语言学论文最终版.doc

分类号_ 论文选题类型 U D C 编号 本科毕业论文（设计）题 目：中美新兴网络语言的比较分析学 校 中南财经政法大学 专 业 会计学 年 级 2013级 学生姓名 吴星蓉 学 号 1308010442 指导教师 向波阳 二O一六年六月16 Comparative Analysis of Sino-American Network New WordsContentsAbstract in English .11. Literature Review.1.1 Studies of linguistic morphology.1.2 Studies of Historical linguistics. .3. Comparative analysis of Sino-American network new words. 4. Conclusion.Bibliography.222356AbstractNowadaysoursocietyhasenteredainformationepochdominatedbytheinterne work.The wide application of the Internet promotes the emerging of the new internet words. People often communicate with others by using new Internet words not only fashionably in China but in America. The network language expresses and conveys netizens emotion, posture, and intonation, which meets the needs of communication and reflects the intimate relationship between language and social understanding and communication. Network new words can be called “A particular social dialect”（ by Haiyan Liu）. Such words as 囧 are common among the online chats in China, and also words like Burnnnnnn have a high frequency of occurrence in America . They have very different spelling and pronunciation and form. But, many similarities of those network new words still can be found. Different social and cultural environment leads to the difference between Chinese and American under the perspective of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. These new words are created probably out of desire for novelty or needs of language contact or out of some other causes. But this paper mainly focuses on the formation and similarity of those new words. This paper analyzes how to get new words via taking around recent years the Chinese and American internet new words as an example under the perspective of the comparative linguistics using some classic theory of the Linguistic morphological and diachronic perspective.Thewholethesisisdividedintofourparts,thefirstpartisthe English abstract, and the second part is literature review. The third part is the comparative analysis of Chinese and American network new words, and the fourth part is the summary, the significance of the research.Key words: morphology diachronic linguistics language change comparative linguistics Chinese and American network language 1. Literature Review1.1 Studies of linguistic morphology Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. Morphemes, recall, are relationships of form and meaning, so there are three senses in which a morpheme may be new, and so be the basis of a new word: the new morpheme may have (a) new meaning in new form, (b) new meaning in old form, or (c) old meaning in new form.An important aspect of the general characteristics of language known as creativity is openness, which concerns the fact that all languages continually get new morphemes, and have a variety of ways to do this. New ideas, new tools, and products, and unique events occur all the time, and all languages cope readily and richly with this novelty by having several ways of creating new morphemes and new words to express them.Of six ways in English to get new words by use of new forms, four yield new forms for old meaning: a) clipping, b) Acronyming, c) blending, d) wrong cutting and in two, new meanings are given new forms: a) invention, b) borrowing and there also are seven means of new word formation in which new meanings are given old or established forms: a) derivation, b) Zero-derivation, c)Compounding, d)Extension e)Narrowing, f) Bifurcation, g) Backformation.1.2 Studies of HistoricallinguisticsHistoricallinguistics, also calleddiachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time. Principal concerns of historicallinguisticsinclude: to describe and account for observed changes in particular languages. They have put forward three important characteristics of constancy, pervasiveness, and systematicness, where systematic suggests that it is unlikely to be harmful and constancy and pervasiveness suggest that language change is necessary, and perhaps even useful.Besides, a number of causes of language change have been advanced and recognized, including some which are controversial, but eight of the least controversial are these:a) Ease of articulation, b) Redundancy reduction, c) Expression of new meanings, d) Metanalysis, e) Desire for novelty, f) Obsolescence of meanings, g) Regulation or rule extension, h) Language contact.Above classic linguistic theory can explain how and why those new words form and change. Based on them, this paper compares the Chinese and American emerging network language2. Comparative analysis of Sino-American network new words The formation of network new words is generally influenced by the social and linguistic factors. The former is refers to the social life in the emergence of a variety of new things, new situation, new practices, new concepts, and so on. These phenomena create the conditions for the emergence of new words. In addition, the emergence of network new words also with the development and change of the language itself about, such as homophonic, ellipsis, old word meaning of the method formed a large number of network new words. Many studies are researching on the factors of language changing, but the following is to analyze the morphology, comparing the network new words between in china and America.First, both Chinese and American netizens like to use Emoticons and emoji. Emoticons and emoji called in China “颜文字” are widely popular and soon spread through the Internet world. They are sort of emotional symbols which can vividly express netizens emotions. Such as: zzzz (indicates sleep ) , :- p (said tongue, pull a face ), (love you). Emoticons are kind of special type of language, like Chinese hieroglyphs, but they are made of lines and some symbols. They directly draw up peoples facial expressions and posture, cleverly avoiding the direct language conflict. Second, using a skill of homonym to create new words is common in China and America. Homophonic coinage with the Chinese characters, pinyin, English letters or Arabic numerals and their voice instead of the same or similar term arising from the original new words. Homonym is used in China more frequently than in America. 1）Number of homophonic words in China is to use Arabic numerals to indicate some sort of homonym of the Chinese meaning. Such as “5131420”which means I love you whole life is Hanyu Pinyin that is a digital euphony. Similarly in America, some Arabic numerals and English pronunciations are the homonym, for example, 419 said “for one night”. 2）Besides, Chinese homophonic words are to use Chinese characters in Chinese have been imitating the sound or Chinese transliteration of foreign words homophonic coinage. For example, The former, such as: Jiang Zi (like); new words like jiangzi (zheyangzi) conveys the pronunciation of dialects which is popular in modern Chinese internet world. Americans also like to use the new forms of words with the similar pronunciations of the original words. For example, A: Whale you be my Valentine?B: Dolphinately. As for the latter in China, homophonic letter word is selected words in English letters to homophonic manner on behalf of the word meaning. Such as: CU (See you good-bye), IC (I see I understand), ru free (Are you free? You be free?). It is very usual in America out of simplification.3) hybrid homophonic words that from Chinese characters, pinyin, English and Arabic mixed composition, some of which sound character readers, and some reading and it is similar to the harmonics. Such as: True e Heart (Zhen Exin), cu2 (see you too), 8 wrong 8 mistakes (bad bad), Shuai G (handsome guy), etc. It is not that popular in America, however, there still are some expressions, such as U2 which is said “you too” and 2L8 equal to “Too late”. The reason why the phenomenon appears is that the Chinese pronunciation of Arabic numerals is one-syllable.Third, borrowing words refer to two kinds of language contact, the one language from another language system, the introduction of new concepts, terms, or the phenomenon of direct use of foreign words. The introduction of the network of Chinese words used, the following four ways: 1) Transliteration of the word is fully carried out according to the original pronunciation of the word transliteration of foreign words. Such as: hacker (hacker), show (show), shampoo (shampoo), cool (cool), clone (clone), TOEFL (TOFEL), vitamins (Vitamin) and so on. 2） Word translation of Chinese materials is to use the word according to the original meaning of the expression of re-processed to create out of foreign words. Such as: copy (copy), the generation gap (generation), the club (club), cowboy (cowboy), loser (loser) and so on. 3）A transliteration and translation-based transliteration of the word is half and half translation. Such as: Internet (intenet), Bowling (bowlling), miniskirts (miniskirt), Cambridge (cambridge) and so on. 4） Shaped by the term refers to borrow foreign words written in the form of the original word. Such as: yahoo (Yahoo), download (to download), cyberspace (virtual space), chat room (chat rooms) and so on. Network also has to borrow the language of foreign words in Japanese, such as: economy, senior, Story and so on. Borrowing is an important way to create new words in English. For example, “no zuo no die”, “you can you up” , “tuhao” and “rougamo” are from Chinese.(see for the urban dictionary)Four, innovation and networking innovation term is a generic term, including the newly created words and old words new meanings. Borrowed Chinese parody of that generation, metaphor, onomatopoeia and other rhetorical means, or the creation of new words, or old words new meanings. 1）Distressed made to create a new word to replace the newly adopted standards that already exist in the vocabulary of Chinese language in the individual morpheme constitutes a new word. Such as: 校草 imitates 校花, “床咚” imitates”壁咚” and so on. It is kind of like the derivation to create new English words.2）Besides, an entirely different new words made no such standard modern Chinese words, is the netizens to demonstrate the creation bold personality psychology. Such as: 霉女 (looks ugly woman), 网虫 (Internet users), etc.Fifth, Old Words and New Meanings refer to those inherent in the words of Chinese on the Internet have been given a new meaning into the words network innovation. Such as: “恐龙” (that ugly woman), “大妈”(Pejorative word). Language changes with social development. Many English words meanings also change. For instance, the word “lit”. its original meaning is “having drunk too much alcohol, but now its meaning is “modify something awesome and enjoy oneself heartily”. Old words derive new meanings at the different era background.Sixth, abbreviated coinage that people follow the principle of efficiency on-line communication, and strive to quickly and easily, using words can save, then the provinces. Include the following types: For one hand, Chinese phonetic alphabet Abbreviations is to use the words in the Chinese phonetic alphabet of each word together to form acronyms. Such as: GG (brother), JJ (sister), MM (crush), DD (brother), TMD (fuck), TNND (his grandmother), etc. The way to form new words is popular and enduring in America as well. Such words as: smh which meaning shake my head, and rofl which means rolling on floor laughingFor another hand, acronym of English words such as: BTW (by the way, by the way), TIA (thanks in advance), BF (boyfriend, her boyfriend), PB (playboy Playboy), etc. it is not such welcomed in China or instead in America acronym of pinyin.3. ConclusionAccording to the above discussions, some clues can be found. First, Chinese or American netizens get used to not being obsessed with the standard formation of words. Many popular Chinese characters actually are “wrong writ