缩写以及符号部分.doc

List of Abbreviations缩写清单Abbreviation缩写 Meaning 含义A Abnormal (for partial safety factors) 反常工况（分项系数）C Condition of the serviceability 适用条件CRP Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic 碳纤维增强塑料Coh Coherence function 功能一致性DLC Design Load Case 设计负荷工况ECD Extreme Coherent gust with Direction change 方向改变的极限持续阵风ECG Extreme Coherent Gust 极限阵风EDC Extreme Direction Change 极限方向改变EOG Extreme Operating Gust 极限运行阵风EWM Extreme Wind speed Model 极限风速模式EWS Extreme Wind Shear 极限剪切风F Fatigue 疲劳FEM Finite Element Method 有限元方法FRP Fibre Reinforced Plastic 纤维增强塑料GRP Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic 玻璃纤维增强塑料GL Germanischer Lloyd 德国劳埃德船级社GL Wind Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GmbH 德国劳埃德船级社风能股份有限公司LDD Load Duration Distribution 负载持续分布N Normal and extreme (for partial safety factors) 正常和极限情况（对于分项系数）NTM Normal Turbulence Model 正常湍流模式NWP Normal Wind Profile 正常风速轮廓S Wind turbine class S (S for special) 风轮类别S（S表示特殊）T Transport, erection and maintenance (for partial safety factors and for the wind speed) 运输，树立和维护(对于分项系数和风速)U Ultimate limit state 最大极限状态Symbols and Units符号和单位Symbols and Units Used in the Guideline 本指南中所采用的符号和标准Symbol符号 Meaning 含义Unit 单位Remarks 备注A cross-section area (strength) 横截面（强度）reference surface (aerodynamics) 参考面（空气动力学）m A category for the higher turbulence intensity 高湍流强度的种类(see Section 4.2.2) AS stress cross-section 压力面m (see Section 5.3.3.4.1) a slope parameter 斜坡参数(see Section 4.2.2) B category for the lower turbulence intensity 低湍流强度的种类(see Section 4.2.2) b width (breadth) 宽度（幅度）mb1 opening width (arc measure) 开口宽度（弧形测量方法）m (see Section 6.6.7.2) C scale parameter of the Weibull function 韦伯函数指数m/s (see Section 4.2.3.1.1) CA coefficient of aerodynamic lift 升力系数CW coefficient of aerodynamic drag 阻力系数CM coefficient of aerodynamic moment 力矩系数Cia reduction factors for the material safety factor, short-term strength 材料安全因子，短期强度i from 1 to 4 Cib reduction factors for the material safety factor, fatigue strength 材料安全因子，疲劳强度i from 1 to 5 Cic reduction factors for the material safety factor, stability 材料安全因子，稳定性i from 1 to 2 Cid reduction factors for the material safety factor, bonding 材料安全因子，粘接i from 1 to 4 CIFF reduction factor for inter-fibre failure 内部纤维失效因子(cf. Section 5.5.3) cmax maximum blade depth 最大叶片深度m (cf. Section 4.2.4.2.3) cmin parameter for calculating the ice formation on the blade 叶片上结冰形态的计算参数m (see Section 4.2.4.2.3) D damage 损坏D, d diameter 直径m DQ damage contribution from vortex-induced transverse vibrations 横向涡激震动的损坏影响(see Section 6.6.6.1.5) DF damage contribution of the actions from the operating conditions 运行工况下损坏影响(see Section 6.6.6.1.5) d nominal bolt diameter 名义螺栓直径m (see Section 5.3.3.4.1) E E-modulus (modulus of elasticity) 弹性模量MPa, N/mm F force 力N Fi force acting in the direction i = x, y or z 力作用在方向上，i = x, y 或 zN (see Chapter 4, Appendix B) FSmax max. bolt force under extreme load 极限负载下最大螺栓力N (see Section 5.3.3.4.1) F0,2min bolt force at the 0.2 % elastic strain limit 0.2%的弹性拉力极限下的螺栓力N (see Section 5.3.3.4.1) f line force 线密度力N/mf frequency 频率1/s f = /(2) f0,n n-th natural frequency n次基频1/s n = 1, 2, fR maximum rotating frequency of the rotor in the normal operating range 正常运行范围内转子最大旋转频率1/s fR,m transition frequency of the m rotor blades 转子交变频率1/s G gust reaction factor 阵风作用因子G dead weight 固定负载/净负载N G shear modulus 剪切模量MPa, N/mm g area load from dead weight 固定负载下的面积负载N/m g acceleration due to gravity (=9.81m/s) 重力加速度（g=9.81m/s）m/s h height 高度m h1 opening height 运行高度m (see Section 6.6.7.2) I moment of inertia 惯性力矩m4 I15 characteristic value of the turbulence intensity for a mean wind speed of 15 m/s 平均风速15m/s时的湍流强度特征值(see Section 4.2.2) j casting quality level 阵风等级(see Section 5.3.3.4.3) j0 constant 常数(see Section 5.3.3.4.3) K modified Bessel function 修改过的Bessel方程KA application factor 运用因子(see Section 7.4.4.3.1) KF transverse load factor, root stress横向负载因数， 叶根受力(see Section 7.4.4.3.5) KF face load factor, root stress 面负载因子，叶根受力(see Section 7.4.4.3.4) KH transverse load factor, contact stress 横向负载因子，接触压力(see Section 7.4.4.3.5) KH face load factor, contact stress 面负载因子，接触压力(see Section 7.4.4.3.4) KV dynamic load factor 气动负载因子(see Section 7.4.4.3.2) K load distribution factor 负载分布因子(see Section 7.4.4.3.3) k flange gaps 法兰间隙m (see Section 6.6.7.1) k shape parameter of the Weibull function 韦伯函数的形状参数(see Section 4.2.3.1.1) ks reduction factor for the design S/N curve of large bolts 大螺栓的设计S/N曲线的缩减因子(see Section 5.3.3.4.1) L isotropic, integral turbulence scale parameter 等方性，积分湍流尺度参数m Le scale parameter of the coherence function 相干函数的尺度参数m Lk integral length parameter of the speed component 速度部件的积分长度参数m l component length 部件长度m l statically effective span 静态计算跨度m M moment 力矩Nm MBmin minimum required braking moment 最小要求的制动力矩kNm (see Section 7.5.1) MBminAusl minimum design braking moment 最小设计制动力矩kNm (see Section 7.5.1) MBmax maximum actual braking moment 最大实际制动力矩kNm (see Section 7.5.1) Mi moment acting in the direction i = x, y or z 力矩作用方向i = x, y or zNm (see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.B) Mk tilting moment of the induction generator 感应发电机的倾斜力矩Nm (see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.C) Mn rated torque 额定力矩Nm (see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.C) m mass 质量kg m slope parameter of the S/N curve S/N曲线的倾斜参数N permissible load cycle number 允许负载循环数N perpendicular force (axial force) 垂直力（轴向力）N N recurrence period for extreme conditions 极端情况的出现周期a Ni tolerable number of stress cycles 可接受的应力次数(see Section 5.3.3.2.3) ND limiting stress cycle number-fatigue limit 许可应力次数-疲劳极限(see Section 5.3.3.4) n quantity (i.e. number of) 数量（比如，几个）n rotational speed 旋转速度1/min n1 minimum operating rotational speed 最小运行旋转速度1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) n2 set value of the speed controller 速度控制器设定值1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) n3 maximum operating rotational speed 最大运行旋转速度1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) Vave annual average wind speed at hub height 轮毂高度平均年均风速m/s (see Section 4.2.3.1.1 und 4.2.2) VB gust value 阵风值m/s (see Section 2.2.3.3.2) Vcg extreme value of the wind speed amplitude for the coherent gust shape over the swept rotor area, applying the extreme coherent gust 风轮扫略面连续阵风风速幅值的极端值m/s (ECG: see Section 4.2.3.2.4) VeN expected extreme wind speed (averaged over 3 s), with a recurrence period of N years. Ve1 and Ve50 for 1 or 50 years respectively, applying the steady-state extreme wind speed model 期望的极端风速（平均超过3s），N年出现一次。运用连续极端风速模型，Ve1 和Ve50 f分别表示1年和50年m/s (EWM: see Section 4.2.3.2.1) VgustN maximum value of the wind speed for the extreme operating gust, with an expected recurrence period of N years 极端运行阵风时最大风速值，N年出现一次m/s (EOG: see Section 4.2.3.2.2) Vhub 10-min mean of the wind speed at hub height 轮毂高度10min平均风速m/s Vin cut-in wind speed 切入风速m/s (see Section 2.2.2.7) VN expected extreme wind speed (averaged over 10 min), with a recurrence period of N years. V1 and V50 for 1 or 50 years respectively, applying the turbulent extreme wind speed model N年出现一次的期望极端风速（平均超过10分钟）。运用湍流极端风速模型，Ve1 和Ve50 f分别表示1年和50年m/s (EWM: see Section 4.2.3.2.1) Vout cut-out wind speed 切出风速m/s (see Section 2.2.2.7) Vr rated wind speed 额定风速m/s (see Section 2.2.2.7) Vref reference wind speed: fundamental parameter of the extreme wind speed, used for definition of the type classes 参考风速：极端风速的基本参数，用于定义风的类型等级。m/s (see Section 4.2.2) VT the 10-min mean of the wind speed at hub height, specified by the manufacturer for maintenance, erection and transport. VT can consist of several quantities. 用于维护、树立和运输时轮毂高度10min的平均风速，由制造商规定，VT可以由一些量构成。m/s (cf. Section 4.3.4.8) v coefficient of variation 变化系数v displacement in the y direction y方向上的位移m W section modulus of a plane 平面的剖面模数m w displacement in the z direction z方向上的位移m X“d subtransient reactance 瞬时电抗(see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.C) x; x coordinates 坐标系m y parameter for the extreme wind shear model: horizontal distance to the hub centreline 极端剪切风模型参数：到轮毂中心线的水平距离(EWS: see Section 4.2.3.2.6) y; y Coordinates坐标系m z height over terrain surface 地表以上高度m (see Section 4.2.3.1.2) zhub hub height of the wind turbine over ground level 地面以上风轮轮毂高度m (see Section 4.2.3.1.2) z; z coordinates 坐标系m power law exponent for the normal wind profile 正常风廓幂指数(see Section 4.2.3.1.2) S inclination of the outer flange surfaces 外法兰表面倾斜 (see Section 6.6.7.1) parameter for the models of extreme operating gust, extreme direction change and extreme wind shear 极端运行阵风参数，极端方向改变和极端风剪切(EOG: see Section 4.2.3.2.2), (EDC: see Section 4.2.3.2.3), (EWS: see Section 4.2.3.2.6) gamma function 伽玛功能(see Section 4.2.3.1.1) slip 滑动= /G n4 cut-out speed 切出风速1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) nA activation speed 运行风速1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) n i number of existing stress cycles 现有的应力出现次数(see Section 5.3.3.2.3) nmax maximum overspeed最大过风速1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) nr rated speed 额定风速1/min (see Section 2.2.2.5) nref reference load cycle number 参考负载出现次数(see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.B) P confidence level 信心等级P live load 实际负载N P power 功率W P survival probability 生存概率(see Section 5.3.3.4.2) PA activation power 实际功率kW (see Section 2.2.2.6) Pr rated power 额定功率kW (see Section 2.2.2.6) PR (Vhub) Rayleigh probability distribution, i.e. the probability that V Vo 瑞利概率分布，比如V2/3 (see Section 5.3.3.4) 大于2/3 (见第5.3.3.4部分)S1 (f) power spectral density 能量频谱密度m2/s2 (see Section 4.2.3.1.3) SS safety against scuffing防刮擦保护sK tilting slip of the induction generator 异步发电机倾斜片（悬臂）(see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.C) T temperature 温度C, K T time interval 时间间隔s T characteristic gust shape duration 典型阵风形状持续时间s t component thickness 部件厚度m t time (as a variable)时间（作为变量） s T1 time constant of the stator 定子时间常数s (see Chapter 4, Appendix 4.C) Ui i% fractile value of the normal distribution 正态分布分数I%u displacement in the x direction x方向位移m V thrust 推力N V wind speed 风速m/s V (y, z, t) longitudinal component of the wind speed, describing the horizontal wind shear 风速的纵向构成，描述水平风剪切m/s (EWS: see Section 4.2.3.2.6) V (z) magnitude of the wind speed at the height z 高度z上的风速量级m/s (see Section 4.2.3.1.2) V (z, t) longitudinal component of the wind speed in relation to height and time 与高度和时间相关的风速纵向构成m/s (EWS: see Section 4.2.3.2.6) VA short-term cut-out wind speed 短期切出风速m/s (see Section 2.2.2.7) F partial safety factor for the loads 负荷分项系数(see Section 4.3.5) Gr partial safety factor for the analysis of the safety against bearing capacity failure 防止轴承失效的安全分析的分项系数(see Section 6.7.6.3) M partial safety factor for the material 材料的分项系数(see Sections 5.3.2.1, 5.3.3.2.2 and 5.4.1.2) M0 material partial safety factor 材料分项系数= 1.35, see Section 5.5.2.4, para 1 Ma material partial safety factor for short-term strength 短期强度的材料分项系数(see Section 5.5.2) Mb material partial safety factor for fatigue strength 疲劳强度的材料分项系数(see Section 5.5.2) Mc material partial safety factor for stability 稳定性的材料分项系数(see Section 5.5.3) Md material partial safety factor for bonding, short-term strength 粘接的材料分项系数，短期强度(see Section 5.5.6) Me material partial safety factor for bonding, long-term strength 粘接的材料分项系数，长期强度(see Section 5.5.6) M,3 material partial safety factor for the analysis of shear-loaded connections 剪切负荷连接处分析的材料分项系数(see Section 6.6.7.3) P partial safety factor for the analysis of pile foundations 桩基分析的分项系数(see Section 6.7.6.4) iT load partial safety factor for the rotor blade test 叶轮试验的负荷分项系数i from 1 to 2 I从1到2 opening angle 运行角 (see Section 6.6.7.2) B logarithmic decrement 对数衰减率 strain 应变率= /E nonlinear notch strain 非线性缺口应力(see Section 5.A.1.5) cg greatest angular deviation during a gust development from the direction of the average wind speed, applying the model for extreme coherent gust with direction change 在阵风发展过程中，从平均风速方向上的最大角偏移，运用方向变化的极端连续阵风模型 (ECD: see Section 4.2.3.2.5) (t) time curve of the wind direction change 风向变化的时间曲线 eN extreme direction change, with a recurrence period of N years, applying the model of the extreme direction change 极端方向变化，N年出现一次，运用极端风向变化模型 (EDC: see Section 4.2.3.2.3) N(t) time curve of the extreme direction change with a recurrence period of N years, apply-ing the model of the extreme direction change N年出现一次的极端方向变化的时间曲线，运用极端方向变化模型 (EDC: see Section 4.2.3.2.3) temperature 温度C mean, year annual average temperature 年均温度C (see Section 4.4.5.2) 1year min/max extreme temperature with a recurrence period of 1 year 1年重复出现的极端温度C (see Section 4.4.5.2) min/max, operation extreme temperature for operation 运行极端温度C (see Section 4.4.5.2) 1 turbulence scale parameter 湍流尺度m (see Section 4.2.3.1.3) friction coefficient / slip factor 摩擦系数/滑动因子E parameter for calculating the ice formation on the rotor blade 叶片上冰的计算参数kg/m, (see Section 4.2.4.2.3) density 密度kg/m E density of the ice 冰的密度kg/m3 (see Section 4.2.4.2.3) normal stress 常压MPa, N/mm nonlinear notch stress 非线性缺口应力MPa, N/mm (see Appendix 5.A, Section 5.A.1.5) A reference value of the S/N curve S/N曲线的参考值MPa, N/mm (see Section 5.3.3.4.2) A reference value of the S/N curve S/N曲线的参考值MPa, N/mm (see Section 5.3.3.4.2) D fatigue limit 疲劳极限MPa, N/mm (see Section 5.3.3.4.2) k linear-elastic notch stress 线性弹性缺口应力MPa, N/mm (see Appendix 5.A, Section 5.A.1.5) S structural or hot spot stress 结构或者热点应力MPa, N/mm (see Appendix 5.A, Section 5.A.1.5) 1 standard deviation of the lo