浙江省2018中考英语复习教材知识梳理篇第15课时八下Modules3_4精讲试题外研版.docx

第15课时八年级下册Modules 34,基础知识巩固温馨提示：建议在掌握重点单词、短语及句型后，趁热打铁，完成默写手册P2122对应内容，以达到巩固、自测的效果。重点单词1.earth n. 地球2moon n. 月亮；月球3news n. 新闻；消息4planet n. 行星5reach v. 到达；抵达6yet adv. 还，尚7just adv. 刚才；刚刚8model n. 模型9spaceship n. 航天器；宇宙飞船10project n. 计划；工程；项目11latest adj. 最近的；最新的12discover v. 发现；找到13astronaut n. 宇航员14none pron. 没有一人；没有一个15environment n. 环境16solar adj. 太阳的；与太阳有关的17.system n. 系统；体系18group n. 群；组19universe n. 宇宙20light n. 光线；光亮21impossible adj. (事情)办不到的，不可能的22communicate v. 联系；交流23cough n. 咳嗽；v.咳嗽24fever n. 发烧；发热25headache n. 头痛26stomach n. 腹部；肚子27ache n. 痛；疼痛28ill n. 不健康的；有病的29since prep. 自以来；conj. 自以来30cold n. 感冒；伤风31.health n. 健康(状况)32well adj. 健康的33heart n. 心脏34active adj. 积极的；活跃的35pet n. 宠物；宠畜36member n. 成员；会员37condition n. 状况；身体状况38sleepy adj. 困的；想睡的39then adv. 当时；那时40daily adj. 每天的；天天的41weak adj. 弱的；虚弱的42illness n. 病；疾病43exercise v. 运动；锻炼44awful adj. 极讨厌的；极坏的45perhaps adv. 可能；也许词汇拓展1.discover v. 发现；找到cover(反义词)v. 覆盖；遮蔽2environment n. 环境environmental adj. 有关环境的3possible adj. 可能的impossible adj. 办不到的；不可能的4communicate v. 联系；交流communication n. 交流；沟通5ill adj. 不健康的；有病的illness n. 疾病6take v. 测定，拍摄；吃，喝took (过去式)taken (过去分词)7active adj. 积极的；活跃的activity n. 活动8.sleep n. & v. 睡觉；睡眠sleepy adj. 困的；想睡的asleep adj. 睡熟了的9daily adj. 每天的；天天的everyday (同义词)10weak adj. 弱的；虚弱的weakness n. 虚弱；弱点weaken v. 使变弱11exercise n. 运动；锻炼exercise v. 运动；锻炼12universe n. 宇宙universal adj. 宇宙的；全球的重点短语1.no problem 没问题(用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事)2space travel 航天旅行3solar system 星系；(尤指)太阳系4stomach ache 胃痛；腹痛5catch a cold 感冒6take ones temperature 量某人的体温7fast food 快餐食品8take part (in sth.) 参加，参与(某事)9in excellent condition 健康状况很好10feel awful 感到不舒服11all over 浑身；到处12.be up to doing sth.正在做某事，忙于某事13far away 远离；遥远14go online 上网15search for information 搜索信息16billions of 数以亿计的17communicate with 与联系；与交流18get a (bad) cough 咳嗽(得厉害)19go for a run/go running 去跑步 20go to the doctor/see a doctor 看医生21in hospital 住院重点句型1. What are you up to? 你在忙什么呢？ Ive just made a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚为我们的学校项目制作了一个宇宙飞船模型。2I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.我还没有开始，因为我不确定怎样制作它(宇宙飞船)。3. Has it arrived yet? 它(宇宙飞船)到达了吗？ Yes, it has arrived already.Thats why its on the news.是的，它已经到达了。这就是它(宇宙飞船)上新闻的原因。4Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员们已经去过月球了。5. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.然而，我们至今还没有在任何其他行星上发现生命。6.Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.许多科学家正在努力工作，为了有一天能将宇航员送入火星。7I havent done much exercise since I got my computer last year.自从去年我拥有电脑以来就没怎么锻炼了。8How long have you had your bike? 你拥有你的自行车多长时间了？Ive had it for about two years.我拥有它(自行车)大约两年了。9Since then, it has become part of my life.从那以后，它(自行车)成了我生活的一部分。,重难词句选析1yet adv. 还，尚(教材P18)【点拨】yet 表示“还(未)”，用在否定句和疑问句，常与一般现在时或现在完成时连用。already 用来表示“已经”， 用于肯定句。如：We havent finished our homework yet.我们还没有完成我们的家庭作业。Man has not discovered any life in space yet.人类尚未在太空中发现生命。【即时训练】根据汉语意思选用already和yet来完成句子。你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？是的。我已经完成了。Have you finished your homework _yet_？ Yes.Ive _already_ finished it.2discover v. 发现；找到(教材P18)【辨析】discover，invent与create(1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或不为人所知的东西。如：I discovered (that) she was a good cook.我发现她很会烧菜。(2)invent 表示“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明创造的东西。如：Edison didnt discover electricity，but invented the light bulb.爱迪生没有发现电，但是发明了灯泡。(3)create表示“创造”，指经过努力使事物从无到有。如：They created one new record after another.他们创造了一个又一个的新纪录。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。全世界的科学家都在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。Scientists around the world are working hard _to_discover_ a cure for AIDS.3ill adj. 不健康的；有病的(教材P26)【辨析】ill与sickill 和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。(1)ill 表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语，“病人”可以说a sick man 或the sick, 但不能说an ill man 或the ill。如：She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。(2)sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。如：The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。He is an ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。【即时训练】用ill或sick填空。(1)She is looking after her _sick_father.(2)Jack_is_ill/sick_ in bed.4Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？(教材P18) 【点拨】这是个现在完成时态的句子。现在完成时态的基本结构为：肯定句：主语助动词have/has过去分词其他。否定句：主语助动词have/hasnot过去分词其他。肯定回答：Yes，主语have/has.否定回答：No，主语havent/hasnt.(有时也可用“No，not yet./No，never./No，not even once.”等。)【即时训练】用所给词的适当形式填空。Mum，may I go out and play basketball?_Have_ you_finished_(finish) your homework yet?5Thats why its on the news.这就是它(宇宙飞船)上新闻的原因。(教材P18)【点拨】Thats why意为“这就是的原因”，why引导表语从句，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。从句要用陈述语序。表语从句还可由what，where，who，how等词引导。如：Thats why Im angry.那就是我生气的原因。Thats where Lu Xun used to live.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。那就是他上学迟到的原因。_Thats_why_he_was_late_for_school._6Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.科学家们认为数亿年以前地球上已有生命存在了。(教材P20)【点拨】there have/has been表示“曾经有；已经有”，是there be的完成时形式。如：There have been great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上电脑) in the last years.近几年里，这种类型的掌上电脑已经发生了巨大的变化。【即时训练】根据汉语意思完成句子。他们认为在很多年以前，地球上已经有这种生物了。They think that _there_has_been_ such a creature on the earth since many years ago.,当堂练习检测.根据句意及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。1I have wanted to be an _astronaut_(宇航员)2_Perhaps_(也许)it will snow tomorrow.3The _earth_(地球) goes around the sun.4Are you a _member_(成员) of the chess club?5The scientists have _discovered_(发现) many other galaxies in the universe.6You should take an _active_(积极的) part in the task.7Looking through newspapers is his _daily_(每日的) activity.8The old man is in poor _condition_(身体状况)9My mother is _ill_(生病的)，I have to look after her at home.10He didnt go to school because he_caught_a_cold_(感冒).用方框中所给单词或词语的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。go, sleep, have, possible, health1The noise made sleep _impossible_2I _had_a stomachache yesterday.3I am so _sleepy_ that I cant listen to the teacher.4Im worried about my mothers _health_5Li Mei _has_gone_ to the library.She will be back in a few minutes.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。Mothers always tell their children what they should eat.When Jim was a child，his mother often told him，“Be 1._careful_(小心的) not to eat too much sugar，or your teeth will 2._ache_(痛)”Besides，his mo