初中英语时态讲义及练习.doc

现在进行时 形式：现在进行时是由助动词be+现在分词（动词原形+ing）构成的拼写：A 动词以单一的e字母结尾时，去掉e再加ing：argue，arguing hate，hating love，loving age，dye，和singe除外：ageing dyeing singeing动词以ee结尾时，直接加ing：agree，agreeing see，seeingB 单音节动词中只有一个元音字母并以单一辅音字母结尾时，则先双写该辅音字母再加ing：hit，hitting run，running stop，stopping两个或两个以上音节的动词，如果它的最后一个音节只含有一个元音字母而又以单一辅音字母结尾，重音又落在这个音节上，就要双写该辅音字母，然后加ing：admit，admitting begin，beginning prefer，preferring但是：budget，budgeting enter，entering（重音不在最后音节上）单一元音字母后的结尾字母l总要双写：signal，signalling travel，travelling在美国英语中，这种情况下l不双写。C 以y结尾的动词可以直接加ing，该词的拼写不受任何影响：carry，carrying enjoy，enjoying hurry，hurrying一般现在时 形式：一般现在时的肯定式与不定式的形式相同，但第三人称单数要加s。缩略形式：动词do在否定式和否定疑问式中通常用缩略形式：I dont workHe doesnt workDont I work？Doesnt he work？拼写注意事项：以ss，sh，ch，x和o结尾的动词，在构成第三人称单数时，要加es：I kiss， he kisses I box，he boxes I rush， he rushes I do，he does I watch， he watches I go， he goes 以字母y结尾的动词，y前为辅音字母时，要把y变为i再加es：I carry， he carries I copy，he copies I try，he tries 以字母y结尾的动词，y前为元音字母时，按照通常规则变化：I obey， he obeys I say， he says用来表示习惯性动作A用来表示习惯动作：He smokes他抽烟。Dogs bark狗（会）叫。Cats drink milk猫喝牛奶。一般现在时并不告诉我们说话时动作是否在进行，如果要明确这一点，就必须加一个动词的进行时形式：Hes workingHe always works at night他在工作。他常常在晚上工作。My dog barks a lot，but he isnt barking at the moment我的狗老爱叫，但此刻没叫。B一般现在时常常和某些副词或副词短语连用，诸如always， never，occasionally，often，sometimes，usually， every week，on Mondays，twice a year等：How often do you wash your hair？你多长时间洗一次头发？I go to church on Sundays我星期天去教堂做礼拜。It rains in winter冬天常下雨。或与表示惯例或习惯性动作的时间从句连用。whenever和when（=whenever）特别有用：Whenever it rains the roof leaks只要下雨屋顶就漏水。When you open the door a light goes on只要你打开门，灯就亮了。一般过去时形式A规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加 ed 构成的.动词原形：work过去式：worked以e结尾的动词只加d. 动词原形：love过去式： loved对所有人称，均无词形变化：I worked you worked he worked等规则和不规则动词的否定式均由 did notdidn t动词原形构成：I did notdidnt work you did notdidnt work等疑问式则均由 did主语动词原形构成：did I work？ did you work？等否定疑问式：did you notdidnt you work？等B拼写注意事项加ing时最后一个辅音字母双写的规则也适用于加ed的场合：admit，admitted stop， stopped travel，travelled 以y结尾的动词，y前为辅音字母时，在加ed之前要把y变为i：carry， carried try， tried 但y前面是元音字母时则不变：obey， obeyed-ed词尾有 3种读音。在清辅音后读作t，以t或d结尾的词，-ed读作id，在其他情况下，ed读作d。不规则动词表：be（am，are，is）was were ；beat- beat -beaten ；become - became - becomebegin began-begun ；bend-bent，bended-bent，bended；bite -bit - bitten，bit；break broke-broken，broke（形容词）；bring - brought brought；buildbuilt-builtbuy- bought bought；castcastcast；catch- caught caught；choose - chose -chosencome-came come；cost - cost cost；cutcutcut；do-did done；draw drew-drawndrink-drank -drunk，drunken（形容词）；drivedrovedriven；fall fellfallen；feed -fed fed；feel feltfelt；fight - fought fought；findfoundfound；fly-flew -flown forget forgotforgotten；freezefrozefrozen；getgot- got，gotten（美）；give-gave -givengowentgone；grow-grew grown；have,hashadhad；hear-heard -heardhithithit；holdheldheld；hurt- hurt hurt；keep - kept kept；knowknew-knownlay - laid laid；lead ledled；learn-learnt（英），learned-learnt（英），learnedleaveleftleft；lendlentlent；letletlet；lie-lay lain；lose-lost - lostmakemademade；mean-meant meant；meet- met - met ；pay- paid paid；put - put -putread ri:d- readred- readred；rideroderidden；ring-rang，rung-rungrise-rose risen；run-ran run；say - said said；seesawsee；sell -sold -soldsendsentsent；set-set set；shootshotshot；sing -sang，sung sung；sit-sat -satsleepsleptslept；speak- spoke，spake spoken；spell-spelt（英）spelled-spelt（英），spelledspend - spent spent；spread -spread spread；stand stoodstood；stealstole- stolenswim- swam swum；take -took taken；teach taughttaught；tell- told -toldthink- thought thought；throw - threw thrown； wear-wore worn；win- won - wonwrite - wrote -writtenDid you enjoy it？过去进行时 形式：过去进行时是由动词be的过去式现在分词构成的。现在完成时 A形式：现在完成时由have的现在式过去分词构成；否定式由助动词后加not构成；疑问式由倒装了的助动词与主语构成。与just连用表示刚完成的动作：He has just gone out他刚出去。相当于：He went out a few minutes ago他在几分钟前出去了。这是现在完成时态的一种特殊用法。just必须位于助动词与主要动词之间。这种搭配主要用于肯定式，也可用于疑问式：Has he just gone out？他刚刚出去吗？just一般不用于否定式。与for和since连用A for与表示一段时间的短语连用：for six days六天for a long time很久for与一般过去时连用，表示一段终结了的时间：We lived there for ten years我们在那里住过十年。（但我们现在不住那里了）for与现在完成时连用表示延续到现在的一段时间：We have lived in London for ten years我们在伦敦已经住了十年。（并且还住在那里）for有时可以省略，特别是在be，live和wait之后：Weve been here an hourtwo days我们在这里已经呆了一小时两天了。表示时间的for不能用于以all开头的短语的前面：Theyve worked all night他们整整干了一晚上。 since与某一时刻连用，表示从那一时刻到说话时为止。She has been here since six oclock从6点钟起她一直在这里。（并且现在还在这里）Weve been friends since our schooldays从上学的时候起我们就是好朋友了。 since从句也可表示相同的意思：Ive worked here since I left school离开学校后我就一直在这里工作。ever since作副词用：He had a bad fall last year and has been off work ever since他去年摔伤了，从那以后就没工作过。it is一段时间since一般过去时或现在完成时It is three years since I（last）saw Bill自从我（上次）和比尔见面到现在已经三年了。It is three years since I have seen Bill自我和比尔那次见面以来已经有三年了。I last saw Bill three years ago我最后一次见到比尔是在三年以前。I havent seen Bill for three years我已经有三年没见到过比尔了。现在完成进行时形式：这种时态由动词be的现在完成时形式现在分词构成：肯定式：I have been working，he has been working等否定式：I have nothavent been working等疑问式：have I been working？等否定疑问式：have I nothavent I been working？等用法：现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始、现仍在继续中的动作，或一个过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作：Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up我等了一小时了，可他还没来。Im so sorry Im lateHave you been waiting long？真对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗？过去完成时 A 形式：过去完成时由had过去分词构成，因此无人称变化：肯定式：I hadId worked等否定式：I had nothadnt worked等疑问式：had I worked？等否定疑问式：had I nothadnt I worked？等一般将来时形式：现代英语中严格说没有将来时态，但为了方便常把willshall+不带to的不定式称为一般将来时。第一人称will和shall：will专用来表示意图：I will wait for you相当于：I intend to wait for you我会等你。在不存在任何意图的场合用shall，即shall用于不牵涉到主语愿望的动作：I shall be 25 next week下星期我就25岁了。We shall know the result next week下周我们就会知道结果了。I shall see Tom tomorrow明天我会见到汤姆的。（也许我们坐同一列火车上班。）现在，shall的以上用法在较正式的英语中仍可见到，但在口语中已不再常见了。相反，通常用will：I will be 25 next week下星期我25岁了。Well know the result tomorrow明天我们就会知道结果了。但是，有时will可能改变句子的意思。如果在 I shall see Tom tomorrow这个句子中用 will代替 shall，就会变成 I will see Tom tomorrow。这个句子可能表示明天我要见汤姆的意图。为避免这种模棱两可的情况就用将来进行时：Ill be seeing Tom tomorrow明天我会见汤姆。然而，shall在疑问句中仍可使用。shall常用在lets后面的附加疑问中：Lets go，shall we？咱们走，好吗？用于建议：Shall we take a taxi？我们乘出租汽车，好吗？用于请求对方下命令或作指示：What shall I do with your mail？我应该怎么处理您的信件？用于推测：Where shall we be this time next year？明年的这个时候我们会在什么地方？（虽然这里也可以用will。）一般将来时的用法A 表示说话人对于将来的看法、假定和推测的句子中常由动词befeel sure，believe，expect，hope，know， think等来引导或与副词perhaps，possibly，probably，surely等连用，但也可以不用这些副词：（Im sure）hell come back（我肯定）他会回来。（I suppose）theyll sell the house（我想）他们要卖房子。（Perhaps）well find him at the hotel（也许）我们会在旅馆里找到他。Theyll（probably）wait for us他们（很可能）要等我们。将来进行时A 形式：这种时态由be的将来时形式+现在分词构成。如主语为第一人称，除在疑问句外will要比shall更常用。将来完成时形式：willshall+完成式用于第一人称，will+完成式用于其他人称。用法：它常与表示时间的短语连用，而后者常以by开头：by then到那时by that time到那时by the 24th到 24号那天By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。 将来完成进行时形式：willshall have been+现在分词用于第一人称，而 will have been+现在分词用于其他人称。用法：正如将来完成时一样，它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用：By the end of this year hell have been acting for thirty years到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。用动词一般现在时填空：(1) _ Lucy _ apples ? （like） (2) Mary often _ to school . （walk） (3) We sometimes _ football after school . （play） (4) My parents _ a car . （not have） (5) _ you _ the answer to the question ? （know）用动词现在进行时填空： (1) You cant see them . They _ model ships now. （not make） (2) _ Mary _ an Chinese song now ? （sing） (3) Jacks sister _ TV now . （not watch） (4) Dont go out . It _ hard now . （rain） (5) Some students _ in the classroom. （read） (6) _ the students _ the museum now ? （visit） (7) Dont make any noise. They _ a meeting . （have）用动词一般过去时填空： (1) Tom _ TV last night . （not watch） (2) Jack _ late for school yesterday. （be） (3) _ you ill last week? （be） (4) _ Lucy _ a good time yesterday ? （have） (5) We _ shopping last Saturday. （go）选用适当的情态动词填空：(1) “_ I speak to Jake? ”“Speaking !” (2) Dont be late again . You _ be here on time. (3) You cant park your car here . You _ park it in the car-park . (4) You _ play on the street , its dangerous . (5) You _ talk to friends by telephone .用how或what填空： (1) _ heavy the traffic is ! (2) _ a nice , kind boy! (3) _ bad the weather is today ! (4) _ lovely babies ! (5) _ bad weather ! (6) _ busy they are ! (7) _ a traffic jam ! (8) _ beautiful Shanghai is ! 用a / an填空：(1) _ interesting story-book(2) _ nice old woman (3) _ American girl(4) _ u(5) _ song(6) _ useful tool (7) _ h (8) _ envelope(9) _ English teacher (10) _ hour人称代词的转换： (1) A friend of _ will come to visit her this evening. （she） (2) Are these your pens ? They arent _ . （I） (3) Would you please give _ the pencil? （he） (4) Is this _ book ? （you） (5) _ had an English party last Sunday. （we） (6) They enjoyed _ very much at the party. （they）将下列名词变成复数形式: (1) The _ are playing football. （boy） (2) We are _ , we live in China. （Chinese） (3) These are Lucys _ . （box） (4) How many _ are there in the village? （woman） (5) One of the _ is a Young Pioneer. （girl）(6) I have two （leg） _ and _ . （foot）二. 选择填空：（ ）1. “_ you skate ?”“Sorry , I cant .” A. CanB. MustC. May（ ）2. “Must I finish my homework at school ?” “No , you _ .” A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt（ ）3. Please be quiet. You _ talk loudly in the hospital. A. mustnt B. needntC. must（ ）4. “_ _ you like some tea?” “Yes , please .” A. Would B. Will C. Do（ ）5. “Can you answer this question ?” “No , I _ .” A. may not B. neednt C. cant（ ）6. “_ I use your pencil ?” “Certainly , here you are .” A. MustB.MayC. Shall（ ）7. Please give the schoolbag _ Jack . A. toB. withC. /（ ）8. Please give _ the schoolbag. A. hisB. himC. he（ ）9. The girls enjoyed _ at the party . A. ourselvesB. themselvesC. myself（ ）10. We should keep ourselves _ . A. strong and healthB. strong and healthyC. strongly and healthy（ ）11. The story are _ and were _ in them . A. interested ; interesting B. interesting ; interested C. interested , interested（ ）12. You should _ your car here, you shouldnt _ it by the road side . A. park ; leave B. parking , leaving C. to park , to leave（ ）13. Doing eye exercises is _ for your eyes . A. goodB. badC. not good（ ）14. _ does it last ? For half an hour . A. How oftenB. HowC. How long（ ）15. _ nice my house is !A. WhatB. HowC. What a（ ）16. _ warm day it is today ! A. WhatB. What aC. How a（ ）17. _ happily the boys are playing ! A. HowB. WhatC. How a（ ）18. _ I come to school at six ? No , you neednt . A. CanB. MustC. Do（ ）19. _ delicious cake it is ! A. How a B. What aC. What（ ）20. Lets _ a rest and _ some water . A. take , drinkB. take , to drinkC. to take, to drink（ ）21. _ New Years eve , we shall have a party . A. InB. OnC. At（ ）23. The Christmas tree is standing _ the corner of the room .A. atB. inC. on（ ）24. Tom likes to make _ with different _ . A. friends , people B. friend , peopleC. friends , peoples（ ）25. _ do you visit your hometown ? Once a year . A. How longB. How soonC. How often（ ）26. What kind of person is Mr. Green? Hes _ . A. quiet and kind B. quietly and kindC. quiet and kindly（ ）28. Therere all _ of books in the library. A. kindsB. kindC. sort（ ）29. Its very dark in the room , please _ the lights . A. turn offB. putC. turn on（ ）30. Look ! The buses and cars are busy _ . A. come and goB. came and wentC. coming and going（ ）31. Be careful when you _ the busy road . A. crossB. acrossC.run cross（ ）32. Youd better _ bus to get there . A. byB. to take the C. take the（ ）33. When does then train _ Beijing ? A. leave toB. leave for C. leave on（ ）34. Therere many ways of _ around the town . A. travelingB. travelsC. travel（ ）35. Jim decided _ a trip with Lucy. A. to makeB. makingC. makes（ ）36. Whatre you going to do _ holiday ? A. for B. toC. on（ ）37. Which subject should I talk _ ?How about sports? A.toB.withC. about（ ）38. Jack promises _ fishing with us .A. to goB. go C. going（ ）39. Tom asked _ his name , but he didnt tell him .A. toB. withC. for（ ）40. Would you please _ the postcard into the letter-box ?A. sendB.postC. drop（ ）41. If you _ hard , you _ the English exam . A. work , passB. work , passC. work , will pass（ ）42. When I walked _ the library, I saw it happen . A. pastB. passC. passed（ ）43. Does Lily know _ the word ? A. to how spellB. how spellC. how to spell（ ）44. _ took them thirty minutes to walk there . A. TheyB. ThatC. It（ ）45. Cindy _ one hundred Yuan _ the shoes . A. spent ; onB. spent ; forC. took ; for（ ）46. Why _ wait for them ? Theyre coming in a minute . A. notB. dontC. you dont（ ）47. The people over there _ a meeting now . A. havingB. are havingC. is having（ ）48. Which subject do you like _ , English or art ? A. betterB. wellC. very much（ ）49. Tom learns Chinese very _ . A. goodB. niceC. well（ ）50. I dont feel very _ today . A. goodB. betterC. well（ ）51. I havent seen you _ two months. A. sinceB. forC. when（ ）52. What is the postage _ the letter _ U.S.A.? A. for , forB. for , toC. to , for（ ）53. Jims mother _ the money _ Jim and told him to buy some books. A. gave , /B. gave , withC. gave , to（ ）54. Help _ to some more apples, girls ! A. yourselfB. yourselvesC. themselves（ ）55. Tom enjoyed _ a lot , he read a lot of famous books. A. readsB. readC. reading（ ）56. Are you ready _ the English exam? A. to B. to haveC. having（ ）57. _ the door when you leave . A. Do closeB. ClosesC. Closing（ ）58. Jack is a kind-hearted boy, he often _ me _ my lessons . A. helps , withB. help , to doC. helps , and（ ）59. The policeman told the children _ carefully when they cross the road . A. to lookB. lookC. not look（ ）60. The Browns _ send the letters to their friends. A. wantB. want notC. want to现在进行时练习一.按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_二.对“is playing basketball”提问：_对“The boy”提问：_2. They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“are singing”提问：_对“in the classroom”提问：_3. 仿照例句造句: Model: read a book -What are you doing? -Im reading a book. 1. read a new book 2. clean the blackboard3. she, the window, open, now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)4. The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)5. is, who, the window, cleaning?(连词成句)6. The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)7. She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)8. You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主语改写句子)9. they, the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)10.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) 用现在进行时完成下列句子1. What _ you _ (do)?2. I _ (sing) an English song.3. What _ he _ (mend)?4. He _ (mend) a car.5. _ you _ (fly) a kite? Yes, _.6. _ she _ (sit) in the boat?7. _ you _ (ask) questions?8. We _ (play) games now.动词时态题专练( )1. There _ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _. A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening? - She often _ her homewo