英语六级翻译：时态及倍数.doc

英语六级翻译：时态及倍数翻译专项练习倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍)2) This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3) The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).5) They _(计划将投资增加一倍).时态1) Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2) When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).倍数增减的表示法1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 (考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than)2) reacts three times as fast as the other one (考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as)3) is 49 times the size of the moon (考点：倍数 + 名词)4) wants to raise the rent by a third (考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数)5) plan to double their investment (考点：double + 名词)时态1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church (考点：将来完成时)2) the children had fallen asleep (考点：过去完成时)3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside (考点：将来进行时)4) have been revising my resume all the morning (考点：现在完成进行时)5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday (考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)6) He has been in the army for 5 years (考点：1. 现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)英语六级翻译技巧：英汉词汇互译的若干方法(一)准确理解词义 1. 根据上下文辨词义。2. 论褒贬，即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度。任何语言都有语体之分，有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的，还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中，作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。翻译时，必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样，才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。(1) 词义有轻重的不同例如表示“打破”的词break是最一般的用语，意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。crack是出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片。crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。destroy是完全摧毁，使之无法复原。shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。来源：smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。又如表示“闪光”的词shine照耀；指光的稳定发射。glitter闪光；指光的不稳定发射。glare耀眼；表示光的最强度。sparkle闪烁；指发射微细的光度。(2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同在一定上下文中，在agriculture，farming，cultivation，agronomy四个词中：griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程，所包含的范围最广。farming指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。又如在empty，vacant，hollow这组同义词中，它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容：empty可以用来形容house，room，cup，box，stomach，head，words等词，表示“空的，一无所有。”vacant可以用来形容position，room，house，seat等词表示“没有人占用的，空缺的。”hollow可以和tree，voice，sound，cheeks等词连用，表示“空洞的，虚的，不实的，下陷的。”(3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同。如“死”就有许多委婉的说法：to expire 逝世to pass away 与世长辞to close (end) ones day 寿终to breathe ones last 断气to go west 归西天to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉to give up the ghost 见阎王to kick the bucket 翘辫子to kick up ones heels 蹬腿又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法：She is having a baby.She is expecting.She is in the family way.She is knitting little booties.She is in a delicate condition.She is in an interesting condition.又如“警察”：policeman 正式用语cop 美国口语bobby 英国口语nab 美国俚语3. 看搭配。任何一种语言，在长期使用的过程中，会形成一种固定的词组或常见的搭配。这些比较固定的说法，有时可以译成另一种语言，有时则不行。翻译时，必须注意英汉两种语言中词的不同搭配。以kill为例：He killed the man.他杀死了那个人。He killed his chances of success.他断送了成功的机会。He killed the motion when it came from the committe e.他否决了委员会提出来的动议。He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.他一周内喝光了三瓶威士忌。kill the peace 扼杀和平kill the promise 取消诺言kill a marriage 解除婚约还要注意英汉定语与名词的搭配不同：heavy crops 丰收heavy news 令人悲痛的消息heavy road 泥泞的路heavy sea 波涛汹涌的海洋heavy heart 忧伤的心heavy reader 沉闷冗长的读物又如：来源：考试大的美女编辑们a broken man 一个绝望的人a broken soldier 一个残废军人a broken promise 背弃的诺言a broken spirit 消沉的意志broken money 零钱来源:大学英语六级考试翻译题整理汇总During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了Surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降)The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his sons having been admitted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了)The lecture was so boring that the students couldnt help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠)Ill be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school(好心载我一程去学校)(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president.Mrs.Smith shut the window lest the noise outside (should) interfere with her sons sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺)When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth.The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it stopped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了)What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式)This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道)The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力)Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, enables more women to take full advantages of employment of opportunities.(使得更多的妇女能够充分利用就业机会) The likely reactions of the market needs considering carefully before action are token(在采取行动之前需要认真考虑)He made such a contribution to the university that they named one of the buildings after him(以他的名字为其中一栋楼命名)He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considering insufficiently popular with all members(因为考虑他无法得到全体成员的欢迎)Americans eat twice more protein than (两倍多的蛋白质)they actually need every day。When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct, otherwise yo