山东省高密市高考英语阅读和短文改错能力练习题（1）.doc

2015山东省高密市高考英语阅读和短文改错能力练习题（1）有答案完形填空i take a deep breath, cross my fingers and step forward. am i about to take the leap before bungee-jumping? 1, im about to cross the road on my way to work. there have been a few2in the press over the last couple of months about“chinese-style road crossing”. the definition of this3is“a large number of people jaywalking(乱穿马路)together because they feel4in a big group”. crossing the road is a simple task but sometimes it can be time-consuming and dangerous. it can be5to try and rush across the road while the red6is still lit; its only a short distance, whats the7that can happen? many pedestrians dont seem to understand the8they are taking. if the lights on green, then most drivers wont pay attention, 9that no one will be crossing the road. if the driver does notice, its possible that they may not have the10stopping distance to be able to stop11hitting the person. also, stepping out onto a road at the wrong12causes vehicles to slow down, meaning the cars behind them have to slow down, creating a13effect possibly even a long tailback(车辆长队). 14, it can be difficult to stick to the rules when there is15pedestrian-friendly crossings and it seems that drivers dont follow the rules, either. even if the green man is showing, cars are still allowed to turn right at many lights, often turning into large crowds of people16crossing the road. many times these cars dont slow down, meaning pedestrians have to quickly move out of the way. it also means that people17cross the road when they should be allowed tomaybe this is a motivating factor for so-called jaywalkers. driving a car doesnt mean you have more rights. its a privilege and with that privilege comes a lot of18. it doesnt seem completely19to punish pedestrians for taking matters into their own hands on a road system thats designed against them. a rethink of the way pedestrian crossing work and driver education may20a stop to“chinese-style road crossing”. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述“中国式过马路”的现象、原因及其对交通产生的影响, 并提出了作者自己的看法。1. a. yesb. noc. whyd. however【解析】选b。前后照应题。否定前面的问句, 引出下文。2. a. articlesb. sentencesc. storiesd. persons【解析】选a。前后照应题。下句提到“中国式过马路”的现象, 结合此处信息press, 可推知是在出版物上的“文章”。3. a. wordb. namec. phrased. term【解析】选c。词义辨析题。phrase表示(简洁的)说法。term指专业术语, 一般指科技、学术方面的。此句为“中国式过马路”这种说法的定义是。4. a. greatb. happyc. safed. strong【解析】选c。词义辨析题。“中国式过马路”即“凑够一大群人就过马路”, 因为他们感觉这样有安全感。5. a. temptingb. interestingc. excitingd. shocking【解析】选a。词义辨析题。tempting指“有诱惑力的”, 往往用于怂恿某人干不正当的事。从整句可知当红灯还亮时, 大家就跃跃欲试, 冲过马路。6. a. boyb. manc. girld. woman【解析】选b。背景常识题。指红灯, 显示一个红色人形图。7. a. moreb. worstc. betterd. faster【解析】选b。逻辑推理题。the worst最坏的事, 此处表示“最糟糕会发生什么事? ”。8. a. riskb. liftc. lightd. road【解析】选a。固定搭配题。本段主题句, 下文讲到“中国式过马路”的危险性, 故用固定搭配take the risk(冒险)。9. a. hopingb. believingc. guessingd. assuming【解析】选d。逻辑推理题。如果(机动车方向的)绿灯亮着, 司机就会以为没有人会横穿马路。assuming指“假定, 认为(但未能证明)”。10. a. requiredb. requestedc. suggestedd. allowed【解析】选a。词义辨析题。车在刹车后到停止有一定的制动距离, required指“所需的, 规定的”。requested请求的; suggested建议的; allowed允许(某人拥有或某事发生)的, 意思不恰当。11. a. beforeb. afterc. whend. while【解析】选a。逻辑推理题。根据句意可知, 此处为“在之前”。12. a. directionb. timec. placed. speed【解析】选b。词义辨析题。在错误的时间行人穿马路会阻碍车辆的行进。at与direction搭配不对, place与speed意思不符合语境。13. a. knock-upb. knock-onc. knock-downd. knock-back【解析】选b。固定搭配题。a knock-on effect连锁反应。14. a. on the one handb. on the other handc. on the contraryd. on this occasion【解析】选b。固定搭配题。上段谈到“中国式过马路”的危害性, 此段又为此种过马路方式辩护。on the other hand另一方面, 用于比较不同或相对立的事实或想法。15. a. a lot ofb. a great deal ofc. a lack ofd. a number of【解析】选c。短语辨析题。pedestrian crossings人行道, -friendly方便的。当缺乏方便行人过马路的人行道时, 要遵守交通规则就难了。16. a. safelyb. slowlyc. worriedlyd. legally【解析】选d。词义辨析题。此句解释“中国式过马路”现象产生的一个原因是绿灯亮, 行人照理应该可以走, 但车辆此时右转, 就必然开进人群。legally合法地, 依照法律地。17. a. cantb. shouldntc. wontd. mustnt【解析】选a。逻辑推理题。此句进一步解释。句意: 行人在(绿灯亮时)该允许走时, 却不能走(因为右转弯的车子阻碍了他们), 这就导致了“中国式过马路”。18. a. responsibilityb. possibilityc. personalityd. reality【解析】选a。词义辨析题。根据上下文可知, 作者认为开车并非意味着有更多特权(车与行人都有路权), 但这种特权必定有相应的责任。responsibility责任; possibility可能性; personality性格; reality现实。19. a. severeb. mildc. faird. unjust【解析】选c。前后照应题。take. . . into ones hands意为“擅自处理”。句意: 行人因自行处理(即选择“中国式过马路”方式)不合理的道路系统而受惩罚, 这似乎并不公平。20. a. addb. putc. setd. attach【解析】选b。固定搭配题。固定搭配put a stop to sth. 意为“停止”。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013湖北，e)a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96. the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder r. lang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.文章大意：本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。17according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.答案：b细节理解题，根据while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知b正确。18pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth答案：c细节理解题，根据“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote可知c正确。19how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.答案：a细节理解题，根据surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知a正确。20what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.答案：d细节理解题，根据“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，”可知，他们对生活的满意度随着年龄的增长而变小。阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。most people know that marie curie was the first woman to win the nobel prize, and the first person to win it twice. however, few people know that she was also the mother of a nobel prize winner.born in september, 1897, irene curie was the first of the curies two daughters. along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. she finished her high school education at the college of svign in paris.irene entered the university of paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. when world war i began, irene went to help her mother, who was using xray facilities(设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers.irene continued the work by developing xray facilities in military hospitals in france and belgium. her services were recognised in the form of a military medal by the french government.in 1918, irene became her mothers assistant at the curie institute. in december 1924, frederic joliot joined the institute, and irene taught him the techniques required for his work. they soon fell in love and were married in 1926. their daughter helene was born in 1927 and their son pierre five years later.like her mother, irene combined family and career. like her mother, irene was awarded a nobel prize, along with her husband, in 1935. unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). irene joliotcurie died from leukemia on march 17, 1956.本文是一篇人物介绍。介绍居里夫人大女儿irene curie的一生。1why was irene curie awarded a military medal?abecause she received a degree in mathematics.bbecause she contributed to saving the wounded.cbecause she won the nobel prize with frederic.dbecause she worked as a helper to her mother.答案：b。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，第一次世界大战开始后，irene帮助母亲救助伤员，法国政府以军功章的形式表示对她的贡献的认可。所以选择b项。2where did irene curie meet her husband frederic joliot?aat the curie institute. bat the university of paris.cat a military hospital. dat the college of svign.答案：a。推理判断题。文章第四段说：在1918年，irene在居里夫人研究院成为母亲的助手，1924年12月frederic joliot加入了该研究院，irene教给他该项工作要求的技术，不久他们相爱了并于1926年结婚，由此可推断出c项正确。3when was the second child of irene curie and frederic joliot born?ain 1932. bin 1927. cin 1897. din 1926.答案：a。细节理解题。第四段最后一句表明：他们第一个孩子于1927年出生，5年后(1932年)第二个孩子出生，所以a项正确。4in which of the following aspects was irene cuire different from her mother?airene worked with radioactivity.birene combined family and career.cirene won the nobel prize once. direne died from leukemia.答案：c。推理判断题。纵观全文可知，irene在“与放射性物质打交道/把家庭与事业相结合/死于leukemia”这三方面与母亲相同，不同的是ire