高考英语 阅读理解之主旨大意和细节理解抓分训练.doc

2014高考英语抓分训练：阅读理解之主旨大意和细节理解(限时：25分钟)一、主旨大意1joshua bingham studied 4 years at the university of paris and decided to leave his graduation. he transferred to the university of berlin and graduated with honours. harvard law school and, later, boston college provided him with an excellent legal background. he is presently a corporation lawyer in miami, florida. what is the main idea of the passage?ahow joshua bingham became a lawyer.bbingham is a diligent student.cjoshua bingham received excellent education.da good lawyer needs good education. 2two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. in fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.” given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflicts the way they are taught to solve maths problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?this article is mainly about_athe lives of school childrenbthe cause of arguments in schoolschow to analyse youth violencedhow to deal with school conflicts3grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised ever since. a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. he can play with a ball as well as his son. a mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of cinderella or goldilocks.what is the main idea?apeople remember well what they learned in childhood.bchildren have a better memory than grownups.cpoem reading is a good way to learn words.dstories for children are easy to remember.4one of the greatest contributions to the first oxford english dictionary was also one of its most unusual. in 1879, oxford university in england asked professor james murray to serve as an editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language. it would include every english word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. this was a huge task. so murray had to find volunteers from britain, the united states, and the british colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in english. hundreds of volunteers responded, including william chester minor. dr minor was an american surgeon who had served in the civil war and is now living in england. he gave his address as “broadmoor, crowthorne, berkshire”， 50 miles from oxford. minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray. over the next years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. but he was also a mystery. in spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit oxford. so in 1897, murray finally decided to travel to crowthorne himself. when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum for the criminally insane. murray and minor became friends, sharing their love of words. minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years. murray continued to visit minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. in 1910, minor left broadmoor for an asylum in his native america. murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the oxford english dictionary was completed. the 12 volumes defined 414，825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. what does the text mainly talk about?athe history of the english language.bthe friendship between murray and minor.cminor and the first oxford english dictionary.dbroadmoor asylum and its patients. 二、细节理解1below is a selection about guinness(吉尼斯) world records.top 6 unusual guinness world records fastest 100m running on all fours the 2008 guinness world records day was, according to cwr, their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290，000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. kenichi itos record attempt was part of this special day. he is just another example of japanese with“super powers”. his “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. kenichi ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. the japanese set this record at setagaya kuritsu sogo undojyo, tokyo, in 2008. most people inside a soap bubblethe discovery science centre in santa ana, california celebrated the 15th anniversary of the bubble (泡泡) festival this year. a bubbles maths principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the threeweeklong exhibition. the intriguing bubble show was also part of the programme. fan yang and deni yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. the yang family cooperated with the discovery science centre to set a new guinness world record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded.the family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. the record was set on april 4, 2011.longest ears on a doga bloodhound (大警犬) from illinois has the longest ears ever measured. the right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. the dog named tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by christina and bryan flessner.mr jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. his grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died mr jeffries took over.most living generationsdid you ever wonder what is the guinness world record for most living generations in one family? seven is the answer.the ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was augusta bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on january 21, 1989”most tshirts worn at oncebelieve it or not, there is a record also for this category. krunoslav budiseli set a new world record on may 22, 2010 for wearing 245 tshirts at the same time. the man from croatia was officially recognized as the new record holder by guinness world records after he managed to put on 245 different tshirts in less than two hours. the tshirts weighed 68 kg and budiseli said he began struggling around tshirt no.120. he dethroned(罢黜)the swedish guinness record holder who wore 238 tshirts.heaviest pumpkin(南瓜)guinness world records confirmed on october 9，2010 that a gigantic pumpkin grown in wisconcin was officially the worlds heaviest. it weighed 1，810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by chris stevens at the stillwater harvest festival in minnesota. stevens pumpkin was 85 pounds heavier than the previous record, another huge pumpkin grown in ohio. the proud farmer said his secret is a precise mixture of rain, cow waste, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. some of the worlds heaviest pumpkins, including the record holder, were on public display at the bronx botanical gardens in new york for a dozen days.1. why is kenichi ito described as a man with a “super power”？ahe set a good example to all japanese.bhe made record attempts in 15 different countries.che set a new record for “fastest 100 m running on all fours”dhe participated in the 2008 guinness world records day activities.2jeffries is the name of_athe owner of the dog with the longest earsbthe grandfather of the dog with the longest earscthe present holder of the record for “longest ears on a dog”dthe former holder of the record for “longest ears on a dog”3how many tshirts had krunoslav budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?a68. b120.c238. d245.4according to the given information，which guinness world record was most recently set?athe record for “most people inside a soap bubble”bthe record for “most living generations”cthe record for “most tshirts worn at once”dthe record for “heaviest pumpkin”一、主旨大意1c主旨大意题。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。读者只能将所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及joshua bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是joshua bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 c 。2d主旨大意题。根据文中“given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conf