2019届中考英语复习 第二篇 中考语法专项 第25课 形容词与副词基础知识.doc

第25课 形容词与副词课堂突破形 容 词概念用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫作形容词。作用作定语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden你能在花园里见到许多美丽的花朵。作表语Your coat is too small你的外套太小了。作宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy那位年老的妇女保持一切东西干净整洁。一、形容词的用法用法例句1. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep不要把睡着的小孩叫醒。他睡着了。The old man is alone这个老人独自一人。2. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。Youd better tell us something interesting你最好告诉我们一些有趣的事情。The police found nothing strange in the room警察在房间里没有发现奇怪的事情。3. 多个形容词作定语时排列的先后顺序是：（1）冠词或人称代词；（2）数词；（3）性质；（4）大小；（5）形状；（6）表示老少、新旧；（7）颜色；（8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。His grandpa still lives in this small short house他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。4. 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor, good/bad,young/old, healthy/ill, living/dead, black/white（表示人种）等。The young should take good care of the old年轻人应该好好照顾老年人。The rich never help the poor in this country在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。5. 形容词短语作定语时要后置。They are the students easy to teach他们是很容易教的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours我们住的房子比你们的大得多。6. else要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后。Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？二、形容词比较等级形容词比较等级的规则变化表情况改法例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词和少数双音节词比较级在词尾加-er；最高级在词尾加-esttallcleanfewtallercleanerfewertallestcleanestfewest以e结尾的单音节词比较级在词尾加-r；最高级在词尾加-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词比较级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加-er；最高级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加-estbig fatthin sadhot redwet bigger fatterthinner sadderhotter redderwetter biggest fattestthinnest saddesthottest reddest wettest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词比较级改y为i，加-er；最高级改y为i，加-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest两个或两个以上音节的词比较级在词前加more；最高级在词前加mostusefulexpensivemore usefulmore expensivemost usefulmost expensive常见形容词比较等级的不规则变化表原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、形容词比较等级的基本句型等级句型例句原级as+原级+as，意为“和一样”I think this book is as interesting as that one. 我认为这本书和那本书一样有趣。not+as/so+原级+as，意为“不如”Its not as/so hot today as yesterday. 今天不如昨天热。less+原级+than，意为“不如”This story is less interesting than that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。比较级比较级+than，意为“一者比另一者”Your T-shirt is nicer than his. 你的T恤衫比他的好看。the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越越”The busier we are, the happier we will be. 我们越忙越快乐。比较级+and+比较级，意为“越来越”Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。等级句型例句比较级the+比较级+of the two.，意为“两者中较为的一个”Jack is the younger of the two boys. 杰克是两个男孩中年龄较小的一个。数词+times+比较级+than，意为“比更”This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大三倍。比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词/比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词，意为“比其他任何一个都”He is taller than any other boy in his class. =He is taller than the other boys in his class.他比班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。最高级the+形容词最高级+名词+in/of短语Jim is the tallest boy of all.吉姆是所有男孩中个子最高的。疑问词+be+the+最高级Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳、月亮和地球哪一个最大？the+序数词+最高级，意为“第几最”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。one of the+最高级+复数名词，意为“最之一”Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。【活学活用】 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the_（healthy） you will be.2. Ive got quite a few dictionaries. Among them, the Chinese-English dictionary is the （useful）.3. My time in the middle school was one of_（exciting） periods of my life.4. Many students are_（happy） with too much homework. They need more time for their hobbies.5. Why are you looking_（sleep） in class all day?Because I cant finish my homework until eleven every night.副 词用法主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。形式简单副词这类副词本身就是副词，没有特殊的词尾。如：now, how, there, quite, very, always, too, back,again等。由形容词+-ly构成的副词这些词多数是方式副词。如：bravely, quickly, quietly, greatly, carefully, gladly, slowly, deeply, clearly, firmly, simply, angrily, truly等。与形容词同形的副词earlyan early bus早班车go to school early上学早 hardhard work艰辛的工作study hard努力学习enoughenough money足够的钱big enough足够大 latebe late for school上学迟到go to bed late睡觉迟作用1. 用在形容词或其他副词前。如：I know him quite well. 我对他很熟悉。She is quite interested in English. 她对英语很感兴趣。2. 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、方式、频率等。如：He went into the room quietly. 他悄悄地走进了房间。They often go skating in winter. 冬天他们经常去滑冰。3. 修饰整个句子。如：Luckily, they won the game. 很幸运，他们赢了这场比赛。4. 用在名词后作定语。如：Look at the trees there. 看那儿的那些树。The young people here all like football. 这儿的年轻人都喜欢足球。5. 作宾语补足语。如：I saw her out with her parents. 我看见她跟她父母一起出去了。位置1. 副词修饰动词时，一般放在动词的后面；若是修饰及物动词，则放在宾语之后。如：Tom does his homework carefully. 汤姆做功课很细心。2. 频度副词often, always, usually, never以及just, really, suddenly, still等，通常放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或连系动词be之后。如：They always get up very early. 他们总是起得很早。Li Ping is often late for school. 李平经常上学迟到。3. 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，放在被修饰词之前。如：This problem is too difficult. 这个问题太难了。注：副词enough通常放在被修饰词之后。如：My brother isnt old enough to go to school. 我弟弟还不到上学的年龄。4. 如果一个句子里同时出现有表示时间、地点的副词作状语时，通常是先地点、后时间。如：He worked in Qingdao last year. 他去年在青岛工作。I was born in Wuhan in 1976. 我于1976年出生于武汉。5. 当多个时间副词连用时一般把较具体的时间放在前面，较笼统的时间放在后面。如：My uncle will leave for Shanghai at 7 oclock in the morning tomorrow. 我叔叔明天早晨7点将去上海。6. 为了强调动作发生的时间，有些副词可置于句首，如once, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now, usually等。如：Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。Usually we get on very well with each other. 通常我们彼此相处得都很好。7. 有少数副词在句中的位置非常灵活，常放在与它关系最密切的词前，如only, even等。如：He can only read. He cant write. 他只会读，不会写。Only I have been there. They havent been there. 只有我去过那儿。他们没去过。比较等级1. 副词比较级和最高级大多数是在词前加more和most。只有少数几个副词，如quick, fast, slow, early等是在词尾加-er和-est。如：They run faster than before. 他们比以前跑得快。He got to school earliest in his class. 在他的班里他到校最早。2. 副词比较等级的用法与形容词比较等级的用法基本相同，但副词最高级前的定冠词the可有可无。如：The boy writes （the） most carefully of the four. 那个男孩是四个人当中写得最认真的。3. 不规则副词的比较级和最高级：wellbetterbest badlyworseworst littlelessleast muchmoremost farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest【活学活用】 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The leaders believed_（strong） that the purpose of the program was to give youngoverseas Chinese a chance to learn more about themselves.2. Could you please speak a little more_（slow）? I cant follow you.3. Wei Fang is very young, but she draws as_（good） as her brother.4. Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult?Yes, I could_（hard） work it out.5. Jane listens_ （careful） in her class.当堂检测一、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. （xx金华、丽水）If you are at a party, youll find everyone smiling_（开心地） and loudly.2. （xx宁波）The_（努力） you work, the more progress you will make.3. We felt_（骄傲的） when Liu Xiang won first prize again in the race.4. Everybody should remember it is not_（安全的） to swim in the river alone.5. His grandparents live_（独自） in a small house, but they dont feel_（孤单的）.6. I think winter is a beautiful season,_（尤其） when it snows.Me, too.7. In the piano contest, my brother didnt play well and I did even_（差劲的）.8. Have you ever seen the movie called The Secret?Yes, but I think its_（无聊的）. I fell asleep when I saw it.9. The bread smells good and it sells_（好）.10. Its_（浪费的） to throw away old things. Some of them can be reused.二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。（xx诸暨中考模拟）As a high school student, Kimmarie Pond hadnt considered living 1_（健康地） by cycling. That changed after she took part in Soul Cycles Soul Scholarship program in the 2_（第九） month of last year. The program 3_（教） teens only from New Yorks suburbs（郊区） at that time.The 17-year-old girl, Kimmarie Pond, was asked4_（是否） she thought she was too old to learn about living a fit lifestyle or not. “I would say that youre never too old to learn anything. And I dont think cycling is that hard,” she said. “We take nutrition（营养） classes, where we learn about 5_（知识） that can help us to be fit. Whats more, I think their teaching methods are also really interesting and 6_（有用的）,” another student Brown said.About one-third of the teens used to spend plenty of time 7_（关闭） off computers before cycling. They really disliked cycling. But now, they are working out regularly. “We could have expected that the kids would be so 8_（兴奋的） about the program,” said Ashley Mashihi, a cyc