SUSE Linux Enterprise 11SP1静默安装Oracle 11gR2说明文档.doc

SUSE Linux Enterprise 11SP1静默安装Oracle 11gR2说明文档1 准备oracle安装文件Oracle11gR2包含两个文件linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip，下载地址分别是：/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip下载完成后将这两个文件通过SSH上传到/usr/local/oracle中。解压安装文件到当前目录rootlocalhost root#cd /usr/local/oraclerootlocalhost oracle#unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.ziprootlocalhost oracle#unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip执行以上命令后，将会在/usr/local/oracle/下面产生名为database的目录，这就是oracle安装程序的目录。2 准备oracle的安装目标目录rootlocalhost oracle#mkdir p /opt/oracle安装目标目录是用户想将oracle安装到哪个位置的目录，本次我们将oracle安装到/opt/oracle目录中，以下为目录创建命令。3 创建oracle相关用户和用户组oracle不能在root帐户下进行安装，所以需要为oracle的安装专门创建一个用户，同时需要创建dba和oinstall的用户组。rootlocalhost oracle#groupadd dbarootlocalhost oracle#groupadd oinstall以下命令将创建dba和oinstall用户组：以下命令将创建oracle用户，并设置密码rootlocalhost oracle#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclerootlocalhost oracle#passwd oracleChanging password for user oracle.New UNIX password: 在此键入密码BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary wordRetype new UNIX password: 在此再次键入密码passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.创建oracle用户home目录rootlocalhost oracle# md /home/oraclerootlocalhost oracle# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle以下命令将oracle安装目录（/opt/oracle）赋予oracle用户oinstall用户组rootlocalhost oracle#chown R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle4 检查安装ORACLE依赖的RPM软件包oracle的安装所依赖的软件包，有一部分linux是没有安装的。这需要将这些尚未安装的软件包先安装后才能正常安装oracle。这些未安装的软件包在linux安装光盘上可以取到，我们直接在linux的光盘上对这些软件包进行安装（也可将所需的软件包直接复制到linux本地磁盘中），首先我们需要挂载linux光盘，使用以下命令：rootlocalhost oracle#mkdir /mnt/cdromrootlocalhost oracle#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom安装所缺少的软件包，此处只安装本linux系统所缺少的软件包。如oracle安装过程中，对软件包进行检查时，发现仍有所需软件包未安装时，可根据显示未安装软件包的名字，再次对所缺少的软件包进行安装。以下为安装命令：rootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh linux-kernel-headers-2.6.32-1.4.13.noarch.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.11.1-0.17.4.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh gcc43-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh gcc-4.3-62.198.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh libstdc+43-devel-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh gcc43-c+-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh gcc-c+-4.3-62.198.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh sysstat-8.1.5-7.9.56.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-0.1.46.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh libstdc+-devel-4.3-62.198.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.12-198.17.i586.rpmrootlocalhost oracle#rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.12-198.17.i586.rpm5 设置linux内核参数打开修改/etc/sysctl.conf，在最后加入以下内容kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144fs.file-max = 6815744net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576有的时候我们需要调整oracle数据库的最大链接数，而这个链接数的调整是在oacle下的dbs目录下init.ora文件中调整的。ORACLE的连接数(sessions)与其参数文件中的进程数(process)有关，它们的关系如下：sessions=(1.1*process+5)但是我们增加process数时，往往数据库不能启动了。这因为我们还漏调了一个unix系统参数：它是核心参数中的semmns,这是unix系统的信号量参数。每个process会占用一个信号量。semmns调整后，需要重新启动unix操作系统，参数才能生效。不过它的大小会受制于硬件的内存或 ORACLE SGA。范围可从2002000不等。但是，Processes的修改不仅应该调整init.ora文件中的参数，而且应该调整OS的内核参数，象 AIX,HPUX,Solaris,SCO,UNIXWare都是这样，OS的调整是需要重新启动的，而且这个参数的设置不能简单按照多少个终端要连到这个服务器上而定，最关键是考虑会有多少同时连上的session（在使用一些共享连接的中间件时，一般就不需要太大），当然还要考虑一些Oracle的后台进程，还有一些系统维护工作需要多一些连接等。我的atmp大前置机器上对oracle调整的时候，其使用的是unixware操作系统，在做链接数调整的时候，要先对核心参数进行调整。核心主要相关的参数的调整如下：SHMMAX 1000000000SHMMIN 1SHMMNI 200SHMSEG 15SEMMNI 1000SEMMSL 300SEMMNS 230SEMOPM 20其中semmni,semmns,semmsl要加大，至少要比processes大18 ； SEMMNI（10，10000；150）：指定在核心中信号识别的数量。这是可以在任意给定时间被激活的唯一信号设置数量。缺省值是150。最大值由系统自动调整产生。SEMMSL（25，300；150）：指定每个信号识别中信号量的最大值。缺省值是25。SEMMNS 除最大db外的所有db 的PROCESSES之和+2*最大db的PROCESSES+10*实例数。如3个实例进程数分别为100、100、200，则=（100+100）+2*200+10*3=630SEMOPM（10，20；10）：指定在每个系统调用semop中能够被执行的信号操作量的最大值。缺省值是10。SHMMAX（131072，1073741824；524288）：指定了共享内存部分大小的最大值。等于0.5物理内存字节数SHMMNI（10，1000；100）：指定了系统范围内共享内存标识的最大值。SHMSEG（6，15；6）：指定了与每个进程相关连的共享内存块（或标识）的数量。缺省值是6。与每个进程相关连的共享内存块的最大值与进程拥有的未使用空间有关。因此，尽管一个进程拥有少于SHMSEG数值的共享内存块，它也有可能因为其有限的空间而不能与其它进程相联系。init.ora中调整为：processes = 50 # SMALL#processes = 100 # MEDIUM#processes = 200 # LARGE输入以下命令，使配置生效rootlocalhost oracle#sysctl -p6 修改 /etc/security/limits.conf修改 /etc/security/limits.conf,加入内容oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 655367 修改系统环境变量/etc/profile修改环境变量/etc/profile，加入以下内容if $USER = oracle ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi8 修改hosts文件lihaolong: # vi /etc/hosts增加一行 lihaolong9 增加/dev/shmMEMORY_MAX_TARGET 的设置不能超过 /dev/shm 的大小编辑fstab，添加一行：vi /etc/fstabtmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1024m 0 0重新挂载来修改其大小mount -o remount /dev/shm10 修改suse版本lihaolong:/home/database # vi /etc/SuSE-releaseSUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (i586)VERSION = 9（等号后面要有个空格）PATCHLEVEL = 111 开始安装过程应答文件：注：安装oracle的目录，至少具备4G的空闲空间rootlocalhost oracle # su oracleoraclelocalhost oracle #cd /usr/local/oracle/database运行安装命令oraclelocalhost database # ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/database/response/db_install.rsp以下为ORACLE安装程序输出的结果Starting Oracle Universal Installer.Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 10176 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2047 MB PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2011-05-31_09-41-19AM. Please wait .oraclelihaolong:/home/database WARNING INS-32018 The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base. CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base. ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.WARNING INS-13014 Target environment do not meet some optional requirements. CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2011-05-31_09-41-19AM/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.log ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2011-05-31_09-41-19AM/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.WARNING INS-32018 The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base. CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base. ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.WARNING INS-13014 Target environment do not meet some optional requirements. CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2011-05-31_09-41-19AM/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.log ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2011-05-31_09-41-19AM/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.You can find the log of this install session at: /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.log日志文件位置可通过执行以下命令，查看安装进度oraclelocalhost database #tail -f /opt/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2011-05-31_09-41-19AM.logoracle软件安装成功后，切换到root用户，执行以下2个脚本：/opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh12 安装监听器应答文件：lihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin # ./netca /silent /responseFile /home/database/response/netca.rspParsing command line arguments: Parameter silent = true Parameter responsefile = /home/database/response/netca.rspDone parsing command line arguments.Oracle Net Services Configuration:Configuring Listener:LISTENERListener configuration complete.Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully.Profile configuration complete.Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0在安装完成后，需要将oracle目录的文件夹权限修改为755, 这样其他有ORACLE环境的用户可以连接数据库。 2012020113 创建数据库应答文件：lihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin # ./dbca -silent -responseFile /home/database/response/dbca.rsp Copying database files1% complete2% complete3% complete4% complete37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance38% complete40% complete41% complete46% complete51% complete56% complete57% complete58% complete61% complete62% completeCompleting Database Creation66% complete70% complete73% complete74% complete85% complete86% complete87% complete88% complete99% complete100% completeLook at the log file /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log for further details.14 设置ORACLE环境变量切换至root用户修改全局环境变量配置文件profile。使用以下命令rootlocalhost oracle#vi /etc/profile往配置文件中加入以下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1export ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin使环境变量配置生效（分别在root、oracle用户下执行）rootlocalhost oracle# source /etc/profile15 启动ORACLE完成以上操作时，建议重新启动一次，避免某些设置未生效。重启后使用oracle用户登录，打开终端，键入以下命令运行sqlplusoraclelihaolong:/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release .0 Production on Tue May 31 11:04:50 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.SQL conn /as sysdbaConnected to an idle instance.SQL startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 414298112 bytesFixed Size 1336904 bytesVariable Size 255855032 bytesDatabase Buffers 150994944 bytesRedo Buffers 6111232 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL恭喜，你的ORACLE数据库已经启动成功！现在可以休息一下了。全部完成后，再把suse的版本号改回去16 异常解决16.1 ORA-01102这个错误主要是lk文件造成的，该文件位于ORALCE_HOME下的dbs目录下,这个lk的主要作用是说明DATABASE MOUNT上了,不用在MOUNT了.DATABASE UNMOUNT 后会删除掉,如果DATABASE确实没有MOUNT,这个文件在你也MOUNT上,只有手工删除,所以一定要小心.具体解决ORA-01102问题的步骤:oraclelihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs ls -ltotal 36-rw-rw- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 31 10:37 hc_DBUA0.dat-rw-rw- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 31 11:05 hc_ORCL.dat-rw-rw- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 May 31 10:42 hc_orcl.dat-rw-r-r- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 initORCL.ora-rw-r- 1 oracle oinstall 24 May 31 10:40 lkORCL-rw-r- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 May 31 10:41 orapworcldrwx- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 31 10:36 peshm_DBUA0_0drwx- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 31 10:37 peshm_orcl_0-rw-r- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 May 31 11:02 spfileorcl.oraoraclelihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs fuser -u lkORCL/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL: 14588(oracle) 14594(oracle) 14598(oracle) 14600(oracle) 14604(oracle) 14606(oracle) 14608(oracle) 14610(oracle) 14612(oracle) 14614(oracle) 14616(oracle) 14618(oracle) 14664(oracle) 14683(oracle) 14685(oracle) 14687(oracle) 14759(oracle) 15300(oracle)该文件没释放，用fuser命令kill掉：oraclelihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs fuser -k lkORCL/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORCL: 14588 14594 14598 14600 14604 14606 14608 14610 14612 14614 14616 14618 14664 14683 14685 14687 14759 15300oraclelihaolong:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs fuser -u lkORCLSQL startup pfile=/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.4312011104150ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 414298112 bytesFixed Size 1336904 bytesVariable Size 255855032 bytesDatabase Buffers 150994944 bytesRedo Buffers 6111232 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL17 附件：Db_install.rsp范例# Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.# # Specify values for the variables listed below to customize # your installation. # # Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment # can help to populate the variables with the appropriate # values. # # IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and # should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user # or db administrator who owns this installation. # #-# Do not change the following system generated value. #-oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0#-# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG# 3. UPGRADE_DB#-oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#-# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces)#-ORACLE_HOSTNAME=smdw#-# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #-UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#-# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.#-INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory#-# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja#-SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en#-# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#-ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0#-# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #-ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle#-# Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # EE : Enterprise E