2011中考词汇讲解(九).doc

中考英语考纲词汇用法详解(I)Iai pron. 我：I am a college student. 我是一名大学生。 / I am very busy.我很忙。/ I see. 我明白了。iceais n. 冰：I am learning to skate on real ice! 我正在真正的冰上学溜冰。/ It is dangerous to walk on thin ice. 在薄冰上行走很危险。/ Would you like some ice in your drink? 你要在饮料里加些冰块吗？ID7ai5di: n. 身份证：Please show your ID. 请出示你的身份证。/ If someone appears saying he is a policeman, ask for ID. 如果有人说他是警察，可要他出示身份证。【说明】ID的完整形式为identity card。ideaai5diE n. 主意；想法；意见：An idea crossed my mind. 我突然产生了一个念头。/ Thats not a good idea; it wont work. 这不是一个好主意，它行不通的。ifif conj. 如果；是否：Well go if the weather stays fine. 如果天气好我们就去。/ I wonder if he is at home. 我不知道他是否在家。【注意】当if作“如果”解时，用来引导条件状语从句；当作“是否”解时，相当于whether，常用来引导宾语从句。illil adj. 病的：He has been ill for a long time. 他病了很久了。/ She is ill, so she cant come. 她病了，所以不能来。 【辨析】ill和sick两者均表示“有病的”，ill只用作表语，而sick既可用作定语，也可用作表语。表示“病人们”，用 the sick(具有复数意义)而不用the ill。如：They have come to see the sick. 他们已来看望过病人。imaginei5mAdVin v. 设想；想像：You can imagine my surprise when they told me the news. 你能想像得出当他们把那则消息告诉我时我是多么惊讶。/ There is nobody following us you are just imagining it. 没有人跟踪我们你只不过是猜想而已。importantim5pC:tnt adj. 重要的；重大的：It is very important to keep your teeth in good condition. 保护牙齿完好是很重要的。【注意】 表示“对重要”，可用介词to, for。如：The dictionary is important to for her. 这本字典对她很重要。improveim5pru:v v. 提高；改善：We should improve the living conditions of the people. 我们应改善人民生活。/ It will help to improve your speaking. 这会帮助提高你的口语能力。inin prep. 在里内；上；用表示：There is no cloud in the sky. 晴空万里无云。 / Ill be ready in an hour. 我一小时以内准备好。increasein5kri:s v. 增加；增长：The number of students has increased since last year. 自去年以来学生的人数增加了。/ The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上的人口在急骤增加。India5indjE n. 印度：India became a republic in 1950. 印度在1950年成为共和国。Indian5indjEn adj. 印度的；印度人的：Recently Indian films have also become popular outside India. 近年来印度电影在国外也很流行。information7infE5meiFn n. 信息；情报：He gave me all the information he had. 他把所有的信息都告诉我了。/ Ive just been sent a whole lot of information. 刚刚给我送来了大量的资料。【用法】information是不可数名词，因此不能与不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式。若要计数，可用 a piece of / a bit of。如：This is a useful piece of information. 这是一则有用的情报。insidein5said prep. 在的里面：He was standing just inside the door. 他恰恰站在门里面。/ We went inside the gate of our school. 我们走进学校的大门。inspectorin5spektE n. 警官；监督员：A ticket inspector got on the train. 一位查票员上了火车。insteadin5sted adv. 代替，顶替：He is tired, let me do it instead. 他累了，让我代做吧。/ If we cant go to Huangshan, well go to Taishan instead. 如果我们不能去黄山，我们就去泰山。【说明】instead是副词，不是动词。【短语】instead of代替：She went to school instead of staying at home. 她没有呆在家里而上学去了。/ I cant go, shell go instead of me. 我不能去，由她代替我去。instructionin5strQkFn n.说明；须知：Read the instructions on the bottle before you take the medicine. 先看瓶子上的说明再吃药。/ Read the list of instructions below. 读下表中的须知。interest5intrEst n. 兴趣：She has much interest in music. 她对音乐很感兴趣。/ The book caused great interest and argument. 这本书引起了人们极大的兴趣和争论。interested5intrEstid adj. 感兴趣的：Id be interested to hear your opinion about this. 我倒很想听听你对这件事的意见。【短语】be interested in 对感兴趣：I am very interested in music. 我对音乐很有兴趣。/ Are you interested in football? 你对足球有兴趣吗？interesting5intrEstiN adj.有趣的：Hes kind and interesting. 他很友好也很有趣。【辨析】interested 和interesting：一般说来，表示使人感兴趣，用 interesting；表示人对感兴趣，用interested。如：The book is interesting, so every one of us is interested in it. 这本书有趣，所以我们每个人对它都感兴趣。Internet5intEnet n. 因特网，互联网络：Internet brings a great convenience to our life. 互联网给我们的生活带来很多方便。into5intE prep. 到里；向内：Tears came into her eyes. 泪水涌上了她的眼睛。/ He worked far into the night. 他工作到深夜。inventin5vent v. 发明；创造：People are inventing new sports or games all the time. 人们不断地创造着新的运动和比赛。/ Who invented airplanes? 飞机是谁发明的？inventorin5ventE n. 发明者；创造者：Thomas Edison was a great inventor. 爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。/ Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. 亚格贝尔是电话的发明人。invitein5vait v. 邀请；招待：I invited him to my house. 我请他到我家去。/ They invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。/ We invited him to take part in the celebration. 我们邀请他一起参加庆祝会。island5ailEnd n. 岛；岛状物：Taiwan is the largest island of China. 台湾是中国最大的岛。/ Japan is an island country. 日本是一个岛国。itit pron. 它：Whats that? It is a radio. 那是什么？那是一台收音机。/ My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 我的钢笔丢了，哪儿也找不到。itsits pron. 它的：The horse broke its leg. 马把腿摔断了。/ What has a clock on its face? 表盘上有什么？Italiani5tAljEn adj. 意大利(人)的；意大利语的：French and Italian cheeses are famous. 法国干酪和意大利干酪都是很有名的。n. 意大利人；意大利语：An Italian speaks Italian. 意大利人讲意大利语。Italy5itEli n. 意大利：He has lived in Italy since he was five years old. 他自从5岁就住在意大利。/ Modern music was first developed in Italy. 现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。中考英语考纲词汇用法详解(J)jacket5dVAkit n. 夹克衫：This new jacket of yours looks nice. 你这件新上衣很漂亮。/ It was such a warm day that I took off my jacket. 天气这样暖和，我把短上衣脱掉了。January5dVAnjuEri n. 一月：January is the first month of a year. 一月是一年中的第一个月。JapandVE5pAn n. 日本：Japan is an island country. 日本是个岛国。/ Japan is a developed country. 日本是发达国家。JapanesedVApE5nI:z adj. 日本的；日本人的：Japanese customs are strange to us. 日本的风俗对我们来说很陌生。n. 日本人；日语：I have ever seen a Japanese. 我曾见过一个日本人。/ Do you speak Japanese? 你讲日语吗？jobdVCb n. 工作：He has a job as a teacher. 他担任教师的工作。/ That looks nice youve done a good job. 这东西很好看你干了件漂亮的活。【辨析】job和work：两者均指“工作”，但job主要指雇佣有报酬的工作，有时也可指零工、散工等，是可数名词；而work指“工作”、“劳动”，是一个含义极广的常用词，可指脑力劳动或体力劳动，也可指为了谋生而工作或劳动，是不可数名词。如：He has a good job in the bank. 他在银行有份不错的工作。/ They stop work at five. 他们5点钟下班。joindVCin v. 加入；参加：He joined us for a walk. 他同我们一起去散步。/ He joined the army when he was 16. 他参军时刚16岁。【说明】表示参加或加入某团体、党派、组织等，并成为其中的一个成员。如：join the Party 入党 / join the League 入团 / join the Army参军 / join the Trade Union 参加工会等，join是终止性动词，不能与一段时间连用。join还可表示与某人在一起或与某人一起做某事，通常用join sb / join sb in (doing) sth。如：Hell join us in singing the song. 他将同我们一起唱歌。jokedVEuk n. 笑话，玩笑：That was a good joke. 那是个很有趣的笑话。/ I said it just as a joke. 我当它只是个玩笑来说。journalist5dVE:nElist n. 记者，新闻工作者：She is a journalist known to everyone. 她是个人人皆知的新闻工作者。journey5dVE:ni n. 旅程；旅行；路程：Have a pleasant journey! 一路顺风! / I wished him a safe journey. 我祝他一路平安。/ How did the birds find their way on that long journey? 这么远的距离，鸟儿是怎样认识路的呢？【注意】journey通常指远距离的陆地旅行，并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如：I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。juicedVU:s n.(水果、蔬菜、肉等的)汁；果汁：I like fruit juice. 我喜欢喝果汁。/ Could you have another glass of orange juice? 再来一杯橙汁吧。July dVu:5lai n. 七月：Its July 1st. 今天是7月1日。/ He came to the city in July. 他是七月份到城里来的。jumpdVQmp v. 跳：Dont jump out of a window. 不要从窗口跳出。/ He jumped over the wall. 他从墙上跳了过去。jumper5dVQmpE n. 跳跃者：She is a good jumper. 她是个跳高能手。JunedVU;n n. 六月：June 1st is International Childrens Day. 6月1日是国际儿童节。justdVQst adv. 刚才，仅仅：Youre too late; the trains just left. 你来得太晚了，火车刚开走。/ Just a little more, please. 请再来一点儿。【短语】just now刚才；不久以前：I arrived here just now. 我刚到这儿。/ Tina phoned just now. 蒂娜刚来过电话。中考英语考纲词汇用法详解(K)keepki:p(kept, kept)v. 保持；留住：Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。/ Please try to keep out of the way. 请注意别挡路。/ Keep your clothes clean. 衣服要保持干净。/ The cold kept him in bed for three days. 这次感冒使他3天没起床。/ Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。【短语】keep doing something 一直都做某事：They kept laughing for ten minutes. 他们一直笑了10分钟。/ Dont keep (on) asking such questions. 不要老问那样的问题。keyki: n. 钥匙：I turned the key and opened the door. 我转动钥匙，打开了门。/ I have a bunch of keys in my pocket. 我衣袋里有一串钥匙。【用法】表示“钥匙”，其后用介词 to, of。如 Have you got the key toof the door? 你有这门的钥匙吗？用于比喻，表示“答案”、“解答”、“秘诀”、“关键”、“图解”、“图表”等意时，一般只与介词to连用。如：This is the key to the problem. 这是问题的关键。keyboard5ki:bC:d n. 键盘：Each user needs a keyboard for input and a screen for output. 用户需要一个键盘进行输入，一个显示器进行输出。kidkid n.(口语)小孩子：Get the kids and come on. 叫上孩子，跟着来！/ How are your wife and kids? 你妻子和孩子好吗？killkil v. 杀死，弄死：We kill animals for food. 我们把牲畜杀来吃。/ This man was killed in battle. 这个人阵亡了。kilo5ki:lEu n. 千克，公斤：A ton is equal to one thousand kilos. 1吨等于1,000公斤。/ I want half a kilo sugar. 我想要1斤糖。【说明】用作kilogramme (公斤，千克)的简称；主要用于口语中；其复数形式为kilos。kilometer5kilEmi:tE n. 公里，千米：Km is a short way of writing kilometer. Km是kilometer的缩写形式。/ A kilometer is a thousand meters. 1公里等于1,000公尺。kindkaind n. 种类：What kind of game do you like to watch best? 你最喜欢观看哪种运动的比赛？adj. 和蔼的，友好的：They are kind to each other. 他们彼此间很友好。/ It was very kind of you to help me. 您真是太好了这样帮助我。kind-hearted5kaind5hB:tid adj. 好心的：The old kindhearted man saved the snake. 这位好心肠的老人救起了这条蛇。【短语】a kind of 一种，一类：The elephant is a kind of animal. 大象是一种动物。kinds of 各种各样的：I like all kinds of fruit. 我喜欢各种各样的水果。kitchen5kitFin n. 厨房：Mother is cooking lunch in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房里做午饭。kitekait n. 风筝：The kite is far up above the house. 风筝高高飘在房子上方。/ Let up a kite with the wind. 让风筝