【备战】高考英语 语法备考（典型陷阱+分析+练习）动词时态考点.doc

动词时态考点典型陷阱题分析1. “i _ his telephone number.” “i have his number, but i _ to bring my phone book.”a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget【陷阱】容易误选a，认为“忘记”是现在的事。【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应c。请再看一例： oh, i _ where he lives. dont you carry your address book?no, i _ to bring it.a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget答案选c，理由同上。2. i had hoped to see her off at the station, but i _ too busy.a. wasb. had beenc. would bed. would have been【陷阱】容易误选b或d，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用b或d与之呼应。【分析】但正确答案为a，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为a)：(1) we had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.a. foundb. had foundc. would findd. would have found(2) we had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.a. didntb. hadntc. needntd. would not have(3) we had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time.a. hadb. had hadc. would haved. would have had(4) i had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ and i couldnt get away.a. calledb. had calledc. would calld. would have called(5) the traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless.a. wasb. isc. wered. had been3. dear me! just _ at the time! i _ no idea it was so late.a. look, haveb. looking, hadc. look, hadd. looking, have 【陷阱】此题容易误选d，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实，此题应选c，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。4. “your phone number again? i _ quite catch it.” “its 4331577”a. didntb. couldntc. dontd. cant【陷阱】此题容易误选c，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。【分析】其实，此题答案应选a，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：(1) “mr smith isnt coming tonight.” “ but he _.”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised答案选b，“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。(2) “hey, look where you are going!” “oh, im terribly sorry. _.”a. im not noticingb. i wasnt noticingc. i havent noticedd. i dont notice答案选b，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。(3) “oh its you ! i _ you.” “ive had my hair cut.”a. didnt realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt recognized. dont recognized 答案选c。“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。(4) “whats her new telephone number?” “oh, i _.”a. forgetb. forgotc. had forgottend. am forgetting此题应选a，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。(5) “since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready?” “but i _ that you would have me start at once.”a. dont realizeb. didnt realizec. hadnt realizedd. havent realized答案选b。“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。(6) “its twelve oclock, i think i must be off now.” “oh, really? i _ it at all.”a. dont realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt realized. hadnt realized答案选c。“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。5. mr smith _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether he has finished it.a. has writtenb. wrotec. had writtend. was writing【陷阱】容易误选b或c。【分析】此题应选d，这是由 but i dont know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选b。但若选b，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。6. he has changed a lot. he _ not what he _. a. is, isb. was, wasc. is, wasd. was, is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选c，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：“what place is it?” “havent you found out we _ back where we _?”a. were, had beenb. have been, are c. are, wered. are, had been答案选c，we are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。7. he is very busy. i dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.a. comeb. comesc. will comed. is coming【陷阱】此题容易误选b。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。【分析】其实，此题答案应选c，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if如果)，而是宾语从句(即if是否)，句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：(1) i dont know if she _, but if she _ i will let you know.a. comes, comes b. will come, will comec. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案选 d，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。(2) “when _ he come?” “i dont know, but when he _, ill tell you.”a. does, comes b. will, will comec. does, will come d. will, comes答案选 d，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。(3) “when he _ is not known yet.” “but when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”a. comes, comes b. will come, will come c. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案选 d，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。8. the bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing.a. is dated fromb. was dated fromc. dates fromd. dated from【陷阱】此题容易误选b或d，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选d。【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是c，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：the church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。the castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：the church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。9. “youve left the light on.” “oh, so i have. _ and turn it off.”a. ill gob. ive gonec. i god. im going【陷阱】容易误选d。【分析】a和d两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有a是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：“ive come out without any money.” “never mind, i will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)ive bought a typewriter and im going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)精编陷阱题训练1. look at that little boy wandering about perhaps he _ his mother. a. will loseb. is losingc. had lostd. has lost2. its good that we _ to the park because its started to rain. a. dont gob. hadnt gonec. didnt god. wasnt going3. i _ for five minutes; why dont they come? a. am callingb. calledc. was callingd. have been calling4. you _ your turn so youll have to wait. a. will missb. have missedc. are missingd. had missed5. we _ to move but are still considering where to go to. a. are decidingb. decided c. have decidedd. had decided 6. i left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it? a. tookb. has takenc. will taked. had taken 7. they wont buy any new clothes because they _ money to buy a new car.a. saveb. were savingc. have savedd. are saving 8. i _ your last point could you say it again? a. didnt quite catchb. dont quite catchc. hadnt quite catchd. cant quite catch9. youll never guess who i met today my old teacher! we _ for 20 years.a. dont meetb. havent met c. hadnt metd. couldnt meet10. i feel sure i _ her before somewhere.a. was to meetb. have metc. had metd. would meet11. they havent arrived yet but we _ them at any moment. a. are expectedb. have expectedc. are expectingd. will expect12. i think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; im sure he _ abroad all week. a. isb. wasc. has beend. had been13. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb. were writing, has leftc. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left14. i tried to phone her, but even as i _ she was leaving the building. a. phonedb. would phonec. had phonedd. was phoning15. “i suppose you _ that report yet?” “i finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.” a. didnt finishb. havent finishedc. hadnt finishedd. wasnt finishing16. didnt the guard see him breaking into the bank?no, he _ in the other direction.a. was lookingb. had lookedc. lookedd. is looking17. how can you possibly miss the news? it _ on tv all day long.a. has beenb. had beenc. wasd. will be18. “i thought you might have got drunk.” “yes, i _.”a. almost haveb. almost hadc. almost didd. might have19. you _ television. why not do something more active?a. always watchb. are always watchingc. have always watchedd. have always been watching20. “i took part in the toefl. it was really hard.” “did you _ a lot?”a. have you studiedb. did you study c. had you studiedd. do you study21. “whats your opinion on the matter, please?” “oh, sorry, i _.”a. wasnt to listenb. havent listenedc. wasnt listeningd. hadnt listened22. “aha, youre a chain smoker!” “only at home. nobody _ that but you.”a. discoveredb. had discoveredc. discoversd. is discovering23. the telephone _ three times in the last hour, and each time it _ for my father.a. had rang; wasb. has rung; wasc. rang; has beend. has been ringing; is24. the thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ him, but failed.a. has heldb. had heldc. was holdingd. would hold25. when i arrived at the company, the manager _, so we had only time for a few words.a. just went awayb. had gone awayc. was just going awayd. has just gone away26. “john took a photograph of you just now.” “oh, really? i _.”a. didnt knowb. wasnt knowingc. dont knowd. havent known27. “mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “its a shame! he _!”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised28. please call again. jim _ a bath just now.a. has hadb. was havingc. is havingd. has29. “was andrew there when you arrived?” “yes, but he _ home soon afterwards.”a. had goneb. has gonec. is goingd. went30. “where is mother.” “she is in the kitchen. she _ the housework all morning.”a. is doingb. was doingc. has doned. has been doing 31. the books, _ the dictionaries, must be put back where they _. a. included; wereb. to include; arec. including; wered. including; are 31. 选 c。第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。【答案与解析】1. 选d。根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。2. 选c。句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。3. 选d。用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。4. 选b，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。5. 选c。用现在完成时表示影响。6. 选b。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。7. 选d。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。8. 选a