Both A and B.5. What can be a possible title for the passage?A) What are scientists looking for in the Arctic Ocean? B) What are scientists doing in the Arctic Ocean?C) Why are scientists worrying about the Arctic Ocean? D) Why are scientists interested in the Arctic Ocean?答案与题解：1.D build 是个多义词，四个选项都是该词的潜在词义。但在第二段的第一句中，build 与后半句中 shrink(become smaller)一词相对，意思是 become bigger 之义。Extend 是增 长的意思，不适合用在此处。2.A 答案可在第四段的第二句中找到。该句的意思是：2007 年夏末，冰的覆盖面积已经 缩小至 420 万平方公里。3.A 短文的第五和第六段回答了这个问题。第五段告诉我们，由于强风的原因，大面积海 面仅有薄冰覆盖或没有冰层覆盖。第六段告诉我们，晴朗的天空使太阳直接照射海面，导致 高温。所以 A 是正确选择。B 的内容没有在文中提到。C 的表述内容是间接原因，是刮强风 的结果。D 选项中，light clouds 的确是 ice melt 的原因，但 fight winds 是错误的理解。4.D 答案可在倒数第三段第一句话中找到。from both above and below 的意思是：无论 从海水上面还是底下，也就是说，无论是海水还是海面上的空气。所以 A 和 B 都回答了问题 ： 高温不但可能使水温增高，也使气温增高。5.C 本文描述了科学家对北冰洋冰覆盖量的研究，研究结果是 Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover.(北冰洋变暖的趋势可能不会逆转)。第四段最后一句说：This continuing trend has scientists concerned，短文最后一句也 告诉我们，科学家对这种趋势十分忧虑(fear)。所以，C 是本题的答案。第5部分：补全短文Read with Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class?If so,a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read，even when the students are good at other subjects._(46)Researchers from Yale University,US,studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State.As part of the study，37 struggling readers received special tutoringEvery day,instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes(音素)_(47)By the end of the school year，these children could read faster than before.They also made fewer mistakes，and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year,As part of their study，the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the studentsbrains._(48)This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read.This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly.In lower