新托福口语第四题.ppt

Q4lecture basedoracademicR L S第四题中首先是一篇学术类短文 75 100个词 45秒种读完 然后听一个教授就此类话题的讲座 大概两分钟左右 然后准备30秒种 responsetimeis60s 一般来说 阅读文章会讲一个或两个概念或定义 一般比较笼统和抽象 但有时也会给出原因或者例子 在教授的讲座中将会通过举例 包括反例 等方式来使阅读材料中的内容更具体 更详实 问题一般会是让你总结一下教授讲座的内容 也就是让你用具体的例子来说明一下文章中的概念 Summary Asummaryisaconcisedescriptionofthemajorpointofsomethingreadorlistenedto Agoodsummaryshouldfocusonthemajorpointsofthesourcematerialandtherefore agoodsummaryshould 1 conveythespeaker soriginalmeaningorintent2 readlikeacoherentandunifiedparagraph Note taking Duringtheprocessofreading weshouldwritedown 1 mainidea主题 title2 Readthroughthewholeparagraph3 在文章的前面两句话中一般会出现一到两个conceptordefinition 要记下来 因为在后面的听力材料中会出现examples4 阅读材料中出现的reasons或者是options Anidomestication OG217 Tamemammals农通NoteasyIndicatorSuitability1 protectiveterritorynonliveclose2 hierarchicalsocialfollowleader 1 examples 标志词 forexample forinstance letmeshowyouanexperimentprocess举两个相反的例子做对比 例子不可能全部记下来但只要主谓宾要记下来 或者要把实验或者进程的过程要记下来 2 因果关系 ETS更倾向于问原因 标志词有thereasonisthat whyis 因果关系是句子关系中比较重要得关系 3 其他的标志词 Thebestthebiggestthemostbuthoweverfurthermore andalsobesidesinadditionThespecialfeatureofisthefunctionofsthisthequalityofsthis Notesforlistening LivetoghinherdsHorsesmovedominantmale domifeyoungsecondfeyongProgramfollowleadOverlapareasfightoffothersame安特劳fightanothermalenosocialhierfollowleader Summary oneexampleOriginaltext Whenaherdmoves thedominantmaleleads withthedominantfemaleandheryoungimmediatelybehindhim Thedominantfemaleandheryoungarefollowedimmediatelybythesecondimportantfemaleandheryoung andsoon Thisiswhydomesticatedhorsescanbeharnessedoneaftertheotherinarow They reprogrammedtofollowtheleadofanotherhorse mysummary Whenhorsesmove theyalwaysfollowaleaderandtheyhaveahierarchicalsocialstructure Template 1 Topic 分成两部分 1 Thereadingpassagedescribesaconceptoradefinitionof orThereadingpassagementionsthat sth 2 Inthelisteningpassagetheprofessorusestwoexamplestoexplainorrefutethedefinitionorconcept Ortheprofessortalksaboutanexperimentoroneofhisorherexperiences 2 Supportingdetails 1 examples 2 examples或者把实验或者进程或者经历的过程说清楚3 Conclusion可以省掉了 Attention 1 TheratiobetweenReadingmaterialandlisteningmaterial 1 5reading15秒以内 10之内最佳 2 无论是阅读还是听力中的笔记 不一定要全部用在speaking中 尤其是听力笔记记得比较好的情况下 听力笔记中很多内容都不能用到speaking中 3 要学会适当的把阅读材料中的部分重要信息加到听力这部分中去 Topic7 humangenomeprojectnotes reading genomeprojectidealperfecthumamdiseasemasterraceendimmoralnotwrongthewayperfectwhatultimateX humanity Listening controlgenomegood usebeneelimidiseaseParkinevil mouldwhowhathumannoneconclusivenosciecevaluegove限cloning忌losefund Speakingsample Thereadingmaterialtalksabouthumangenomeprojectandtheidealwastomakeperfecthumanwithoutdiseases Butforsomereason theresearchonhumangeneticswasconsideredimmoralandwasdestroyed Inthelisteningpassage theprofessortalksaboutthegoodandtheevilthehumangenomeprojectcandotohumanbeings Firstofall thebenefitistheresearchcanhelpgetridofmanyhumandiseases However iftheprojectislefttothewronghand itwillaffectwhoandwhathumanbeingswillbe Theprofessoralsotalksaboutthereasonswhynoneofthegeneticsresearchisconclusiveandhasanyscientificvaluebecauseofthegovernmentrestrictionsandthefearoflosingfundbyresearchers 15 Human 85 Sheep Yeah yougottahearthis Scientistshavecreatedtheworld sfirsthuman sheepchimera 客迈拉希腊神话 狮头 羊身 蛇尾的吐火女怪 喀迈拉 是生物学上非常常用的一个术语 也是在生物界非常普遍的自然现象 喀迈拉 一般意译成 嵌合体 指的是来自不同个体的生物分子 细胞或组织被结合在了一起成为一个生物体 whichhasthebodyofasheepandhalf humanorgans Thesheephave15percenthumancellsand85percentanimalcells andtheirevolutionbringstheprospectofanimalorgansbeingtransplantedintohumansonestepcloser 1 Ohnoes It stheriseoftheManimals 2 Everytimeyoukill6 666 ofthesesheepyoukillahuman 3 Itisagovernmentconspiracy theywantanationofsheeple 4 Animalorgansbeingtransplantedintohumansmeansmorepeoplefeelingsheepish Topic8 AnimalRightsGroupnotes readinganimalrightsadvocatesboycottindustriesuseanimal1 farmingindustrymeatmilkeggsvegetarianvegan2 furleatherskin listening animaladvocacygrouppassifreeunharmagainstfoodclothingentertainzoosconfinenaturalbehacircusstresstrainedfurIndusopponent annoyingdangerdarkside firebombprivatehomedamacareggsmailfakeexplospamphlets speakingsample Thereadingmaterialtalksaboutanimalrightsgroupandadvocatesandtheyboycottindustriesthatuseanimal suchasthefarmingandfurindusties Inthelisteningpassage theprofessorgivesabalancedtalkontheactionsoftheseanimaladvocacymembers Theprofessorthinksthatthesemembersarepassionateaboutgivingfreedomtoanimalsandtheyareagainstthepracticeofusinganimalsasfood clothingorinentertainmentindustriesbecausebydoingso thoseanimalswillberestrictedandhavetoundergoalotofpressureofbeingtrained Thetheprofessorswitchessidesandbringsuptheopponents viewonthesegroups Hesaysthattheseadvocacygroupsarecriticizedforbeingannoying Theyhaveresortedtofirebombingandotherbadmeanstogettheirpointacrosstothepublic Listening LastyearPublicschool TAProtestSignpamphletsPublicschooldisruptclassesOfficialhavetoleaveSidewalkagainsuccessfulPublicschoolXsidewalk Summary 1 考过的主要内容 a psychology尤其喜欢谈小孩子的心理教育会谈到reward和punishment b biology botanyandzoologyc economics enterprisema