外文翻译--驱动桥的构造

附 录 A The structure of driving axle The driving axle is in the power power transmission the terminal, its basic function increases the torque which transmits by the drive shaft or the transmission gearbox, and power reasonable assignment for left and right driving gear, moreover also withstands the function vertical sets up, the longitudinal force and the transverse force between the road surface and the frame or the automobile body.The driving axle generally by the main gear box, the differential device, the wheel transmission device and the driving axle shell and so on is composed. 1.Driving axle design： The driving axle design must satisfy following basic request: 1). Choice main reduction gear ratios ought to be able to guarantee the automobile has the best power and the fuel economy. 2). External dimensions must be small, guaranteed has the necessity ground clearance. 3). Gears and other transmission piece works do steadily, the noise is small. 4). Has the high transmission efficiency under each kind of rotational speed and the load. 5). Under the guarantee enough intensity, the rigidity condition, should make every effort the quality to be small, under the reed the quality should be as far as possible small in particular, improves the automobile smoothness. 6). Coordinated with the suspension fork guidance organization movement, regarding changes the driving axle, but also should coordinate with the rotation gear movement. 7). Structures are simple, the processing technology capability is good, the manufacture is easy, disassembling, the adjustment is convenient. 2.Driving axle classification The driving axle minute non-separation type with separates the type two big kinds. 1).Non-separation type driving axle The non-separation type driving axle also is called the integral-type driving axle, its rear axle drive pipe and main gear box shell with shaft casing rigidly connected whole Liang, thus the both sides rear axle and the driving gear swing related, passes the elastic part and the frame is connected.It by the driving axle shell 1, the main gear box, the differential device and the rear axle is composed. 2). Separation type driving axle The driving axle uses the independent suspension fork, namely the main gear box shell fixes on the frame, the both sides rear axle and the driving gear can be opposite in the rolling plane in the chassis have the relative motion to be called the separation type driving axle. In order to coordinates with the independent suspension fork, fixes the main gear box shell in the frame (or automobile body) on, the driving axle shell partition and through the hinge joint, or no longer has the driving axle shell other parts besides the main gear box shell.In order to meet the need which about the driving gear independence beats, between the differential device and between wheel rear axle each section connects with the universal joint. 3.Drive axle of composition Mainly by the reducer drive, and half axle and drive axle shell, etc. 1) .Main reducer The speed reducer is usually used to change the direction of transmission, reduce speed and increase torque, guarantee cars have enough force and appropriate speed. Main reducer, have more single type, double, double speed reducer, wheel edges. a). Single main reducer By a reduction gear reducer realization of single reducer, called. Its simple structure, light weight, dongfeng BQl090, light, medium sized truck was widely used in automobile. b). Double main reducer In some large trucks, load demand is bigger than the slow, with single main reducer drive, driven gear diameter increases, affect to the ground clearance drive, so using twice. Usually called doublestage reducer. Two groups of double reduction gear reducer, increasing torsional twice slowdown. To improve the tapered gear pair of meshing smoothness and strength, the level of spiral bevel gears reduction gear pair is. Second gear pair is helical gears for support. Active tapered gear rotating, drive driven circular gear rotating, thus completing silver. Level Article 2 the initiative of cylindrical gears and driven tapered gear coaxial and rotate together, and bring about a follower of cylindrical gears rotate, 2. Because a follower of cylindrical gears installed in differential shell, so, when a follower of cylindrical gears turning, through the differential and half shaft is driven wheel rotation. 2).Differential Around half shaft are used to connect differential wheel, can make the sides with different velocity rotating torque simultaneously. Ensure the normal scroll wheel. Some more, in the car driver bridge or in the breakthrough of thansfer transmission shaft with differential between, also called the bridge between differential. Its role in the car is in turn or flat road to drive wheels, and generate differential between the role. Current domestic cars and other cars are adopted symmetric bevel gear ordinary differential. Symmetrical type gear differential planetary gear, half of planetary gear axle shaft gear, or a cross (direct axis) and differential shell, etc. Most current car using differential planetary gear, ordinary bevel gear differential by two or four conical planetary gear and planetary gear axle, two cone half shaft gear and differential shell, etc. 3). Half axle Half shaft are coming to the differential wheel, drive torque to move the car wheel rotation, the solid shaft. Due to the different structure, installation of hub axial force and the different also. Therefore, half shaft are divided into the floating, use, three/four floating three types. a). Howo fou-point suspending half axle General big, medium-sized cars are adopted the floating structure. Half of the spline shaft inside with the half shaft with differential gears connected to the end of the half shaft are forging flanges, bolts and wheel connection. Hub through two far apart WenCheng tapered roller bearings in half a collar. Half a collar and driving axle shell pressure to drive, composition. Use this form, half shaft bearing no direct link with the bridge housing, half shaft driving torque and not only bear any moment under this half shaft are called the floating half axle. The so-called float means half shaft are not bending load. The float, the half axle shaft for lugs and made one. But there are some heavy trucks to lugs, and made the individual parts of the spline shaft in the half. Therefore, both ends of the spline shaft is used, can HuanTou. b). Use half axle Use of half axle within the same with the client, not withstand float bending-torsional. The client through a direct bearing on the inside of half axle shell. This means that will support the half axle under bending moment. Therefore, the half sleeve torque, except under bending moment, local use half shaft is called. This structure is mainly used for certain. The red flag brand limousines CA7560 type of thing. The half shaft are not bending moment, the client will inherit all external use, so called bending support. c). 3/4 floating half axle Three-quarters of floating half shaft are short of bending degree between use and the floating. This type of half axle currently used in XiaoWoChe, only on individual applications, such as M20 type car. Warsaw, 4). The bridge housing a). Integral bridge housing Integral bridge housing for the intensity and rigidity, and facilitate the good performance of the installation, adjustment and maintenance, and widely used. Integral bridge housing for manufacturing methods, which can be divided into different midway through the whole cast type, the steel casting and stamping steel welding etc. b). Drive axle shell segmented Section type bridge housing generally fall into two, one will DuanLianCheng two by bolts. Bridge housing is segmented to casting and machining. 附 录 B 驱动桥的构造 驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端，其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩，并将动力合理的分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直 立、纵向力和横向力。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。 驱动桥的设计 ： 驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求： 选择的主减速比应能保证汽车 具有最佳的动力性和燃料经济性。 （ 2） 外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙。 （ 3） 齿轮及其他传动件工作平稳，噪声小。 （ 4） 在各种转速和载荷下具有高的传动效率。 （ 5） 在保证足够的强度、刚度条件下，应力求质量小，尤其是簧下质量应尽量小，以改善汽车平顺性。 （ 6） 与悬架导向机构运动协调，对于转向驱动桥，还应与转向机构运动相协 调。 （ 7）结构简单，加工工艺性好，制造容易，拆装、调整方便。 驱动桥的分类 驱动桥分非断开式与断开式两大类。 1、 非断开式驱动桥 非断开式驱动桥也称为整体式驱动桥，其半轴套管与主减速器壳均与轴壳刚性地相连一个整体梁，因而两侧的半轴和驱动轮相关地摆动，通过弹性元件与车架相连。它由驱动桥壳 1，主减速器，差速器和半轴组成。 2、 断开式驱动桥 驱动桥采用独立悬架，即主减速器壳固定在车架上，两侧的半轴和驱动轮能在横向平面相对于车体有相对运动的则称为断开式驱动桥。 为了与独立悬架相配合，将主 减速器壳固定在车架（或车身）上，驱动桥壳分段并通过铰链连接，或除主减速器壳外不再有驱动桥壳的其它部分。为了适应驱动轮独立上下跳动的需要，差速器与车轮之间的半轴各段之间用万向节连接。 驱动桥的组成 驱动桥主要由主减速器、差速器、半轴和驱动桥壳等组成。 1、 主减速器 主减速器一般用来改变传动方向，降低转速，增大扭矩，保证汽车有足够的驱动力和适当的速皮。主减速器类型较多，有单级、双级、双速、轮边减速器等。 （ 1） 单级主减速器 由一对减速齿轮实现减速的装置，称为单级减速器。其结构简单，重量轻，东 风 BQl090 型等轻、中型载重汽车上应用广泛。 （ 2）双级主减速器 对一些载重较大的载重汽车，要求较大的减速比，用单级主减速器传动，则从动齿轮的直径就必须增大，会影响驱动桥的离地间隙，所以采用两次减速。通常称为双级减速器。双级减速器有两组减速齿轮，实现两次减速增扭。 为提高锥形齿轮副的啮合平稳性和强度，第一级减速齿轮副是螺旋锥齿轮。二级齿轮副是斜齿因拄齿轮。 主动圆锥齿轮旋转，带动从动圆银齿轮旋转，从而完成一级减速。第二级减速的主动圆柱齿轮与从动圆锥齿轮同轴而一起旋转，并带动从动圆柱齿轮旋转 ，进行第二级减速。因从动圆柱齿轮安装于差速器外壳上，所以，当从动圆柱齿轮转动时，通过差速器和半轴即驱动车轮转动。 2、 差速器 差速器用以连接左右半轴，可使两侧车轮以不同角速度旋转同时