八年级英语下册第五单元知识点整理.doc

八年级英语下册第五单元知识点整理一. 重要词汇和句子1. 助动词 do 用于 条件状语从句 或 答语中 起省略作用, 可使句子更简练. (1)- I think Im going to take the bus to the party . - If you do , youll be late . (2) - Do you like reading harry potter ? - No , I dont . But my sister does .2. have a good great wonderful time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴 过得很愉快 I had a good great wonderful time in the park yesterday .=I had fun in the park yesterday . = I enjoyed myself in the park yesterday .3. let sb. sth. in 让某人 某物进来 Why not let him in ? Youd better open the windows and let some fresh air in .4. organize 动词, “ 组织, 安排, 筹备 ” They are going to organize a picnic .organization 名词, “ 组织, 机构 ” She works for a voluntary organization helping homeless people . organizer 名词, “ 组织者, 建立者 ” The organizers of the concert said they had a great success . 5. take away 拿走, 取走 take ( an active ) part in (积极) 参加 take off 起飞, 脱下 take to 把.带到 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 take a look ( at ) 看一看 take exercise 做运动 take notes 做笔记 take a rest 休息 take ones temperature 量体温take it easy 别着急, 别紧张 take over 接管 6. a good time to do sth 做某事的好时间 March is a good time to plant trees . Autumn is a good time to travel .7. remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事 If I forget , please remind me to write to my mother .8. around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 全世界 Football is very popular around the world all over the world . His dream is to travel around china .9. make a living = for a living 谋生 In this city he drives a taxi to make a living for a living.What does your father do to make a living for a living ? make a living ( by ) doing sth . 以做某事谋生 The old man makes a living (by) hunting .10. 提建议的句子 Why not do sth ? 为什么不做某事 ? Why dont you do sth ? 为什么不做某事 ? What about how about doing ? 做某事怎么样? Would you like to do sth ? 你想 愿意做某事吗? Shall we do sth ? 我们去做某事, 好吗? Lets do sth , shall we ? 让我们做某事, 好吗? Do you want to do sth ? 你想去做某事吗?11. seem like sth 看起来像 It seems like years since I last saw you .自从我上次见到你以后, 好象是过了好几年. Those cards seemed like many little flags .那些卡片看起来好象许多小旗子。 Seem like doing sth . 看起来像做某事 He seemed like forgetting what had happened .12. chance 名词, “ 机会, 机遇 ” We have get a good chance of winning the match . There is little chance of meeting him again . by chance = by accident 偶然地 We met him by chance yesterday . take a chance on sth . 在上冒险 you shouldnt take a chance on that .13. all the time 总是, 一直 They are singing the same song all the time . You can hear them talking and laughing all the time . He stayed at home all the time last night 其它短语: in time 及时 on time 准时 at times 有时 at that time 在那时 at the same time 同时 once upon a time 从前 as time goes on 随着时间地推移 take ones time 不着急 watch ones time 等待时机14. have a difficult time ( in ) doing sth. 难于做某事, 做某事有困难 = have problems ( in) doing sth. = have trouble ( in ) doing sth. We have a difficult time working out the problem . They have some problems getting to the top of the mountain .15. against 介词, “ 反对, 不同意, 抵抗, 对抗, 对不利 ” 反意词 for, “ 赞成 ” There were 20 votes (票) for him and 12 against him . They sailed against the wind .他们顶风航行. You need to wear a coat against the cold .你需要穿上外套防寒. He is standing against the wall . 他靠墙站着.He hit against a tree . 他撞到了树上. We are going to play a basketball match against Class Two on Sunday .16. forget 忘记 forget sth 忘记某物 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 leave sth somewhere 把某物忘在某处 I forgot to turn off the light when I left. I forgot telling him the message and told him again . - Did you forget your homework ? - Yes, I left it at home .17. in class 在课堂上, 上课时 in the class 在班上, 在班里 We must listen to the teachers carefully in class . They can do some activities in class .There are 45 students in the class .18. too much 太多 代替或修饰不可数名词, 或修饰动词 much many 太多 代替或修饰可数名词 much too 太, 非常 后接形容词或副词 He says too much but does little . there is too much rain in summer . I have too many rules at home . He has drunk too much and drives much too fast .19. exercise (1) 不可数名词, “ 锻炼, 练习 ” A lot of exercise is good for your health . You need to do more exercise to keep health . (2 ) 可数名词 , “ 体操, 运动 ” We do morning exercises ( 早操 ) every day . Eye exercises ( 眼保操 ) are important to students . (3 ) 动词 , “ 锻炼 ” how often do you exercise ?20. can be able to (1) can 没有人称的变化, 但有现在时can 和过去时 could 两种时态(2) be able to 有人称的变化, 也有现在时 amisare able to, 过去时 waswere able to 和一般将来时 will be able to 的变化.21. make ( a lot of ) money 挣(许多) 钱22. get a (good ) education 接受 (良好)教育二. if引导的条件状语从句. (一) if 引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的呼应. 1. 如果主句是一般将来时, 从句要用 一般现在时 代替 一般将来时. (1) 从句是肯定句, 主语是第三人称单数时, 行为动词后面要加s es . 否则, 动词用原形. (2) 从句是否定句, 主语是第三人称单数时, 用doesnt + 行为动词原形. 否则, 用 dont + 行为动词用原形 .Well have a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow .If it rains , I will stay at home .Ill go with you if you dont want to go alone .If we have the party today , half the class wont come . 2. 如果主句含有must , may , can 等情态动词, 从句也用一般现在时.If you drive too fast , you may have an accident .You must stop if the traffic light is red .3. 如果主句是祈使句, 从句也用一般现在时. Be careful with your homework if you dont want to make mistakes .(二 ) if引导条件状语从句 与 if引导宾语从句 时的区别 . 1. if引导宾语从句时, 表示 “ 是否, 时不是 ” . 位于及物动词之后.if引导条件状语从句时, 表示 “ 假如, 如果 ” , 位于句首或句末 I dont know if he will come tomorrow . if he comes , Ill call you . 2. 在if引导的宾语从句中, 如果主句是一般现在时, 宾语从句的时态根据需要确定; 如果主句是一般过去时, 宾语从句也要用过去的时态. 而在if引导的条件状语从句中, 要用一般现在时.I dont know if it will rain tomorrow .He asked if I could help him .I can help you if I am free (三) if引导的条件状语从句 练习题选择题1. -I hear Anna will give up learning the piano .- If she _ , her parents will be mad at her . A. will B. does C. do D. is2. I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week . -Really ? _ he comes , my younger sister will be very happy . A. if B. until C. unless D. before3. I bet Mr black will come to help us if he _ too busy tomorrow . A. is B. will be C. wont be D. isnt选词填空 1. What _ ( will would ) happen if they miss the bus