中考英语 语法整合复习 第6课时 副词 牛津版.doc

第6课时副词中考对副词的考查主要集中在对副词词义的考查、副词的比较等级、副词与形容词的选择、副词的辨析以及副词的变化等,同时也涉及到含有副词的习惯用法和固定短语。题型以选择题、完形填空、词汇运用等为主。预计2016年中考对副词考查的重点是副词的辨析与运用,以及形容词变成副词等。1. 副词的基本特征(1)副词是表示行为或状态特征的词,在句子中属于修饰性词类,副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或另外的一个副词,有时修饰整个句子,在句子中作状语。副词还可以作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。(2)大多数副词是由形容词加后缀ly构成的。如:quickly,slowly,bravely。以y结尾的形容词,先将y改为i,再加ly。如:happyhappily,angryangrily。以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加y。如:sunsunny,funfunny,fogfoggy。有些副词没有特殊词尾。如:now,often,here,quite,never,very等。(3)有些副词与形容词形式相同。如:late,early,high,long等。(4)只有可以分成比较等级的副词才能有比较级或最高级形式。如:fast,easily,early等。像only,really,there,here则不可能有比较等级,因为从词义上看它们是不可分级的。案例(2015天津251分)we dont want to speak badly or in front of the class.a. clearlyb. carefullyc. carelesslyd. properly【解析】本题考查副词的用法。由句子结构和句中的badly判断,我们不想在同学们面前讲得糟糕或粗心大意地讲,不是不想讲清楚、不想仔细讲或适当地讲。【答案】 c2. 副词的分类副词可以分为以下几类:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频率副词、疑问副词、连接副词等。(1)时间副词:today,yesterday,before,now,then等。(2)地点副词:here,there,inside,outside,downstairs,everywhere等。(3)方式副词:carefully,slowly,suddenly,well,hard,high等。(4)程度副词:much,very,enough,little,a bit,so,too,rather,quite,nearly,half,hardly,almost等。(5)频率副词:usually,sometimes,never,always,often,everyday等。以上这些副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明动作的时间、地点、方式或程度等,又可把它们统称为修饰性副词。(6)疑问副词:how,when,where,why等,用来引导一个特殊疑问句。案例(2015重庆a1分) does your cousin usually go to work on foot?he says its good for his health. a. whereb. whenc. whyd. how 【解析】本题考查疑问副词。根据应答句“他说对健康有好处”判断,疑问句是询问为什么步行上班。【答案】 c(7)连接副词:how,when,where,why,whether等,用来引导一个名词性从句。we havent decided when we shall leave.我们还没有决定什么时候动身。3. 副词的作用副词主要用来作状语的,它们可以用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,有时修饰整个句子。有些副词在句子中还可以作表语、定语或宾语补足语。(1)用在形容词或其他副词前作状语。如:i know him quite well. 我对他很熟悉。she is quite interested in english.她对英语很感兴趣。(2)修饰动词,表示时间、地点、方式、频率等。如:she reached beijing yesterday.她昨天到达北京。he went into the room quietly.他悄悄地走进了房间。they often go skating in winter.冬天他们经常去滑冰。(3)修饰整个句子。如:luckily they won the game.他们幸运地赢了这场比赛。(4)用在系动词后作表语。如:he is out at the moment. 现在他不在家。(5)用在名词后作定语。如:look at the trees there. 看那儿的那些树。(6)作宾语补足语。如:i saw her out with her parents.我看见她跟她父母一起出去了。4. 副词的位置(1)副词修饰动词时,一般放在动词的后面;若是及物动词,则放在宾语之后。如:tom does his homework carefully.汤姆做功课很细心。(2)频率副词通常放在动词之前,但如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或be动词,则放在这类动词之后。如:they always get up early. 他们总是起得很早。(3)副词修饰形容词或其他副词时,放在被修饰词之前。this problem is too difficult. 这个问题太难了。注意:副词enough通常放在被修饰词之后。如:my brother isnt old enough to go to school.我弟弟还不到上学的年龄。但是被修饰词是名词,enough 放在该名词之前或之后,但这时enough 是形容词。如:she has enough money/money enough to buy the computer.她有足够的钱买这台电脑。(4)如果一个句子里同时出现表示时间、地点的副词作状语时,通常是先地点、后时间。如:he worked in qingdao last year.他去年在青岛工作。(5) 为了强调动作发生的时间,有些副词可置于句首,如 once,yesterday,tomorrow,soon,now,usually等。如:yesterday we all went to the park.昨天我们都去公园了。(6)有少数副词在句中的位置非常灵活,常放在与它关系最密切的词前,如only或even。如:only i have been there. they havent been there.只有我去过那儿,他们没有去过。even he cant answer the question.甚至连他也不能回答这个问题。5. 副词比较等级的构成(1)副词比较等级的构成规则副词比较等级的构成及用法与形容词的比较等级的构成及用法相似。a. 单音节的副词在词尾加er或est构成比较级和最高级。加er或est 如:hardharderhardest,fastfasterfastest直接加r或st 如:latelaterlatest变y为i再加er或est 如:earlyearlierearliestb. 双音节词或多音节词在词的前面加上more或most构成比较级和最高级。slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklycarefullymore carefullymost carefully注意:early的比较级和最高级是earlier和earliest。c. 不规则副词的变化见下表:wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest6. 副词比较等级的用法(1)两者相同程度的比较,用“as+副词原级+as”结构;否定形式用“not as(或so)+副词原级+as”结构。如:she can do as well as you.她能做得和你一样好。(2)两者不同程度的比较,用“副词比较级+than”结构。如:a car goes faster than a bike.小汽车比自行车跑得快。(3)比较级的其他表达形式。a. “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中最的”。he works the harder of the two.他是这两个中工作最努力的。b. “less+原级+than”与“not as(so)+原级”的意思一致,表示“不如”。that book is less interesting as this one.=that book isnt as interesting as this one. 那本书没有这本书有趣。c. “the+比较级+.,the+比较级+.”表示“越,越”。the harder you work,the greater progress youll make.你工作得越努力,取得的进步就越大。d. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”the worlds population grows faster and faster.世界人口增长越来越快。(4)副词的最高级句型:a+动词(实义动词)+(the)副词的最高级+of(或in)三者或者三者以上相比较,用副词最高级,副词最高级之前加或不加the都可以。如:who studies(the) hardest in your class?你们班谁学习最刻苦?my father gets up(the) earliest on sundays. 我爸爸在星期天起床最早。(5)在副词最高级里常用“副词最高级+of all(或用in引导的短语).”结构说明比较的范围。如:mike draws best of all.在所有人当中,迈克画得最好。of all the girls she runs fastest.在所有的女孩子中,她跑得最快。(the+序数词+最高级,表示“第最的”)he runs the second fastest in his class.他是班级中跑步第二快的。(6)副词比较等级的修饰语。副词的比较级前可用much,a little,a bit,still,even等词来修饰。如:may i keep the book a little longer?这本书我可以再保留一段时间吗?he sings much better than i. 他唱得比我好。使用比较级时应注意的几个问题:a. 在对比中应明确对比对象,即比较的双方必须是同类项。如:his chinese is as good as mine.他中文跟我的一样好。该句不能写成“his chinese is as good as i.”。chinese不能同人相比,应和同类的物体对比,mine即为my chinese。b. 在对比中如比较的双方在同一范围内,应该排除主语在外,即比较的双方不能互相包含。如:tom runs faster than any other student in his class.汤姆比他班上其他任何同学跑得都快。该句不能写成“tom runs faster than any students in his class.”。any student(任何一个同学)包括tom本人,加上other之后就将tom排除在外了,这样进行对比的则是tom与班级其他任何学生了。c. 注意比较句中的替代词。如:the weather is warmer in winter in shanghai than that in beijing. 冬天上海的天气比北京暖和。该句不能写成“the weather is warmer in winter in shanghai than in beijing.”。句中用that替代前面的名词weather,如果是复数名词则可用those代替。如:the apples in this basket are bigger than those in that one.这个筐里的苹果比那个筐里的苹果大。d. 注意有些句子与比较级句型的转换。i prefer english to math.=i like english better than math. 跟数学相比,我更喜欢英语。e. 注意比较级与最高级句型的转换。she likes tom better than any other student in her class.在她班上她最喜欢汤姆。(=she likes tom best in her class.)例1副词辨析。(2015河南1分)where shall we eat tonight?lets call harry. he knows the best places to go.a. onlyb. nearlyc. seldomd. always 【解析】 考查副词的词义辨析。本题句意为:今晚我们在哪儿就餐?我们叫一下哈利吧。他知道哪个地方最好。根据上下句句意可知,哈利知道去哪儿吃饭最合适,他具有话语权,所以本句应是“他总是知道去最适宜去的地方”。only意为“仅仅;只”,nearly意为“几乎;将近”,seldom意为“很少;几乎不”,always意为“总是一直”。【答案】 d例2副词比较等级的运用。(20151甘肃白银1分)he is the only one who failed in the math exam.really?you mean he studies . a. the most careful b. the least carefulc. the most carefullyd. the least carefully【解析】本题考查副词最高级的用法。句意:他是数学考试中唯一一个不及格的。根据句中的动词判断,应该用副词的最高级,所以排除a、b两项。根据句意判断,他学习最不认真。【答案】 d例3副词与形容词的选择。(2015山东济宁18)have you heard the song stay here forever?yes. it sounds.a. wellb. loudlyc. sweetd. beautifully【解析】考查形容词和副词的选择。应答句是对歌曲的赞美。sound之后应该跟形容词作表语。【答案】 c例4副词的变化。(2015贵州黔西南1分)the bread smells and it sells .a. well;goodb. good;goodc. good;welld. well;well【解析】本题考查形容词和副词的用法。smell是系动词,之后跟形容词作表语;sell是动词,之后用副词来修饰;well用作形容词,意为“健康的,身体好的”,用作副词修饰动词时意为“好”。【答案】 c一、 单项选择1. (2015山东临沂171分)we are happy to see our city is developing these years than before.a. quicklyb. the most quicklyc. very quicklyd. more quickly2. (2015重庆371分)lin fang comes home than before this term. she doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon.a. earlyb. earlierc. lated. later3. (2015 浙江温州 51分)how often do you go skating?. i cant skate at all.a. alwaysb. sometimesc. seldomd. never4. (2015山东威海 321分)to my surprise my brother can speak english .a. livelyb. perfectlyc. badlyd. friendly5. (2015江苏宿迁 81分)sandy likes travelling. she stays at home during holidays.a. seldomb. usuallyc. alwaysd. often6. (2015江西321分)my sister goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day.a. alwaysb. sometimesc. hardlyd. never7. (2015广东401分)take care when you are driving, in a summer storm like this.a. immediatelyb. especiallyc. probablyd. recently8. (2015江苏扬州61分)its said that mo yans speech was wonderful. thats the truth. we clapped our hands many times during his speech yesterday.a. excitedb. excitedlyc. excitingd. excitingly9. (2015山东东营271分)on march 8th,flight mh 370 went missing. th