山东省泰安市肥城市第三中学高中英语 Unit 2 Woking the land语法学案 新人教版必修4.doc

山东省泰安市肥城市第三中学高中英语 unit 2 woking the land语法学案 新人教版必修4教学内容learning aims: 知识与能力：to master some sentence patterns过程与方法：to master the usage of the verb-ing form情感态度价值观：to enjoy the pleasure of studylearning key points: to master some sentence patternslearning difficult points: to master the usage of the verb-ing form【学案使用说明】在提前预习的前提下完成学习指导即时感悟【回顾复习】check the home work (have a dictation of the language points)【自主 合作 探究】.动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成,如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 构成。动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化,有时态和语态的变化。它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。.1.动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： 1）walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2）watching news on tv has become a routine for me. 3）learning new words is very important for me2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：it +be +a waste of time doing it is/was no good/use doing it is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing it is/was worth/worthwhile doing it is useless trying to argue with shylockis it any good trying to explain?it is pleasant working with you3. 在there be no.结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思相当于“it is impossible to do ”。1)there is no hiding of evil but not to do it若要人不知, 除非己莫为。2)there is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。3)there was no knowing when he would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。注意: there is no need to do sth 没必要做某事, 在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. there is no need to tell her. 提示: 当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1）my sisters being ill made me worried.2）your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：动名词表示的动作通常是一个习惯性的长期进行的动作, 不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。e.g.1）teaching english is my job.2）finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.3）to reach there on time is my task.、动名词用作宾语.动名词作宾语有两种情况。1. 只能后接-ing作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。1）i cant avoid going2）have you considered looking for one special friend?3）people couldnt help laughing foolish man2. 既可接-ing和to do作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。a. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同, ing表示泛指的动作, to do表示具体的一次性动作。b. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义没有什么不同, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。 c. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing 表示动作已经发生,-to do 表示动作还没发生；i remember posting the letterill remember to post the letteri shall never forget seeing the famous writerdont forget to write to your motheri regret missing the reporti regret to say i cant take your adviced. 意义各不相同try to do (设法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (试试) mean doing (意思是, 意味着)be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事e. go on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语1) i insist on taking proper food for this trip2) instead of smiling, each of them made a face3) she was very interested in working for our company注：下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以动词要接-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。 【当堂达标】1. lets have a rest not now. i dont want to stop _ yet(met 1985) a. study b. to study c. for studying d. studying 2. let me tell you something about the journalists dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (1999上海高考) a. told b. tell c. to tell d. to have told 3. what made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music concert. a. losing b. because of losing c. to lose d. because i had lost 4. i cant imagine _ that with them. a. do b. to do c. being done d. doing 5. he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _the good opportunity. a. to lose b. losing c. to be lost d. being lost 6. _ is forbidden inside the park. a. to cycle b. we cycle c. anyone cycles d. cycling 7. _ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while _provides us with oxygen. a. to eat; breathing b. eating; to breathe c. eating; breathing d. eaten; breathed8.have you forgotten _ $1000 from me last month? will you please remember _ it tomorrow? a. borrowing; to bring b. to borrow; bring c. borrowed; bringing d. borrowing; bringing9.my brother keeps _ me with my work. a. to help b. help c. helping d. helps10.we should often practise _ english with each other.a. to speak b. spoke c. speak d. speaking11.the story was so funny that we _. a. couldnt help laugh b. cant but laugh c. couldnt help laughing d. couldnt help but to laugh12. though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth _. a. being bought b. buying c. to buy d. buying it13.once the heart stops _,death follows at once. a. beating b. to beat c. being beaten d. to be beating14.people must be separated to avoid (避免) _ by patients. a. being infected(感染) b. infecting c. to infect d. infected15. your clothes need _. a. washed b. to be washed c. to wash d. being washed16.one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.a. corrects b. correct c. to correct d. correcting17.mike found his missing car in the street outside his house,_ newly cleaned and polished.a. looked b. to look c. looking d. to be looking18.-i hear warren _ in a middle school. -what? i cant imagine him _ as a teacher.a. teach; to work b. teaches; working c. teac