高考英语 典型题型精练 Unit31 personal preferences lesson1 北师大版选修11.doc

unit 31 personal preferences lesson1 北师大版选修11一 、单项填空（本大题共5小题，共5分）【2013江苏】31.shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look.a. reducing b. reduced c. being reduced d. having reducedlet us hope we can settle the matter without _ more trouble. a. any b. a little c. some d. littlenine thousand guests took part in the outdoor ceremony, that impressed so many people at the white houseathatbthiscitdoneyoung people should learn how to_some money for the future. a.hand out b.make up c.put away d.get inli yang, the founder of crazy english, says that he copies it down _ he comes to a sentence.a. unless b. while c. because d. every, time二 、完形填空（本大题共1小题，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1635各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。i fell in love with yosemite national park the first time i saw it, when i was 13. my parents took us there for camping. on the way out, i asked them to wait while i ran up to el capitan, a _16_ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. i touched that giant rock and knew _17_ i wanted to climb it. that has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since _18_ the rocks and mountains of yosemite. ive long made yosemite my _19_.about 15 years ago i started seeing a lot of _20_， like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. its _21_ me why visitors started respecting the place _22_ and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.i tried _23_ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. i would _24_ an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. finally, i got so _25_ it that i decided something had to change.as a rockclimbing guide, i knew _26_ about organizing any big event. but in 2004，together with some climbers, i set a date for a _27_. on that day，more than 300 people _28_. over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. it was amazing how much we were able to _29_. i couldnt believe the _30_ we madethe park looked clean!each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. in 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _31_ 132 miles of roadway.i often hear people _32_ about their surroundings. if you are one of them, i would say the only way to change things is by _33_ rather than complaining. we need to teach by _34_. you cant blame others _35_ you start with yourself.16a.distantbhugecnarrowdloose17a.immediately bfinally cgradually drecently18a.imagining bpaintingcdescribing dclimbing19a.garden bhome clab dpalace20a.material bresourcescwaste dgoods21a.beyond bagainst cover dwithin22a.more bmost cless dleast23a.throwing away bpicking upcbreaking down ddigging out24a.kill bsave cwait dspend25a.satisfied with bdelighted inctired of dused to26a.something banythingceverything dnothing27a.cleanup bpartycpicnic dconcert28a.dropped out bshowed upclooked around dcalled back29a.demand breceivecaccomplish dovercome30a.plan bvisit ccontact ddifference31a.crossed bmeasuredccovered ddesigned32a.talk bcomplaincargue dquarrel33a.doing bthinkingcquestioning dwatching34a.method bexplanationcexample dresearch35a.although bifcwhen dunless三 、阅读理解（本大题共4小题，共40分）aea new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.researchers from the university of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤). they said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the united states.but questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.the researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concerpeople with fair skin and freckles （雀斑）,for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen. as a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.the studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.72.the underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means .a.evidencesb.factsc.faultsd.failures73.people with fair skin and freckles .a.seldom use sunscreenb. are more in danger of skin concerc. can be free from the harm of the sund. often expose themselves to the sun74.we can learn from the passage that .a. sunscreen users get skin cancer more oftenb. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreenc. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteersd. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in america75.which of the following can be the beat title for this passage?a. sunscreen to prevent skin cancerb. sunscreen to increase skin cancerc. skin cancer caused by sunscreend. skin cancer caused by frecklesb（2014四川卷）ewomen are friendly. but men are more competitive. why? researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.women tend to be social in their behavior. they often share with others. but men lend to be competitive. they are trying to improve their social status, said professor ryan.generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations andour body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.but in a previous experiment professor ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. professor ryans recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. the other half received placebo (安慰剂).after a week, the two groups switched with participants. they went through the same procedure with the other material.following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. the questions were about telling friendship from competition. and their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.the results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.professor ryan thus concluded: our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. and the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal.47. what causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?a. placebo. b. oxytocin.c. the gesture. d. the social status.48. what can we learn from professor ryans previous experiment?a. oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.b. our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.c. our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others success.d. oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences.49. why did professor ryan conduct the recent experiment?a. to test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.b. to know the differences between friendship and competition.c. to know peoples different abilities to answer questions.d. to test peoples understanding of body language.50. the author develops the text by_.a. explaining peoples behaviors b. describing his own experiencesc. distinguishing sexual differences d. discussing research experimentsca（2013重庆卷）the morning had been a disaster.my tooth was aching,and id been in an argument with a friend.her words still hurt：“the trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.cant you see things from my point of view?”ishook my head stubbomlyand felt the ache in my tooth.id thought i could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.i started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one coule see me immediatcly.finally,at about lunchtime,i got lucky.“if you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in .”i look my purse and keys and rushed to my car.but suddenly i began to doubt about the dentist.what kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?why wasnt he as busy as the others?in the dentists office,i sat down and looked around.i saw nothing but the bare walls and i became even more worried.the assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.when i tole her my fears,she laughed and said ,“dont worry.the dentist is very good.”“how long do i have to wait for him?”i asked impatiently.“come on ,he is coming.just lie down and relax.and enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.“the artwork?”iwas puzzled.the chair went back,suddenly i smiled.there was a beautiful picture,right where i could enjoy it ：on the ceiling.how considerate the dentist was ！at that moment,i began to understand what my friend meant by her words.what a relief！56.which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?a.cheerful.b.nervous.c.satisfied.d.upset.57.what made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?a.the dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.b.the dentists being as busy as the other dentists.c.the surroundings of the dentists office.d.the laughing assistant of the dentist.58.why did the author suddenly smile?a.because the dentist came at last.b.because she saw a picture on the ceiling.c.because she could relax in the chair.d.because the assistant kept comforting her.59.what did the author learn from her experience most probably?a.strike while the iron is hot.b.have a good word for ones friendc.put oneself in others shoesd.a friend in need is a friend indeed.dthe very wealthy english baron fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the apple of his eye. his wife died when the child was in his early teens. so fitzgerald devoted himself to fathering the kid. unfortunately the son died in his late teens. meanwhile, fitzgeralds wealth greatly increased. he spent a lot on art works of the masters. later fitzgerald himself became seriously ill. before his death, he had carefully prepared his will as to how his wealth would be settledto sell his entire collection at an auction（拍卖）. because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid（出价）. before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of fitzgeralds son by an unknown artist. because of its poor quality, it received little attention. when it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled（敲槌）the crowd to attention. first the lawyer read from fitzgeralds will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son. the poor-quality painting didnt receive any bidders. . . except onethe old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid. as soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one english pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. the crowd became quiet, and the lawyer read from the will: “whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection. ” then the auction was over. 56. the english baron fitzgerald was _. a. a museum directorb. a master of artc. an art collector d. an art dealer57. why did the old servant bid for the painting of fitzgeralds son?a. he was devoted to the family. b. he saw that no one bid for it. c. he knew the content of the will. d. he found it cheap for him to buy. 58. fitzgeralds will showed _. a. his desire to fool the biddersb. his invaluable love for his sonc. his sadness at the death of his sond. his regret of having no children to take over his wealth四 、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25分）假设你是李华。你的澳大利亚笔友john计划在7月18日至24日来北京旅游，希望你帮他安排住处和活动内容，请根据以下内容给他回一封100词左右的信。信的开头及结尾已为你写好。1可以住你家，你哥哥恰在此期间外出。2主要活动内容：长城（一天），北海公园和你的学校（一天），颐和园（一天），故宫和天安门（一天），购物或做其他（一天）。3可去机场迎接，希望告知抵京的时间和航班。参考词汇：故宫 the forbidden citydear john,im so glad to know that you are coming to beijing. _一 、单项填空【答案】c【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系，故选c。【译文】 让我们希望解决这个问题没有任何麻烦。【答案及简析】 a。 any一般用在具有否定意义的短语或句子当中。d考查代词及同位语的用法。此处one是ceremony的同位语，其后又带了定语从句that impressed so many people at the white house。选d。.c考查动词短语的含义及语境。句意：年轻人应该学会如何为将来存些钱。根据句意选c。hand out分发；make up弥补；put away收拾，储存；get in收获。d考查状语从句的连接词。every time名词词组用作连词，用来连接时间状语从句。while连接时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词应是延续性动词。二 、完形填空【要点综述】“我”把yosemite national park当作自己的家。当“我”看到里面有大量的垃圾时，开始是自己，后来组织大家捡垃圾。由此“我”明白改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。16. b从下文的that giant rock可知选b。17. a句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我想攀登它。immediately立即，马上。18. d根据上句中的climb以及空后的rocks and mountains可知。19. b根据下段最后一句中的such a beautiful homelike place可知。20. c根据like后面列举的内容可知。21. a句意：我不理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方beyond超出。22. c根据上文游客在这样一个美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾可知选less。23. b根据上文，我看到游客丢垃圾很心痛，于是自己去捡起那些游客丢弃的垃圾。pick up 捡起；throw away扔掉；break down 出故障，抛锚；dig out 发掘，找到。24. dspend time on sth.花费时间做某事。故选d。25. c根据上文的 “only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later”以及下文的 “that i decided something had to change”可知作者厌倦了自己单独捡垃圾。26. d根据下一句 “but”后的内容可知，作者不知道如何组织大型活动。27. a根据下文“三百多人参加捡垃圾活动”以及下一段中的 “each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere”可知，此处填a。28. b根据下一句 “over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”可知“那一天，三百多人参加了清扫垃圾的活动”，故选b(出席，到场)。29. c根据上一句 “over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”可知选c(完成)。30. d根据破折号后的 “the park looked clean”可知，因为我们把公园里的垃圾捡完了，公园变得干净了，与以前不同了，故选d。31. c此句的意思是“2007年一年中，2945个人捡了42330磅垃圾，覆盖了132英里的路面。”32. b根据下文的“complaining”可知选b。33. a此句意思是“我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨”，故选a。34. c句意：我们需要榜样。故选c。35. d句意：你不能责备别人，除非以身作则。故选d。三 、阅读理解71.a 72.c 73.b 74.d 75.a【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】文章讲述了professor ryan调查实验，实验告诉我们荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们辨认不同的社会交往的能力；男女之间行为的差异是由主要是荷尔蒙的生物因素所引起的。47. 【答案】 b 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段1,2行women are friendly. but men are more competitive. why? researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素)可知，男女之间行为表现的不同是由于荷尔蒙催生素水平的不一样导致的。故b正确。48. 【答案】 a【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and和our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.第四段but in a previous experiment professor ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy在实验里professor ryan发现在消极的社会交往中，我们身体也释放出荷尔蒙，可知之前的实验告诉我们hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素)使用了另外一种形式来影响我们的行为。故a正确。49. 【答案】 a 【试题解析】推理题。文章最后三行professor ryan thus concluded: our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. and the beh